4654 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

2007, 46, 4654-4659

Experimental Determination and Calculation of Gas Solubility Data for Nitrogen

in Different Solvents
Anna Jabłoniec,† Sven Horstmann,‡ and Ju1 rgen Gmehling*,†
Department of Industrial Chemistry, UniVersity of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany, and Laboratory
for Thermophysical Properties (LTP GmbH), Marie-Curie-Strasse 10, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany

Gas solubility data (isothermal P-x data) for nitrogen in different solvents (n-hexane, 1-hexene, benzene,
toluene, acetone, propionic aldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, ethyl formate, methyl formate, n-butylamine,
diethylamine, dipropylamine, triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, acetonitrile) were measured using the static
synthetic method at temperatures from 303.15 K to 393.15 K, and pressures up to ∼3.5 MPa. From these
data, Henry coefficients were derived. The obtained data were compared to published data and used to fit
new group interaction parameters for the volume-translated Peng-Robinson (VTPR) group contribution
equation of state.

1. Introduction Table 1. Supplier, Purity, and Water Content for the Solvents Used

Reliable gas solubility information is required for the design purity water content
component supplier (GC %) (wt ppm)
and optimization of thermal separation processes (e.g., absorp-
tion columns) and chemical conversion processes (e.g., gas- n-hexane Merck 99.95 <16
1-hexene Acros 99.94 <18
liquid reactors). Thermodynamic models such as equations of benzene Roth 99.95 <16
state or group contribution equations of state (EoS) are widely toluene Roth 99.98 <17
used in commercial process simulators to calculate the required acetone Baker 99.95 n.a.a
phase equilibrium behavior of the multicomponent mixtures on propionic aldehyde Acros 99.95 n.a.a
the basis of binary information. For the application of these ethyl acetate Acros 99.94 <18
n-butyl acetate Acros 99.94 <18
models, the binary experimental phase equilibrium data and ethyl formate Aldrich 99.95 <17
group interaction parameters are required. methyl acetate Acros 99.95 <16
The predictive volume-translated Peng-Robinson (VTPR) n-butylamine Aldrich 99.96 <16
group contribution EoS by Ahlers and Gmehling1 combines the diethylamine Acros 99.95 <18
dipropylamine Aldrich 99.94 <17
Peng-Robinson (PR) EoS with the residual part of the UNIFAC triethylamine Riedel 99.95 <18
group contribution model2 by a new gE-mixing rule. Up to now, aniline Aldrich 99.96 <19
∼150 VTPR1,3-6 group interaction parameter pairs have been pyridine Aldrich 99.97 <17
fitted to describe the different mixture properties. acetonitrile Riedel 99.95 <16
For nitrogen solubilities in organic solvents, already several a Not available.
experimental data are available. However, for some of the VTPR
main groups, no experimental information is available yet. In
this work, gas solubility (isothermal P-x) data for nitrogen in
different organic solvents were measured and presented together
with the data of other authors and VTPR predictions using
parameters fitted to the new experimental data.

2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials. Nitrogen with a purity of 99.995% was
purchased from Messer Griesheim. It was used without any
further purification. The solvents were purchased from com-
mercial sources. They were dried over molecular sieve and then
distilled and degassed as described by Fischer and Gmehling.7
The final purities and water content were determined by gas
chromatography (GC) and Karl Fischer titration, respectively
(see Table 1). Figure 1. Scheme of the static gas-liquid equilibrium (GLE) apparatus.
2.2. Apparatus and Procedure. For the measurements of for different overall compositions. The apparatus used, which
the gas solubilities (isothermal P-x data) presented in this work, was already described in detail by Fischer and Wilken,8 can be
a static experimental setup was used (Figure 1). In this synthetic operated at temperatures of 200-500 K and pressures up to 15
method, the system pressure is measured at constant temperature MPa.
The quantities of pure substances charged into the stirred
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +49-(0)-
441-798-3831. Fax: +49-(0) 441-798-3330. E-mail address: gmehling@-
equilibrium cell, which is evacuated and placed in a thermostatic
tech.chem.uni-oldenburg.de. oil bath, must be known precisely to determine the global
† Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Oldenburg. compositions. The purified and degassed solvents are charged
‡ Laboratory for Thermophysical Properties (LTP GmbH).
into the cell as compressed liquids using thermostatted piston
10.1021/ie061258m CCC: $37.00 © 2007 American Chemical Society
Published on Web 05/17/2007
 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 46, No. 13, 2007 4655

