Mewv101 Lecture 3 - Novo

Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment
and Information Technology

Engineering Drawing I – MEWV101 – Stefan van Aardt
Lecture 3 – Orthographic Projections

Orthographic Projection
▪ Definition
• Orthographic Projection is a way of
drawing an 3D object from different
directions
▪ Usually a front, side and top view are

drawn so that a person looking at the
drawing can see all the important sides
▪ Orthographic drawings are useful to

communicate a design in a
manufacturing environment
Modern Graphics Communication, 5th Edition, Giesecke, Hil, Spencer. Dygdon, Novark, Lockart, Goodman and Johnson
▪ Videos
• Orthographic projection symbols
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqoSJw_HwXE&feature=youtu.be
• Orthographic projection and why we use it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YtdGVzDFkw&feature=youtu.be
• First vs third angle projection 1
• https://youtu.be/bk2E8P33Ztc
• First vs third angle projection 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGjVnXgUpQM&feature=youtu.be
Necessary Views
▪ A sketch or drawing should contain only the views needed to clearly and
completely describe the object.
Revise - Projections
▪ Perspective – as your eyes see the world,
results in objects far away being smaller.
Provides more depth and easier to relate
to. For large parts, the distant features
may become unrecognizable. Cannot
compare features.
▪ Orthographic – Unambiguous method of
viewing the part and comparing features.
Actual representation of the part. A unit
measurement will remain the same
throughout
▪ One way to understand the
standard arrangement of views
on the sheet of paper is to
envision a glass box.
▪ If planes of projection were
placed parallel to each principal
face of the object, they would
form a box.
▪ To organize the views of a 3D
object on a flat sheet of paper,
imagine the six planes of the
glass box being unfolded to lie
flat.
▪ Lines extend around the glass
box from one view to another
on the planes of projection.
▪ These are the projectors from a
point in one view to the same
point in another view.
▪ First Angle Orthographic Projection
▪ First Angle Orthographic
Projection
Engineering Drawing Guide: for Students and Professional Engineers, 4th Edition, Sydney B Joelson
▪ Transferring Depth Dimensions
▪ First Angle
Example
Example
Example
Example
▪ Third Angle Orthographic Projection
▪ To understand the two systems, think of the
vertical and horizontal planes of projection, as
indefinite in extent and intersecting at 90° with
each other; the
▪ four angles produced are called the first, second,
third, and fourth angles (similar to naming
quadrants on a graph.)
▪ If the object to be drawn is placed below the
horizontal plane and behind the vertical plane, as
in the glass box you saw earlier, the object is said
to be in the third angle. In third-angle projection,
the views are produced as if the observer is
outside, looking in.
▪ Third Angle Orthographic
Projection
Third angle projection is

used
in the U.S., and Canada
1) Draw miter line at 45
degrees at a convenient
distance to produce the
desired view.
2) Sketch light lines
projecting depth locations for
points to miter line and then
down into side view as
shown.
3) Project additional points,
surface by surface.
4) Draw the view locating
each vertex of the surface
on the projection and miter
line.
▪ Third Angle Orthographic Projection
One - View
▪ How many views are necessary?
A sketch or drawing should only contain the views needed to clearly and
completely describe the object. Choose the views that show the shape most
clearly, have the fewest hidden lines, and show the object in a usual, stable, or
operating position.
One view drawing

One view drawing
of a connecting
of a shim
rod
Hidden Lines
▪ Thick, dark lines
represent features
of the object that
are directly visible.
Dashed lines
represent features
that would be
hidden behind
other surfaces.
Center marks and Center lines
▪ The centerline pattern is used to:
• show the axis of symmetry for

a feature or part
• indicate a path of motion
• show the location for bolt
circles and other circular
patterns
PRECEDENCE OF LINES
▪ A visible line always takes
precedence over and covers
up a centerline or a hidden
line when they coincide in a
view
(A and B).
▪ A hidden line takes
precedence over a centerline
(C).
Centerlines continued…
▪ Centerlines (symbol:
) are used to indicate
symmetrical axes of
objects or features,
bolt circles, and paths
of motion.
Examples and
Exercises:
• First angle orthographic projection
P.29 Example
• P.33 Question 1
• P.34 Question 2
• Third angle orthographic

projectionP.36 Example
• P.40 Question 1
• P.41 Question 2
• P.66 Sample Test Question 1

Mewv101 Lecture 3 - Novo

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Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment

and Information Technology

Lecture 3 – Orthographic Projections

▪ Usually a front, side and top view are

▪ Orthographic drawings are useful to

Third angle projection is

One view drawing

• show the axis of symmetry for

• Third angle orthographic

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