Article

pubs.acs.org/IECR

Solubility of Oxygen in Organic Solvents and Calculation of the

Hansen Solubility Parameters of Oxygen
Takashi Sato, Yuzo Hamada, Masaru Sumikawa, Sadao Araki, and Hideki Yamamoto*
Department of Chemical, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Urban Engineering, Kansai
University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan

ABSTRACT: The solubility of oxygen in 21 pure organic solvents was measured at 298.2 K and 101.33 kPa using the static
method. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of oxygen were determined from the measured solubilities in the pure
solvents. The HSPs of oxygen were δd = 6.7 MPa1/2, δp = 0.0 MPa1/2, and δh = 3.8 MPa1/2, where d, p, and h stand for dispersion
forces, dipole interaction, and hydrogen bonding, respectively. A linear relationship between the log of the gas solubility (log xG)
in pure solvents and the difference between the HSP values of oxygen and the pure solvents was obtained with a high correlation
coefficient of 0.944. In addition, the solubilities of oxygen in mixed solvents were measured, and these were compared with the
oxygen gas solubility calculated from the HSPs of oxygen.

1. INTRODUCTION 2. HANSEN SOLUBILITY PARAMETER

The solubility of oxygen in organic solvents is an important The solubility parameter δt (MPa1/2) used in this study is
property for the development of chemical plants and the quality defined as8
control of solvents in many industries, such as the petroleum,
food, and semiconductor industries. For example, molecular δt = (E /V )1/2 (1)
oxygen in hydrocarbon feed stocks plays a key role in fouling where E (J) is the liquid cohesion energy and V (cm /mol) is 3
and corrosion of refinery units.1 Dissolved oxygen also the molar volume. Hansen divided the cohesion energy E (J) of
contributes to shortening of the shelf life of refinery fuel the Hildebrand solubility parameter into three terms, dispersion
products owing to deposit and sediment formation. The interactions Ed (J), dipole interactions Ep (J), and hydrogen-
solubilities of gases in alcohols have attracted particular bonding interactions Eh (J), which can be expressed by9
attention in connection with the mechanism of general
anesthesia.2 In the liquid-phase oxidation of toluene, the E = Ed + Ep + E h (2)
oxygen partial pressure in the industrial reactors must be
controlled at a very low concentration for safety.3 Hence, the δd = (Ed /V )1/2 , δp = (Ep/V )1/2 , δ h = (E h /V )1/2
solubility of oxygen is essential information for the design and (3)
optimization of this gas−liquid oxidation reactor, especially the
solubility data under reaction pressure and temperature. δt 2 = δd 2 + δp2 + δ h 2 (4)
The Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) have recently
attracted attention as physical properties for the solubility in where δd (MPa1/2), δp (MPa1/2), and δh (MPa1/2) are the
various solvents. The relationship between the HSPs and dispersion force, the dipole interaction force factor, and the
solubility has been reported, such as for C60 fullerene4 and an hydrogen-bonding force factor of the HSP, respectively.
asphaltene5 in various solvents. HSPs have been reported not Quantitative solubility can be represented by Ra (MPa1/2),
only for organic solvents but also for many other substances, which is the distance between the HSPs of two substances in
such as polymers6 and inorganic nanoparticles.7 However, there the three-dimensional (3D)-HSP diagram:
are few reports on the HSPs of gases, and a method for
R a = [4(δd1 − δd2)2 + (δp1 − δp2)2 + (δ h1 − δ h2)2 ]1/2
calculating the HSPs of gases has not been established.
Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship (5)
between gas solubility and the HSPs has not been reported. A small Ra for a solute and solvent indicates that the solute will
In this work, the solubility of oxygen in pure organic solvents have high solubility in the solvent because the interaction forces
was measured at 298.2 K and 101.33 kPa with the static acting between solute molecules and between solvent
method. We propose a new method for calculating the HSPs of molecules are similar. Conversely, a large Ra value indicates
gases, and the HSPs of oxygen were calculated using this that the solute will have low solubility in the solvent.
method. In addition, the solubility of oxygen in mixed solvents
was measured, and the results were compared with the Received: June 12, 2014
calculated value from the HSPs. The purpose of this work is Revised: July 21, 2014
to report the relationship between the solubility of oxygen in Accepted: August 22, 2014
some solvents and the HSPs. Published: August 25, 2014

