3-bit Synchronous Counter

Submitted in fulfillment of requirements

of micro-project

Digital Techniques

By

“Aadie Gupta”
“Darshana Malusare”
“Gaurangi Madankar”

ROLL NO: - 55
56
57

ENROLLMENT NO: - 2209640226

2209640227
2209640228

SUBJECT INCHARGE
Mrs. Smita Bari

Computer Engineering Department

Academic Year 2023-2024

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the microproject

“3-bit Synchronous Counter”

is done by

“Aadie Gupta”
“Darshana Malusare”
“Gaurangi Madankar”

is submitted for

“Digital Techniques”

for
the diploma in Computer Engineering to the

Maharashtra State Board of Technology Education, Mumbai

(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)

___________ ____________
Subject In charge Head of Department

(Mrs. Smita Bari) (Mrs. Smita Kuldiwar)

 3-bit Synchronous Counter
Submitted in fulfillment of requirements
of micro-project

Digital Techniques

By

PROCESS AND INDIVIDUAL TOTAL

ROLL NAME ENROLLMENT PRODUCT PRESENTATION/ (10 marks)
NO NO ASSESMENT (6 WORK (4 marks)
marks)

55 AADIE 2209640226
GUPTA

56 DARSHANA 2209640227
MALUSARE

57 GAURANGI 2209640228
MADANKAR

SUBJECT INCHARGE
Mrs. Smita Bari

Computer Engineering Department

Academic Year 2023-2024

 COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
VISION AND MISSION OF THE PROGRAMME

VISION

To contribute to society through excellence in scientific & knowledgeable based

education of computer science professionals.

MISSION

M1: To transform students into technically components, socially responsible & ethical
computer science professionals.

M2: To promote a creative teaching-learning process that will strive for academic
excellence in the field of computer engineering.

M3: To enhance the technical expertise of students through workshop & industry-
institute interaction.
 COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES
PO1: Basic and Discipline specific knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic
mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization to
solve the engineering problems.

PO2: Problem analysis: Identify and analyse well-defined engineering problems

using codified standard methods.

PO3: Design/ Development of solutions: Design solutions for well-defined technical

problems and assist with the design of systems components or processes to meet
specified needs.

PO4: Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing: Apply modern engineering

tools and appropriate technique to conduct standard tests and measurements.

PO5: Engineering practices for society, sustainability and environment: Apply

appropriate technology in context of society, sustainability, environment and ethical
practices

PO6: Project Management: Use engineering management principles individually, as

a team member or a leader to manage projects and effectively communicate about
well-defined engineering activities.

PO7: Life-long learning: Ability to analyse individual needs and engage in updating
in the context of technological changes.
 COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PEO1: Provide socially responsible, environment friendly solutions to

Computer engineering related broad-based problems adapting professional
ethics.

PEO2: Adapt state-of-the-art Computer engineering broad-based technologies

to work in multidisciplinary work environments.

PEO3: Solve broad-based problems individually and as a team member

communicating effectively in the world of work.

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

PSO1: Computer Software and Hardware Usage: Use state-of-the-art
technologies for operation and application of computer software and hardware.

PSO2: Computer Engineering Maintenance: Maintain computer engineering

related software and hardware systems.
 3-bit Synchronous Counter
Aim

Design 3-bit synchronous counter.

Course Outcomes
1. Build simple sequential circuits.
2. Implemented 3-bit Synchronous Counter.

Proposed Methodology
 First, Search the topic for which you want to make a project, and then propose it to
the Subject In charge.

 After finalizing the topic, start gathering the information about your project.

 Recheck the program with the subject in charge.

 Now, it’s time to make a report of your Selected Project.

Action Plan
Sr. Detail of activity Plan Start Date Plan Finish Date
No.

1. Searching of Topic 25-09-2023 27-09-2023

2. Gathering Information 28-09-2023 30-09-2023

3. Report Making 11-10-2023 14-10-2023

Subject In-Charge
(Mrs. Smita Kuldiwar)
 3-bit Synchronous Counter
Rationale

A 3-bit synchronous counter is chosen for its ability to count up to a maximum of 8 states
(2^3), making it suitable for applications that require a limited range of sequential operations.
Its compact size and simplicity make it more resource-efficient compared to larger counters,
reducing hardware complexity and cost. In applications where a specific number of states or
events need to be tracked, a 3-bit counter provides a suitable balance between precision and
resource utilization.

Additionally, a 3-bit counter offers a manageable number of output lines, simplifying the
interfacing with other components in a digital system. This makes it easier to integrate into
larger circuits and enables efficient data processing.

Moreover, a 3-bit counter is well-suited for tasks that involve dividing or generating clock
frequencies. For example, it can be used to create a clock signal with a frequency that is a
fraction of the input clock, which is a common requirement in digital systems.

Overall, the choice of a 3-bit synchronous counter is driven by its optimal balance between
counting range, resource efficiency, and ease of integration into digital circuits.

Literature

Overview:

1. These types of counters fall under the category of synchronous controller counter.
2. Here the mode control input is used to decide whether which sequence will be
generated by the counter.
3. In this case, mode control input is used to decide whether the counter will perform up
counting or down counting.
4. Designing of such a counter is the same as designing a synchronous counter but the
extra combinational logic for mode control input is required.

Steps to design Synchronous 3 bit Up/Down Counter:

1. Decide the number and type of Flip Flop – Here we are performing 3 bit or mod-8
Up or Down counting, so 3 Flip Flops are required, which can count up to 23-1 = 7.
Here T Flip Flop is used.

2. Write excitation table of Flip Flop –

Previous Next State T

State (Qn) (Qn+1)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
3. Decision for Mode control input M – When M=0, then the counter will perform up
counting. When M=1, then the counter will perform down counting.

4. Draw the state transition diagram and circuit excitation table –

5. Circuit excitation table –

M Q3 Q2 Q1 Q3* Q2* Q1* T3 T2 T1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

If there is a change in the output state of a flip flop (i.e., 0 to 1 or 1 to 0), then the
corresponding T value becomes 1 otherwise 0.
6. Find a simplified equation using k map – Here we are finding the minimal Boolean
expression for each Flip Flop input T using k map.

7. Create a circuit diagram – The simplified expression for Flip Flops is used to design
circuit diagrams. Here all the connections are made according to simplified
expressions for Flip Flops.
 8. Waveform –

Actual Methodology Followed

Topi Work Done Data Work Done By

c
(Develop a program for Darshana Malusare
1. Searching of topic moving ball)

(Rationale, Aim, Applications, Gaurangi Madankar /

2. Gathering Information etc.) Darshana Malusare

Finalization of report Gaurangi Madankar

3. Report Making
Resources Required

Sr. No. Name of Resources Specification Qty. Remark

1. Computer Intel i3, 4GB RAM or 1 -

above

2. MS-Word Office 2007 or above 1 -

3. Reference Book DTE Nirali Publication 1 -

Skill Developed

Overall, designing a 3-bit synchronous counter provides practical experience in digital circuit
design, logical reasoning, problem-solving, and working with specialized programming
languages, all of which are valuable skills in fields like electrical engineering, computer
science, and embedded systems development.

Applications

1. Frequency Division

2. Digital Displays

3. Traffic Light Control

4. Sequential Logic Circuits

Subject In-charge
(Mrs. Smita Bari)