The more reactive halogen

ends up in the compound

E.g. Br2 + 2I- → 2Br- + I2
Weaker nuclear
Halogen displaces any halide which Halogens gain an electron attraction
is below it in the periodic table when they react
Displacement More electron shielding and
reactions larger atomic radius
Demonstrated by the Reactivity
reactions of sodium halides Less Oxidising Decreases Electronegativity
with sulfuric acid Decreases
2.3 GROUP 7(17) THE HALOGENS:
Increasing atomic radius
TRENDS DOWN THE GROUP and electron shielding
Halide ions have an
increasing reducing ability Boiling Point Electrons are less attracted
Demonstrated by to the larger atoms
physical states
Increases
Size of ion
increases
Fluorine (F2) - yellow gas Relative mass of the
More electron shielding and
Chlorine (Cl2) - green gas
molecules increases
weaker nuclear attraction

Bromine (Br2) - brown liquid Van der Waals

Electron more easily lost increase in strength
Iodine (I2) - grey solid AQA
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 NaClO used in water
treatment and bleach
Debate on whether chemicals
Form chloride ions should be added to water
and oxygen supplies 2NaOH + Cl2 → NaClO + NaCl + H2O
Water
treatment Bleach
In sunlight Disproportionation
With cold dilute
Reacts with Chlorine sodium hydroxide
water
Form chlorate and
chloride ions Applications
Bromide ppt dissolves in concentrated NH3
Cl2 + H2O ⇌ 2H+ + Cl- + ClO- 2.3 GROUP 7(17) Iodide ppt insoluble in concentrated NH3
Disproportionation THE HALOGENS
Chloride ppt dissolves in dilute NH3

Chlorate ions kill

bacteria Test for Halides Further testing by
adding ammonia(aq)
Precipitate (ppt) formed:
Add dilute nitric acid
followed by silver nitrate Fluoride - no ppt
Chloride - white ppt
Nitric acid removes ions which
will interfere with the test Bromide - cream ppt
Iodide - yellow ppt
AQA
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