SUBJECT / COURSE

S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | SEM #Q# | MAIN REFERENCE WEEK #: LESSON NAME

– SEM # Q# WEEK # –
1.0 MAIN TOPIC #1 ● File Tab > Page Setup
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● Key info / terminology 3.3 FORMAT SETUP

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TABULAR NOTES ( Insert Tab > Table ) 3.4 CHANGING ICON ON THE UPPER LEFT
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@WONRIKA IMPORTANT NOTES - Replace it with any element/picture of
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have fun using this! in this transes, the subject/course
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3.1 HOW TO ACCESS & EDIT THE TEMPLATE

● File Tab > Make a Copy
- Click the File tab on the upper left side,
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3.6 CONTENT
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– Sample Transes in Pink Color Palette –
1.0 SHORT RECALL : PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PPT | LECTURE | TEXTBOOK : CAMPBELL’S BIOLOGY 8TH EDITION GBIO SEM1 Q2 REVIEWER PAGE 1
 SUBJECT / COURSE
S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | SEM #Q# | MAIN REFERENCE WEEK #: LESSON NAME

- Reduce NADP+ to NADPH

- Generate ATP from ADP by
1.1 EQUATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS phosphorylation
● Illustration of Light reactions in the
● Photosynthesis can be summarized as the chloroplast:
following equation:

1.2 TWO STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

● Photosynthesis consists of the following

stages:
1. Light reactions / Light-dependent
reactions
- Requirement of light energy.
2. Calvin cycle / Light-independent
reactions / Dark reaction
- NO requirement of light
energy.

TWO STAGES : A BRIEF OVERVIEW

LIGHT CALVIN
REACTIONS CYCLE

Location Thylakoid Stroma Before thoroughly discussing the steps involved in the
light reactions, let us first understand the concept of
Requirement Light energy; ATP; how pigments absorb light and the photosystems
/ Reactants Water (H2O) NADPH present in the thylakoid membrane.
Products Oxygen (O2); Ribulose (You can skip 2.2 - 2.3 if 4.0 - 4.1 of Q2W3 has already
ATP; bisphosphate been reviewed.)
NADPH (RuBP);
Glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate 2.2 EXCITATION OF CHLOROPHYLL BY LIGHT
(G3P);
Water (H2O) ● Aside from the fact that light travels in waves,
light does behave in particles. We call them
2.0 LIGHT REACTIONS “photons.”

– Sample Transes in Pink Color Palette –

2.1 A BRIEF OVERVIEW 1.0 ATP POWERS CELLULAR WORK

● The Light reactions (in the thylakoids): ● A cell performs three primary types of work:
- Split H2O 1. Chemical: Involves the construction or
- Release O2
breakdown of molecules.

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 SUBJECT / COURSE
S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | SEM #Q# | MAIN REFERENCE WEEK #: LESSON NAME

2. Transport: After the formation of a

molecule, it needs to be transported to
a specific cellular location for a
particular cellular function.
3. Mechanical: Work associated with
movement or locomotion within the
cell.
● To do work, cells manage energy resources by
energy coupling.
● Energy coupling: cycle of using the exergonic
process to drive an endergonic process.
● Most energy coupling in cells is mediated by
ATP.
2.0 THE STRUCTURE OF ATP
● ATP (adenosine triphosphate), is the energy
currency/energy shuttle of the cell.
3.0 HYDROLYSIS OF ATP
● The bonds between the phosphate groups of
ATP’s tail can be broken by hydrolysis.
● Hydrolysis: Water (H2O) is used to break down
that bond and release the energy stored.
● Energy is released from ATP when the terminal
phosphate bond is broken.
● This release of energy comes from the
chemical change to a state of lower free
energy (exergonic process), not from the
phosphate bonds themselves.
● The result of hydrolyzing ATP would be:
1. ADP (adenosine diphosphate):
contains adenine, ribose, and two
phosphate groups.
2. Inorganic phosphate: refers to the
released phosphate group.
3. Energy released from the bond.

2.1 THREE COMPONENTS OF ATP

● ATP is composed of three basic molecules.

1. Ribose: five-carbon/pentose sugar;
carbohydrate
2. Adenine: a nitrogenous base (others:
thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)
3. Phosphate group/Phosphoric acid:
phosphorus atom bonded to four
oxygen atoms; a maximum of three
phosphate groups can be present in
one ATP molecule.

4.0 HOW ATP PERFORMS WORK

● The three types of cellular work (mechanical,

transport, and chemical) are powered by the
hydrolysis of ATP
● Overall, the coupled reactions are exergonic.

2.2 ENERGY IN ATP

● The energy in ATP is present in the energized

bonds between each of the phosphate groups.
● The bond that stores the highest amount of
energy is in the third bond.
● To release the energy that is stored in the
energized bonds, the ATP molecule has to
undergo a process of hydrolysis.

PPT | LECTURE | TEXTBOOK : CAMPBELL’S BIOLOGY 8TH EDITION GBIO SEM1 Q2 REVIEWER PAGE 3