Table 2. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + n-Hexane (2) Table 7. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Propionic
Aldehyde (2)
T ) 303.55 K T ) 348.15 K T ) 393.30 K
T ) 303.26 K T ) 363.19 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00000 25.654 0.00000 121.88 0.00000 396.92
0.00031 47.367 0.00098 187.39 0.00136 478.57 0.00000 52.274 0.00000 355.39
0.00167 146.50 0.00387 377.18 0.00707 785.18 0.00067 171.61 0.00089 473.70
0.00430 338.72 0.00923 732.39 0.01340 1127.9 0.00202 416.85 0.00275 712.78
0.00866 658.85 0.01634 1207.7 0.02227 1613.5 0.00446 860.81 0.00555 1073.4
0.01506 1132.3 0.02532 1815.7 0.03288 2203.1 0.00713 1350.1 0.00917 1542.3
0.02229 1673.5 0.04661 3296.9 0.05016 3182.4 0.01034 1942.8 0.01362 2121.5
0.03246 2445.4 0.01537 2883.8 0.01850 2761.5
0.04517 3428.6
Table 8. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Ethyl
Table 3. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + 1-Hexene (2) Acetate (2)
T ) 302.81 K T ) 363.20 K T ) 303.46 K T ) 363.19 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00000 30.217 0.00000 215.64 0.00000 16.957 0.00000 148.53
0.00155 149.92 0.00299 414.93 0.00068 130.53 0.00179 334.42
0.00429 362.91 0.00891 797.90 0.00206 362.02 0.00499 663.08
0.00912 741.79 0.01602 1262.4 0.00434 746.45 0.00877 1053.6
0.01524 1227.9 0.02496 1854.3 0.00730 1252.9 0.01342 1537.4
0.02304 1857.3 0.03398 2459.6 0.01093 1880.0 0.01830 2049.5
0.03202 2594.9 0.04492 3205.7 0.01527 2642.7 0.02560 2824.3