© 2014 American Chemical Society 19331 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie502386t | Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 19331−19337
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for gas solubility measurement.
The HSPs of the pure organic solvents were obtained from
the Hansen database.9 The solubility parameters of a mixed
solvent can be calculated by the following equation:
δi = ϕ1δi1 + ϕ2δi2
where ϕ is the volume fraction of each of the mixed solvents
and the subscripts 1 and 2 represent components 1 and 2,
respectively. The subscript i represents d, p, or h (i.e., δi
represents the dispersion interaction, dipole interaction, or
hydrogen-bonding interaction factors).
Generally, the HSP values are calculated by the molecular
group contribution method10 and/or the Hansen solubility
sphere.4 However, the HSPs of oxygen are unable to be
calculated by the group contribution method. The values have
not been reported in the literature, and a calculation method
for the HSP of gases is not available. In this work, the HSP
values for gases are calculated using the relationship between
the solubility and the difference of the HSP values of each
component. The HSP values of oxygen were determined from
the solubility in several pure solvents and the solvent’s HSP
values.
Hansen reported that the relative energy difference (RED)
number and the solubility of C60 fullerene were correlated.11
The RED number is expressed as
RED = R a /R 0
where R0 (MPa1/2) is the radius of the Hansen solubility sphere
in the 3D-HSP diagram. When the RED number is ≤1, the
Article
solvent is a good solvent. When RED is >1, it is a poor solvent.
Thus, the RED number can be used as an indicator of solubility.
The solubility and Ra value are correlated because the RED
number and the solubility are correlated. The HSPs of oxygen
(6) were calculated from the solubility of oxygen in the organic
solvents. The detailed procedure for the calculation method of
the HSP of oxygen is as follows. First, the oxygen solubilities
(mole fraction) in organic solvents with known HSPs are
measured. After we assumed the HSP values of oxygen, Ra was
calculated from the HSP values of oxygen and the solvents. The
correlation coefficient between Ra and the logarithmic solubility
was calculated. Finally, the HSPs of oxygen were determined to
obtain the largest correlation coefficient. The correlation
coefficient was calculated using the following equation:
n
∑i = 1 (xi − x*)(yi − y*)
R=
n n
[∑i = 1 (xi − x*)2 ][∑i = 1 (yi − y*)2 ] (8)
where x and y are data groups 1 and 2 and where x* and y* are
arithmetic averages of x and y.
3. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
3.1. Materials. Oxygen gas (Taiyo Nippon Sanso Co.,
Tokyo, Japan, purity of >99.999 vol %) was used without
(7) further purification. The organic solvents used in this work
were manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, N,N-
dimethylacetamide, and N,N-dimethylformamide were reagent
19332 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie502386t | Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 19331−19337
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Article

