INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM CASE ANALYSIS

THE IMPACT OF
OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATION MISUSE
AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS OF
.

BARANGAY SALOG, GOA, CAMARINES SUR

RESEARCHERS
LOPEZ, YUNELSA ENTON B.
ORTIZ, SHEREEN C.
PACIS, ANNE N.
PILAPIL, CYRIL D.
SALES, SHARMAINE O.
 3 Background of the Study

4 Problem Statement

5 Framework

AGENDA 6 Methodology

7 Proposed Timeline

8 Analysis

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 1.1. OVERVIEW OF PARTIDO DISTRICT
GEOGRAPHICAL PROFILE

Partido District is the 4th congressional district of Camarines Sur, consisting of 10

municipalities across the central part of the Bicol Peninsula, the southeastern part
of Luzon Island. As the term Partido connotes (coined from the Spanish word “
Partir ” which means separate), the district is not within the development
highway. It has 10 municipalities that are not easily accessible by land and mostly
fall under 5 th and 6 th class. It also have 10 islands and 7 coastal areas. (Google
Earth, 2024)

It is located between 140 10' and 130 15' North Latitude and between 1240 10' and
1220 40' East Longitude. It has a land area of 197,306 has. which is 37.46% more
than a third of the province land area. The total population is 341,487 representing
01
Figure 1. Map of the 5 Districts in Camarines Sur, Philippines
(Bicolmail Web Admin, 2022)
Figure 2. Map of the Partido District in Camarines Sur
(Partido Development Administration 2013)
Table 1.1 Climate in Camarines Sur (Climate & Weather Averages in Province of
Camarines Sur, Philippines, 2024)

CLIMATE

Hottest Month May (29 °C avg)

Coldest Month January (26 °C avg)
Wettest Month December (580.0 mm avg)
Windiest Month January (18 km/h avg)
Annual precip. 3479.4 mm (per year)
MUNICIPALITIES COMPRIMISING
PARTIDO DISTRICT
The Partido Area is composed of 10 following municipalities;
Caramoan Sagñay
Garchitorena San Jose
Goa Siruma
Lagonoy Tigaon
Presentacion Tinambac
 Caramoan Garchitorena Goa Lagonoy Presentacion

51,728(2. 50%) 29,436(1.42%) 71,368(3.45%) 56,714(2.74%) 22,591(1.09%)

Sañgay San Jose Siruma Tigaon Tinambac

51,728(2. 50%) 43,973(2.13%) 19,419(0.94%) 60,524(2.93%) 70,176(3.39%)

10 MUNICIPALITIES OF PARTIDO DISTRICT POPULATION

 Caramoan Garchitorena Goa Lagonoy Presentacion

5.01% 4.42% 3.74% 6.86% 2.61%

sañgay San Jose Siruma Tigaon Tinambac

2.81% 0.87% 2.56% 1.31% 6.38%

10 MUNICIPALITIES OF PARTIDO DISTRICT LAND AREA

 OVERVIEW OF BARANGAY SALOG,
GOA, CAMARINES SUR
About five kilometers from the present site of the town center of Goa, found a
barangay whose name is based on its location. This barangay was named Salog
because of the big rivers and brooks which can be found in this place. Barangay
Salog is situated at approximately 13.7363, 123.4733, in the island of Luzon. Elevation
at these coordinates is estimated at 38.4 meters or 126.0 feet above mean sea level.
(BDRRMP 2023-2025)

FIGURE 13. MAP OF BARANGAY SALOG, GOA CAMARINES SUR (GOOGLE EARTH, 2024)
 TABLE 1.3 POPULATION ACCORDING
TABLE 1.2 TO AGE (BDRRMP 2023-2025)
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DATA
OF BARANGAY SALOG, GOA
CAMARINES SUR
(BDRRMP 2023-2025)
TABLE 1.4 PRIMARY
LIVELIHOOD OF RESIDENTS
IN BARANGAY SALOG
(BDRRMP 2023-2025)
 RATIONALE
The unexpected outbreak of the global coronavirus has
left a profound mark on our shared past. During the
peak of the pandemic, public health, the food system,
the way of life of individuals, and the world's economy
were tested in unprecedented ways. The catastrophic
effect of COVID-19 on people and the economy is
evident. Illness and mortality rates are rising all around
the world. Fear and despair over becoming infected lead
to self-medication.
 RATIONALE
People were alarmed with the sudden outbreak of
the Covid-19 and urged to do self-medication for
prevention and management. Self-medication lead to
false diagnosis, major side effects, drug interactions,
misuse of drugs, even bacterial resistance, irrational
use of drugs, waste of resources, and increase in
polypharmacy.
 RATIONALE
The Covid-19 virus's symptoms include cough, fever,
lethargy, and headache which led them to extreme
consumption of over-the-counter drugs. This is also a
sudden result of having fear being isolated for couple of
days, when tested positive.
This pandemic left remarkable experiences to people of
Barangay Salog, Goa, Camarines Sur which lead them
to abrupt misuse of over-the-counter medicines.
 RATIONALE
Over-the-counter drugs also known as OTC or nonprescription
drug. These are drugs that can be legally obtained without a
prescription from a licensed medical practitioner. OTC drugs
are known to be effective and it is used to treat conditions that
do not require immediate medical treatment or monitoring.
They simply relieve the symptoms, but without proper
knowledge, it perhaps enable the underlying disease to
progress to a severe or fatal stage.
 RATIONALE
One of the factors of the misuse of OTC is poverty and
illiteracy. People use OTC medicines for the are
affordable and they are readily available in the market
and can be bought even without a prescription from a
licensed medical practitioner. They use OTC
medicines for they believed that it is always safe to
use.
 RATIONALE
Pharmacists, especially the community pharmacists, as
primary line of contact for patients plays a crucial role in
assisting patients, they have the chance to explain and
advise them regarding the appropriate OTC medication use.
Raising awareness about self-medication and its possible
effects is the most effective way to address this issue.
Providing enough knowledge through proper education on
how to self-medicate is an important step toward reducing
misuse and abuse consumption of over-the-counter
medicines.
 CASE DESCRIPTION
This case study investigates the potential impact of over-the-counter
(OTC) medication misuse among adult residents of Barangay Salog,
Goa, Camarines Sur. OTC medications are readily available for
purchase without a doctor's prescription and are intended for self-
treatment of minor ailments (Food and Drug Administration [FDA],
2018). However, improper use of these medications can lead to
serious health problems, including adverse drug reactions (ADRs),
delayed diagnoses of underlying conditions, and even addiction or
dependence (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2023).
 CASE DESCRIPTION
Potential Consequences of Misuse:
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): Taking OTC medications at the wrong dosage, for
the wrong duration, or in combination with other medications (prescription or
OTC) can lead to ADRs. These reactions can range from mild (stomach upset,
dizziness) to severe (organ damage, allergic reactions) (NIDA, 2023).
Delayed Diagnosis: Misusing pain relievers for persistent coughs, for instance,
might mask symptoms of a more serious respiratory problem, delaying proper
diagnosis and treatment. This can lead to worsened health outcomes (Thenmozhi
& Sharmil1, 2023).
Overdose: Exceeding recommended dosages can lead to overdoses, requiring
immediate medical attention (NIDA, 2023).
Addiction or Dependence: In some cases, misuse of certain OTC medications,
particularly those containing opioids or decongestants, can lead to dependence or
even addiction (NIDA, 2023).
 CASE DESCRIPTION