Table 4. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Benzene (2) Table 9. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + n-Butyl
Acetate (2)
T ) 303.01 K T ) 363.18 K
T ) 303.11 K T ) 363.19 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00000 16.176 0.00000 135.34
0.00070 177.21 0.00141 375.83 0.00000 2.039 0.00000 32.175
0.00196 467.29 0.00363 752.33 0.00118 141.68 0.00125 152.57
0.00398 936.67 0.00620 1192.0 0.00348 416.29 0.00382 402.16
0.00650 1528.0 0.00943 1748.3 0.00717 862.20 0.00810 821.04
0.00958 2264.0 0.01393 2530.4 0.01118 1351.7 0.01353 1357.6
0.01291 3071.0 0.02052 3691.1 0.01696 2068.7 0.02028 2034.8
0.02367 2918.4 0.02922 2946.7
Table 5. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Toluene (2)
Table 10. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Ethyl
T ) 303.45 K T ) 363.18 K
Formate (2)
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
T ) 303.78 K T ) 363.24 K
0.00000 4.961 0.00000 53.576
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00088 172.65 0.00078 170.15
0.00246 472.45 0.00249 425.85 0.00000 41.333 0.00000 301.45
0.00490 942.49 0.00542 864.76 0.00068 158.57 0.00082 424.98
0.00791 1526.8 0.00963 1503.2 0.00212 404.57 0.00263 690.74
0.01168 2271.3 0.01375 2134.0 0.00456 825.30 0.00508 1054.5
0.01507 2949.5 0.01877 2913.8 0.00756 1347.4 0.00823 1525.0
0.01128 2002.3 0.01160 2031.3
Table 6. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Acetone (2) 0.01643 2920.4 0.01580 2666.1
T ) 303.67 K T ) 363.19 K
Table 11. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Methyl
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa) Formate (2)
0.00000 39.959 0.00000 280.20 T ) 303.37 K
0.00049 145.90 0.00207 585.04
x1 P (kPa)
0.00162 391.22 0.00349 789.92
0.00365 838.23 0.00578 1120.3 0.00000 95.998
0.00624 1413.0 0.00902 1591.9 0.00043 192.45
0.00940 2126.0 0.01314 2195.3 0.00153 430.89
0.01313 2979.0 0.01777 2878.8 0.00340 840.72
0.00581 1370.7
0.00885 2044.4
injectors (model 2200-801, Ruska), which allow the precise
0.01273 2914.1
recording of volume differences. The gas then can be added
stepwise as a liquefied gas using an injection pump or as a
gaseous component using a thermo-regulated gas bomb (as it range: 0-3.5 MPa) and the temperature is monitored with a
was done for nitrogen). Knowing the pressure, temperature, and Pt100 resistance thermometer (model 1560, Hart Scientific). The
volume of the gas container, the amount of gas inside the experimental error in temperature is estimated to be σ(T) ) 0.05
container can be calculated using correlated PVT data of the K; in pressure, σ(P) ) 0.0005P + 100 Pa; and in composition,
gas (in this case, nitrogen). This means the injected amount of σ(x) ) 0.0001 The pressure sensor was calibrated with a
gas can be obtained from the pressure difference in the bottle pressure balance (model 21000, D&H).
before and after each injection. After equilibrium has been The evaluation procedure is quite complex and described in
reached, the pressure inside the cell is measured with a pressure detail by Fischer and Wilken.8 Because only temperature,
sensor (for this investigation, model PDCR 4010; pressure pressure, total loading, and total volume are measured, the
4656 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 46, No. 13, 2007

Table 12. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + n-Butylamine

(2)
T ) 303.81 K T ) 363.26 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00000 16.385 0.00000 152.80
0.00099 161.12 0.00196 381.91
0.00289 441.04 0.00505 747.23
0.00630 947.33 0.00874 1188.3
0.00966 1451.0 0.01321 1726.1
0.01424 2146.0 0.01796 2301.6
0.01834 2777.2 0.02411 3056.0

Table 13. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Diethylamine

(2)
T ) 303.29 K T ) 363.27 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00000 39.270 0.00000 285.16
0.00106 145.84 0.00172 427.91
0.00332 375.61 0.00528 720.30
0.00724 775.39 0.00997 1107.6
0.01243 1311.0 0.01560 1577.0
0.01872 1967.2 0.02190 2106.7
0.02612 2752.1 0.03125 2902.4

