HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMMES

Academic Year 2024: January-June

Formative Assessment 1: Introducing Industrial Psychology (HIND1181)
NQF Level, Credits: 5, 8
Weighting: 50%
Assessment Type: Short Questions
Educator: Marita Sabatier
Examiner: Marita Sabatier
Due Date: 28 March 2024
Total: 100 Marks

Instructions:
• This paper consists of five (5) questions, all questions are compulsory.
• It is based on Units 1 – 4 of your Introducing Industrial Psychology textbook.
• Take note of the mark allocation per question and use this as a guide when answering.
• When answering questions, do not type out the full question first, this is not necessary.
• Unless otherwise stated, you must use your own words when answering questions.
• A Copyleaks Report will be issued via ColCampus once the assignment is submitted.
Please ensure that you follow the correct steps when uploading your assignment, to
ensure that the Copyleaks Report is correctly issued. You should be working towards a
similarity rating of 30% or less. Where a Copyleaks Cheat Detection Report is issued,
your submission will automatically be treated as if you received a similarity rating in
excess of 30%. Currently no marks will be deducted for a similarity rating that exceeds
30%.
• Your assessment must be typed using:
o Font: Arial
o Font size: 12
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The following Learning Outcomes (LO’s) are assessed in this paper:

Unit 1:
• Identify concepts and schools of thought in the field of psychology.
• Describe the basic principles of managing people and their behaviour in organisations.

Unit 2:
• Describe the schools of thought in psychology and industrial psychology.
• Briefly explain some of the main theories pertaining to industrial psychology.

Unit 3:
• Identify and explain individual and group factors that influence organisational behaviour.
• Describe how the organisational structure affects individuals and groups.
• Discuss prominent theories of organisation behaviour and approaches in understanding
organisational processes and change.
• Apply theories of organisational behaviour to selected cases.

Unit 4:
• Discuss the dimensions of the career cycle.
• Discuss the various stages of career development.
• Explain the concept of career.

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 QUESTION 1 (25 Marks)
Until the 19th century, our understanding of behaviour mainly resulted through the study of
philosophy and physiology. Psychology began to be recognised as a science in own right, when
Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1879 in Germany.
Two major schools of thought in psychology then emerged in these early years.

1.1 Define and explain the difference between the two main schools of thought that developed
during the primary years of psychology. (10 marks)

According to the Oxford Dictionaries, well-being is defined as ‘the state of being comfortable,
healthy or happy.

1.2 Explain Carol Ryff’s position on psychological well-being. (5 marks)

According to researchers, managers use different leadership styles depending on the occasion.
Lewin identified three different leadership styles.

Read the following scenario, and answer the question to follow:

A group of students had a problem with one of their teachers. They tried to get an appointment
with the principal, but unfortunately, she was busy. Instead of waiting for the principal to have
time, they caused major damage to the administration building hoping that this would get them
heard.

1.3 Identify and explain the type of leader who will be most effective in a situation like this.
(5 marks)

Read the following scenario, and answer the question to follow:

Caitlin is the manager at a big company in South Africa. Once a month, she has a meeting with
her team to determine what has been working for them and what has not. Each month, the team
sits together to develop new plans and ideas to implement or remove. Caitlin believes that only
through constant communication and input from the team, can all individuals feel good and
respected within their workplace.

1.4 Identify and explain the type of leadership style presented by Caitlin. (5 marks)

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QUESTION 2 (25 Marks)
2.1 Discuss contemporary school of thought approach, which has developed into positive
organisational psychology. (6 marks)

2.2 The classical theories of I-O psychology emerged toward the end of the 19th century and
focused on managing people to improve efficiency.

2.2.1 Ford Motor Company was the first company to use this management style in its operations.
Identify and explain the classical theory of I-O psychology used by the Ford Motor
Company. (9 marks)

2.2.2 Outline the criticism to the management style you discussed in 2.2.1 above. (7 marks)

2.2.3 Provide an informed opinion on whether the style mentioned above is beneficial for all
(3 marks)

QUESTION 3 (23 Marks)

3.1 Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow:
Sam is the human resources officer for Henderson Steel Works with a diverse workforce of
eighty people. Each of these employees has their own individual character, styles of motivation,
and culture. Workforce diversity is a core focus in South African businesses. It is not in the
employees' or the organisation's best interest to expect the same problem-solving methods to
work in every South African organisation. Because organisations consist of a diverse workforce,
there is no one method that can be used to motivate all. The goal of the organisations is to
maximise profit generation, while at the same time ensuring that the diverse workforce can work
together effectively.

3.1.1 Explain to Sam Hofstede’s (1993) five (5) dimensions of cultural differences between
culture and management in organisations. (10 marks)

3.1.2 Explain your understanding of parochialism as a mode of thinking and give examples of
the negative outcomes of such thinking in the workplace (4 marks)

3.2 Identify the last stage of Tuckman’s pattern of group development and describe the
meaning of ‘mourning’ during this stage. (4 marks)
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 3.3 Differentiate between traditional and contingency management styles in organisations
according to McGraw Hill Education. (3 marks)

3.4 Identify your choice between the two management styles in question 3.3 and explain a
reason for choosing this management style. (2 marks)

QUESTION 4 (12 Marks)

Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:

Career Entry

Establishment &
Disengagement
advancement

Declining interest 4.1

Today many employees do not fit into the traditional stages of career development; proceeding
from a first job to retirement. Today, the progression through the career stages is perceived as
cyclical rather than horizontal (Baruch, in Coetzee and Roythorne-Jacobs, 2010: 46).
4.1 Identify the missing cyclical in the career stage according to Baruch (in Coetzee and
Roythorne-Jacobs, 2010: 46). (1 mark)

4.2 Outline the stage in the career cycle that you identified in 4.1 above. (6 marks)

4.3 You have decided to enter into a new career. Identify and explain the stage of this career
cycle. (5 marks)

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QUESTION 5 (15 Marks)
Tshepo is 62 years old and is beginning to worry about retirement. Tshepo has had a great
paying job at a business firm, but has not manage to save much money. The company has
informed everyone that they will be making some changes and he worries that he might be
asked to leave or step down.
For the last 15 years, Tshepo has been finding it difficult to keep up with technology and the
changes that the organisation is making. Tshepo knows that he is working a lot slower than most
and often needs to ask for assistance.Tshepo wonders if the company lets him go, what would
he do.

5.1 Identify the career stage Tshepo is in and discuss the challenges linked to this stage.
(10 marks)

5.2 Give your opinion of how you think Tshepo is experiencing this new phase in his career.
To answer this question you have to use both the scenario and the textbook. (5 marks)

TOTAL: 100 MARKS

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