Several factors likely contribute to the prevalence of OTC medication

misuse in Barangay Salog, reflecting a broader public health concern
in the Philippines. Limited access to healthcare professionals in
Barangay Salog is a potential contributing factor. Residents seeking
relief from minor health concerns might rely on OTC medications
without proper guidance, increasing the risk of misuse.
PROBLEM
STATEMENT

Limited access to healthcare professionals is a potential concern in many

communities, and Barangay Salog, Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines, may be one such
example. This raises concerns about the potential misuse of over-the-counter (OTC)
medications, particularly among adult residents (aged 18-59). Abusing OTC
medications can lead to serious health problems, including memory loss, kidney
failure, heart problems, and even death (Addiction Center, 2023).
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The general objective of this health care case analysis is to assess the prevalence and contributing
factors of over-the-counter (OTC) medication misuse among adult residents of Barangay Salog,
Goa, Camarines Sur. To achieve this, the study will investigate specific practices surrounding self-
medication with OTC medications by addressing the following questions:

What is the primary knowledge of adults aged 18-59 in Barangay Salog

1.
regarding safe use of OTC medications?

What are the attitudes and beliefs of residents in Barangay Salog towards
2.
using OTC medications?

What self-medication practices with OTC medications are prevalent among

3.
residents of Barangay Salog, and what factors influence these practices?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to;

Advance the body of knowledge on self-medication and the

use of over-the-counter pharmaceuticals by providing
1.
education and high-quality healthcare services in areas with
low resources.

Serve as an eye opener to Food and Drug Administration to

be able to comprehend circumstances more effectively and
2.
recognize the real-life factors that affect people's use of
over-the-counter drugs.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to;
Encourage health practitioners like pharmacists, to educate
3. the public regarding the proper use of OTC medication and
prevent further misuse through patient counseling.

Inform the government that there is a need of revision on

health policies with wide-ranging goals concerning
improving the quality of medical care and services through
4.
cost-effective health management systems and to improve
the well-being of individuals confined in a recurrent cycle of
poverty and deteriorating health.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to;

Design proper knowledge and enlighten the society on the

5. use of over-the-counter drugs and health-care services
offered by licensed medical experts.

Improve patient safety through promoting better medical

6. practices, raising awareness of over-the-counter drugs, and
preventing any undesirable medical incidents.
METHODOLOGY
Overview
Quantitative study
Cross-sectional study
Stratified Sampling (Age)
Slovin’s Formula
Survey Questionnaire (Likert Scale)
Cronbach's Alpha (K.S. Taber, 2018)
internal consistency
Locale SALOG, GOA, CAMARINES SUR
Respondents of the study -Resident of Salog Goa,
Camarines Sur -Age range of 18-59 years old -The
respondent can be male or female
The Data Gathering will take place in the premise
of the barangay.
06
METHODOLOGY
Data Gathering Techniques

In determining the sample size, the researcher resorted to the Slovin’s Formula in which N denotes the size of the
population and the margin error of e denotes the allowed probability in committing and error in selecting a small
representative of the population.

In which the Formula is illustrated to be:

n= _____N_____
1 + e²

Where:
N= Population
n= Sample Size
e= Margin of Error

Back to Agenda 05
METHODOLOGY
Data Gathering Techniques

The Population of adults of Salog Goa, Camarines Sur and it's sample size:

N= 1,204
e= 5% Margin of Error

n= __ _1,204____
1 + 0.5²
n= 301

Back to Agenda 05
METHODOLOGY

Back to Agenda 05
METHODOLOGY

variance: The statistical measurement of the spread between

numbers in the data sheet

Back to Agenda 05
PROPOSED TIMELINE
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ANALYSIS
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