Table 14. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) +

Dipropylamine (2)
T ) 303.13 K T ) 363.24 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00000 4.642 0.00000 60.888
0.00204 170.75 0.00106 152.08
0.00509 421.79 0.00342 360.99
0.01023 848.05 0.00767 739.34
0.01674 1395.0 0.01314 1230.6 Figure 2. (A) Experimental and predicted vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)
0.02473 2077.4 0.01991 1846.4 data for N2 (1) + propane (2): literature data at (O,b) 173.15 K,10 (4,2)
0.03387 2874.4 0.02902 2686.6 260.00 K,11 (0,9) 330.00 K,12 and (s) VTPR. (B) Experimental and
predicted vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for N2 (1) + n-hexadecane
Table 15. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Triethylamine (2): literature data at (O,b) 462.70 K,13 (4,2) 623.70 K,13 (0,9) 703.40
(2) K,13 and (s) VTPR. The open symbols correspond to the liquid phase, and
T ) 303.49 K T ) 363.28 K the solid symbols correspond to the vapor phase.
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa) Table 17. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Pyridine (2)
0.00000 11.177 0.00000 101.75 T ) 303.18 K T ) 363.25 K
0.00166 138.84 0.00119 172.76
0.00492 390.99 0.00448 367.25 x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.01025 807.16 0.01026 710.25 0.00000 3.544 0.00000 45.187
0.01694 1336.8 0.01779 1162.3 0.00050 200.50 0.00049 190.24
0.02521 2002.4 0.02720 1734.6 0.00126 504.54 0.00147 478.43
0.03380 2708.9 0.03896 2461.8 0.00262 1054.5 0.00313 972.90
0.00419 1691.2 0.00519 1588.4
Table 16. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Aniline (2) 0.00602 2448.6 0.00758 2313.2
0.00810 3319.9 0.01045 3187.8
T ) 303.26 K T ) 363.24 K
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa) Table 18. Experimental P-x Data for Nitrogen (1) + Acetonitrile (2)
0.00000 0.589 0.00000 4.578 T ) 303.83 K T ) 363.27 K
0.00041 251.77 0.00036 236.10
x1 P (kPa) x1 P (kPa)
0.00105 637.37 0.00094 605.39
0.00196 1204.0 0.00181 1165.5 0.00000 15.034 0.00000 130.78
0.00305 1882.7 0.00278 1804.7 0.00048 161.71 0.00032 210.10
0.00430 2675.0 0.00395 2571.1 0.00142 449.44 0.00128 448.74
0.00571 3587.0 0.00531 3478.5 0.00292 913.89 0.00295 862.91
0.00481 1499.6 0.00509 1399.6
compositions of the coexisting phases must be determined by 0.00708 2211.2 0.00773 2064.2
evaluation of the raw data. From the known amount of solvent, 0.00992 3115.1 0.01103 2905.3
the liquid-phase volume is determined using precise information
about the density of the liquid solution inside the equilibrium the small amounts of solvents in the gas phase, the compress-
chamber. From the total volume of the cell, the remaining gas- ibility of the solvent under the gas pressure, the partial molar
