Advent Of Europeans

India
Chapter 1
Background

→ 1453→ Constantinople Fell Ottoman Turks

→ Land Routes to India → Controlled by ARABS
→ Red Sea trade Route → Islamic Rules cControlled it
→ RENAISSANCE in Europe
→ Prosperity grew in Europe
→ Demand for Oriental Goods increased
Portuguese (1500 – 1961) (1st to come & last to leave)
→ Prince of Portugal Henry “The navigation” → gave patronage to
Sailors to search New Sea Routes towards Eastern Countries
→ →
TREATY OF TODESILLAS (1494)
Portugal & Spain Divided Non-Christian world between them by an
Imaginary Line in Atlantic
(Some 1300 miles west of Cape Verde Islands)
→ Portugal → Claim East of the line
→ Spain → Claim West of the line

→ VASCO DA GAMA: Discovered Cape Route from Europe

To India
→ May 1498 → He Reached CALICUT PORT
Helped by → Abdul Majid ( Gujrati Pilot)
Received by → “ Zamin” Hindu Rules of Calicut
 → AT CANNANORE → Vasco-Da-Gama setup a trading factory

TRADING STATIONS Set up by

Portuguese

COCHIN
→ Early Capital of
Portugues
CALICUTT

CANNANO

GOA →Later Capital (Replaces

Cochin

DAMAN & DIU

→ FRANCISCO DE ALMEIDA → 1st Governor of Portuguese

(Term 1505 – 09) → Introduced BLUE WATER POLICY
(if powerful at Sea instead of building fortresses on Indian Land)
→Built Fort → At Cochin, Cannanore, Anjadiva(Island near sea)

→ ALFONSO DE ALBUQUERQE→ 2nd Portuguese Governor, Real Founder of

(Term 1509-15) Portuguese Power
→ Introduces Policy of Imperialism
→ 1510 → He captured Goa from Rules of Bijapur
→ Captured Malacca & Ceylon
→ Built fort at Calicut
→ → Banned Sati Pratha
→Nino-Da-Cunta→ Transferred Capital → Cochin to Goa (1530)
(1529-38) → Acquired → DIU & BASSEIN (in 1534) from Bahadur
Shah of Gujrat

Portuguese → →Daman, Salsette, Bombay

West Coast
Settlements East Coast
→ → Hooghly, Santhome (Near Madras)

Decline Of Portuguese (By End of 16th Century)

→ 1631→ Lost Hooghly from Qasim Khan (Mughal Noble of Shahjahan) → 1661→
King of Portugal gave Bombay to Charles-ii of England as Dowry

1668→ British East India Company Acquired Bombay from Charles-ii on lease

→ 1739→ Marathas Captured→ Salstte & Bassein

(i.e. By Peshwa Baji Rao-i)
→1961→ Till this time → Portuguese Retained only
Goa, Daman & Diu → Operation Vijay (Liberation of Goa)

Significance and Contribution Of Portuguese

→17th century→ Portuguese introduced various New Crops of Tobacco,
Maize, Chillies
→Mid 16 century→ 1st printing Press come to Goa, introduced by
th

Portuguese
→use of body armor, matchlock men
Dutch
→Carnel is de Houlman was the first Dutches man to reach
Suradra & Bandami
→1602→ Formation of dutch East India Company by charter
of Dutch Parliament
→ Charter gave Powers to make wars, conclude treaties,
acquire territories, build Fortresses

→ Masulipatnam(1605)
Dutch
Pulicot(1610)
Factories → Surat(1616)
Bimilipatnam(1641)
Karaikal(1645)
Nagapatnam, Patna, Balasore,
Kasimbazar(1658 All)
Cochin(1663)
→ By mid 17th century (1654)→British emerged(i.e. powerful)
→ 1759 → Battle Bederof → English defeated Dutch

English

→ 1599 → “Merchant Adventurers” or “East India Company” was formed by

merchants of London & few wealthy men from Aristocratic Society
→ EIC → Received ROYAL CHARTER from Queen Elizabeth-I to trade with East for
15 years
→ 1608 → EIC sent Captain William Hawkins to Jahangir’s court to seek
permission to open a factory at SURAT (west coast). Initially turned
down due to Portuguese influence.
→ 1615 → EIC sent Sir Thomas Roe → Now Jahangir gave permission to establish
factories at eastern coast as well (i.e. covering all parts of Mughal
empire)

Masulipatnam(1611)
Trading post/ Surat(1613)
Factory created →
Madras(1639)
→Fort St. George
Bombay(1668) → Bombay castle
Cacutta(1690)
→ Fort William(seat of Governance0

Hooghly →1st Factory(Trading Post) of Bengal

1651 →
Shah Shuja(Subedar of Bengal) gave company to carry out FREE TRADE
from Bengal
(But Company was required to pay Rs. 3000 Annually)

Some History of CALCUTTA

1690 → Job Charnok Established factory at SUTANATI
1696 → Factory at SUTANATI was fortified
1698 → Zamidari Rights of 3 villages SUTANATI,KALIKATA, & GOBINDPUR was acquired by
British
These villages → Later grew into city of CALCUTTA