phase volume can be calculated precisely. Under given equi- volume of the dissolved gas, and the solvent activity coefficient.
librium conditions (temperature, gas-phase volume, and gas They can be taken into account in two different ways, as
pressure), the amounts of gas in the gas phase, and, thus, also described by Fischer and Wilken.8 In the first method, all effects
in the liquid phase, are obtained. are considered in an iterative isothermal and isochoric algorithm
Several effects have an influence on the resulting liquid-phase by solving the mass and volume balances, whereas in the second
compositions and derived Henry coefficients. These effects are method, an EoS is used, which offer the advantage of providing
 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 46, No. 13, 2007 4657

Table 19. Henry Coefficients for Nitrogen in Different Solvents Table 20. VTPR Group Interaction Parametersa
Derived from the Experimental P-x Data
nb mb anm (K) bnm cnm (K-1) amn (K) bmn cmn (K-1)
T (K) H12_exp (MPa) H12_calc (VTPR) (MPa) 1 60 162.63 0.39962 0.0 51.147 -0.50797 0.0
n-Hexane 2 60 400.79 -4.1149 0.016468 259.50 -1.5087 0.00018157
303.55 72.41 70.58 3 60 277.06 0.0 0.0 123.67 0.0 0.0
348.15 64.85 62.67 4 60 181.10 0.0 0.0 44.364 0.0 0.0
393.30 52.28 51.98 9 60 519.50 13.972 0.0 277.51 -1.1482 0.0
10 60 1781.1 0.0 0.0 443.87 0.0 0.0
1-Hexene 11 60 475.59 0.0 0.0 57.400 0.0 0.0
302.81 77.07 75.61 12 60 530.27 0.0 0.0. 423.47 0.0. 0.0
363.20 63.21 63.21 14 60 261.60 0.0 0.0 411.02 0.0 0.0
Benzene 15 60 3986.7 0.0 0.0 -97.563 0.0 0.0
303.01 228.7 209.3 16 60 153.78 10.315 0.0 540.70 -2.3358 0.0
363.18 167.5 167.8 17 60 4471.0 0.0 0.0 4428.1 0.0 0.0
18 60 473.93 0.0 0.0 6.505 0.0 0.0
Toluene 19 60 233.21 0.0 0.0 509.47 0.0 0.0
303.43 189.1 177.2
nm (K) ) anm + bnmT + cnmT , where T is given in Kelvin. Main
a Par 2 b
363.17 147.9 151.6
groups for VTPR model are corresponding to former articles:1-6 1, CH2;
Acetone 2, CdC; 3, ACH; 4, ACCH2; 9, CH2CO; 10, CHO; 11, CCOO; 12, HCOO;
303.63 216.6 197.9 14, CNH2; 15, CNH; 16, (C)3N; 17, ACNH2; 18, pyridine; 19, CCN; and
363.19 140.9 147.4 60, N2.
Propionic Aldehyde
303.26 179.2 174.7
363.19 125.4 133.4
Ethyl Acetate
303.46 166.7 133.8
363.19 100.9 108.3
n-Butyl Acetate
303.11 118.6 116.6
363.19 96.31 103.3
Ethyl Formate
303.78 170.1 163.5
363.24 144.6 141.9
Methyl Formate
303.37 215.0 210.9
n-Butylamine
303.81 146.0 141.0
363.26 116.5 113.6
Diethylamine
303.29 100.4 82.73
363.27 80.33 77.48
Dipropylamine
303.13 81.49 99.09
363.24 87.76 99.68
Triethylamine
303.49 76.61 69.09
363.28 58.25 62.27
Aniline
303.26 605.7 636.7
363.22 637.9 559.2
Pyridine
303.18 396.3 376.0
363.25 293.2 289.9
Acetonitrile
303.83 304.6 293.9
363.27 245.0 234.6

the auxiliary desired quantities given previously. To test the
reliability of the data treatment, both methods were applied for
the investigated systems. In all cases, identical results were
obtained.
3. Results and Discussion
Figure 3. (A) Experimental and predicted P-x data for N2 (1) + n-hexane
(2) at (O) 303.56 K, (0) 348.15 K, (4) 393.30 K, and (s) VTPR. (B)
Experimental and predicted Henry coefficients for N2 (1) + n-hexane (2):
(O) derived from the P-x data in this work, (+) experimental data from
ref 14, (/) experimental data from ref 15, (×) experimental data from ref
16, (4) experimental data from ref 17, (]) experimental data from ref 18,
and (s) VTPR. (Experimental data taken from literature in the DDB
database.)

The experimental P-x data for the examined systems Tables 2-18. From these data, Henry coefficients (H12) were
(nitrogen + (n-hexane, 1-hexene, benzene, toluene, acetone, derived using the EoS data treatment approach by computing
propionic aldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, ethyl formate, f1
methyl formate, n-butylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, H12 ) lim ) φ∞1 PS2 (1)
triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, and acetonitrile)) are listed in x1f0 x1
4658 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Vol. 46, No. 13, 2007
Figure 4. (A) Experimental and predicted P-x data for N2 (1) + benzene
(2) at (O) 302.81 K, (4) 363.18 K, and (s) VTPR. (B) Experimental and
predicted Henry coefficients for N2 (1) in benzene (2): (O) derived from
the P-x data in this work, (+) experimental data from ref 19, (/)
experimental data from ref 20, (×) experimental data from ref 21, (4)
experimental data from ref 22, (]) experimental data from ref 23, and (s)
VTPR. (Experimental data taken from literature in the DDB database.)
where f1 is the gas fugacity, x1 the mole fraction of the gas in
the liquid phase, φ∞1 the fugacity coefficient of the gas at
infinite dilution, and PS2 the solvent vapor pressure. The values
obtained are listed in Table 19.
All additionally available gas-liquid equilibrium (GLE) and
vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for nitrogen + different
solvents were taken from the Dortmund Data Bank (DDB
2005).9 They were evaluated, reduced, and finally used together
with the new experimental data to fit the required VTPR group
interaction parameters, which are listed in Table 20. More-
detailed information on the parameter fitting procedure is given
by Jabloniec et al.6 The predicted Henry coefficients using the
VTPR model are included in Table 19.
While three isothermal data sets were measured for the
nitrogen + n-hexane system, two data sets were measured for
all other systems. Only in the case of the nitrogen + methyl
formate system, the experiment was performed at low temper-
ature (303 K), because methyl formate was found not to be
stable at higher temperatures.
Figures 2-5 show the experimental and calculated results
for selected systems. The applied experimental approach was
validated for the nitrogen + n-hexane system. The results for
this system are shown in Figure 3. As can be seen, good
agreement between the new experimental data, the VTPR
calculation, and the data taken from the literature is obtained.
In the case of the N2 + alkane system, only literature data were
used for fitting the group interaction parameters. For the VLE
behavior for the nitrogen + propane (Figure 2A) and nitrogen
Figure 5. (A) Experimental and predicted P-x data for N2 (1) + n-butyl
acetate (2) at (O) 303.11 K, (4) 363.19 K, and (s) VTPR. (B) Experimental
and predicted Henry coefficients for N2 (1) in n-butyl acetate (2): (O)
derived from the P-x data in this work, (0) experimental data from ref
24, and (s) VTPR. (Experimental data taken from literature in the DDB
database.)
+ n-hexadecane (Figure 2B) systems, some literature data are
graphically compared to the VTPR calculations. As can be seen,
the results of the group contribution EoS VTPR are in good
agreement with experimental data for symmetric as well as for
asymmetric systems.
The Henry coefficients derived from the experimental P-x
data are included in the figures, together with the available
literature data. For all presented examples, a typical temperature
dependence of the Henry coefficient is observed. The Henry
coefficients increase with temperature (solubility of nitrogen
decreases for given partial pressure) until a maximum value is
attained. From this point, the Henry coefficients become smaller
with increasing temperature. The VTPR model can represent
this behavior. The temperature of the minimum solubility is
dependent on the volatility of the components involved.
Furthermore, the effect of temperature on solubility is sensitive
to the intermolecular forces of the solute-solvent system, which
is expressed by the binary interaction parameters of the VTPR
model developed by Ahlers and Gmehling.1 The data from the
literature is in good agreement with the Henry coefficients
derived from the new experimental data, which can be seen as
a proof for the reliability of the data measured in this work.
Furthermore, the temperature and pressure dependence of the
solubility, as well as the derived Henry coefficients for the
measured systems, can correctly be described with the VTPR
model.
4. Conclusions
Accurate gas solubility data (isothermal P-x data) for
nitrogen in different solvents (n-hexane, 1-hexene, benzene,

toluene, acetone, propionic aldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-butyl
acetate, ethyl formate, methyl formate, n-butylamine, diethy-
lamine, dipropylamine, triethylamine, aniline, pyridine,
acetonitrile) were measured in the temperature range of 303-
393 K and pressures up to 3.5 MPa with a static synthetic
method. The reliability of the experimental data was validated
by a comparison with published experimental data. The required
group interaction parameters for the volume-translated Peng-
Robinson (VTPR) model were regressed to the new experi-
mental data and all available data taken from the literature. All
systems examined can be described reliably by the VTPR model,
which is proof of the consistency of this model.
The observed results show that the static synthetic method
for the determination of gas solubility data is a suitable method
to extend the database for the development of group contribution
equations of state, such as VTPR.
Acknowledgment
The authors thank the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller
Forschungsvereinigungen” (AIF Project No. 13885N) for fi-
nancial support. Also the technical assistance of Marco Stein-
mann is gratefully acknowledged.
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tion equation of state. II. Prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria for
asymmetric systems. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 3489.
(2) Hansen, H. K.; Rasmussen, P.; Frendenslund, A.; Schiller, M.;
Gmehling, J. Vapor-liquid equilibria by UNIFAC group contribution. 5.
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(3) Ahlers, J.; Gmehling, J. Development of a universal group contribu-
tion equation of state. III. Prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria, excess
enthalpies, and activity coefficients at infinity dilution with the VTPR model.
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 5890.
(4) Ahlers, J.; Yamaguchi, T.; Gmehling, J. Development of a universal
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ReceiVed for reView September 28, 2006
ReVised manuscript receiVed March 12, 2007
Accepted April 3, 2007
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