grade. 1-Butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, ethylene (L) is defined as the ratio of the volume of gas (VG) absorbed
glycol, propylene glycol, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, to the volume of the absorbing liquid (VL), that is,
cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, and dichloromethane were L = VG/VL (9)
Wako special grade. All of the solvents were degassed by
distillation for 90 min before gas dissolution. The molar volume of solvent before gas dissolution (VS) was
3.2. Experimental Apparatus. A schematic diagram of the calculated from the mass (mSA) and density (ρSA) of the solvent
experimental apparatus used for the gas solubility measure- before gas dissolution:
ments is shown in Figure 1. The apparatus is based on the static
method,12−14 and it was possible to calculate the gas solubility VS = mS A /ρS A (10)
by measuring the volume of gas dissolved in degassed solvent. In the same way, the molar volume of the solvent after gas
This apparatus consisted of a degassing flask, a low-temperature dissolution (VS2) was calculated from the mass (mSB) and
circulating bath (Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Ltd., CA-1112), a density (ρSB) of the solvent after gas dissolution:
vacuum pump (ULVAC Kiko Inc., G-100D), a stainless steel
gas pump, a glass equilibrium cell, a Druck precision pressure VS2 = mS B /ρS B (11)
indicator (GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies and GE
The volume of gas in the gas pump before and after gas
Optimization and Control, DPI-150), a low-temperature
dissolution (V1A and V1B, respectively) can be expressed as
circulator (Tokyo Rikakikai Co., Ltd., CTP-1000), and a
constant temperature bath. The pipe arrangement, stainless V1 A = V1P1 A /P (12)
steel tube, ferrule, and valve were manufactured by Swedgelok.
The equilibrium cell was made of Pyrex glass. The volume of V1B = [V1 A − (π /4)D2(hA − hB)/P]P1B/P (13)
the equilibrium cell was about 200 cm3. It was attached by
greaseless valves to enable it to be removed from the apparatus The partial pressure of the gas at equilibrium was (P2B)
while maintaining the vacuum. By 1 mm in a vertical direction calculated from the equilibrium pressure P2 and vapor pressure
with one rotation, the inner volume of the gas pump changed of the solvent (PS − P0):
803.8 mm3. The dissolved gas in the solvents was degassed by P2 B = P2 − (PS − P0) (14)
reduced-pressure distillation under total reflux for 90 min using
a degassing flask and condenser. The density of the solvents The volume of gas in the equilibrium cell (V2B) can be
was measured by a portable density meter (Anton Paar, expressed as
DMA35N). The accuracy of the temperature measurements V2 B = (V0 − VS2)P2 B/P (15)
around the equilibrium cell in the constant temperature bath
full of water was ±0.02 K. The temperature was measured by The volume of dissolved gas in the solvent was calculated from
precision thermometers (Automatic Systems Laboratories, eqs 12−15:
F201).
3.3. Experimental Procedure. The solvent in the VG = (V1 A − V1B − V2 B)P /P2 B (16)
degassing flask was degassed by distillation for 90 min under The Ostwald coefficient was converted to a mole fraction by
total reflux. The solvents were degassed by opening valve V3 at the following equation:
regular intervals under pressure from a vacuum pump. The
degassed solvent was moved from the degassing flask to the xG = (RT /PVLL + 1)−1 (17)
equilibrium cell through the pipe arrangement. Valves VA and where R, T, P, and VL are the gas constant, temperature,
VB were closed. The equilibrium cell was removed from the standard pressure, and molar volume of the solvent before gas
apparatus, and the weight of solvent in the equilibrium cell was dissolution, respectively.
measured. The equilibrium cell was then reattached to 3.5. Measurement Accuracy. The standard uncertainty of
apparatus, and it was maintained at 298.2 K in a thermostat the mole fraction of oxygen was calculated to confirm the
bath. After the vapor pressure of the solvent was measured, accuracy of the measured value of the gas solubility. The
oxygen gas was introduced into the gas pump and pipe standard uncertainty was calculated by15
arrangement at 101.33 kPa. The gas was introduced into the
n
equilibrium cell by opening valve V6, and gas dissolution ∑i = 1 (Xi ,m − Xi)2
started. When dissolving gas in solvent, valves VA, V5, and V9 u(xi) =
(n − 1) (18)
were closed and valves VB, V7, and V8 were opened. The total
pressure was maintained at 101.33 kPa by changing the volume where Xi is a series of observed value, Xi is arithmetic average of
of the gas pump. The process of dissolving the gas by opening Xi, and n − 1 is the degree of freedom. Equation 18 is used
valve V6 was repeated at regular intervals. The operation of when standard uncertainty is calculated by experimental
opening valve V6 was repeated is because solvent in the standard deviation. Experimental standard deviation estimated
equilibrium cell prevented it from flowing out to the gas pump from frequency is evaluated by duplicate measurements.
side. It was considered that the solution had reached
equilibrium when the pressure drop by opening V6 was 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
≤0.013 kPa. The composition of the mixed solvents was 4.1. Solubility of Oxygen in Pure Organic Solvents.
determined by gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-17A). The solubility of oxygen in the 21 pure organic solvents was
3.4. Calculation of the Gas Solubility. The gas measured at 298.2 K and 101.33 kPa. The solubilities of oxygen
solubilities are expressed in terms of the Ostwald coefficient and the standard uncertainties are shown in Table 1. The
because the experimental apparatus is able to measure the solubility values are the average of three measurements. The
volume of dissolved gas in the solvent. The Ostwald coefficient standard uncertainty was calculated using the measured
19333 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie502386t | Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 19331−19337
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Article

Table 1. Solubility of Oxygen in Pure Organic Solvents at The HSPs of oxygen were calculated in such a way that the
298.2 K and 101.3 kPa and Standard Uncertainty of the correlation coefficient of log xG (logarithm of oxygen solubility
Measured Values in the pure organic solvents) and Ra (3D-HSP distance between
oxygen and solvents) was the highest. The log xG and Ra values
solvent solubility of oxygen, xG standard uncertainty, u
are shown in Figure 2. The correlation coefficient between the
methanol 4.15 × 10−4 5.77 × 10−6
ethanol 5.71 × 10−4 2.73 × 10−5
1-propanol 6.76 × 10−4 2.73 × 10−5
2-propanol 7.78 × 10−4 5.33 × 10−5
1-butanol 7.76 × 10−4 1.66 × 10−5
2-butanol 8.34 × 10−4 7.26 × 10−6
1-pentanol 8.76 × 10−4 1.35 × 10−5
1-hexanol 9.60 × 10−4 1.86 × 10−5
ethylene glycol 7.23 × 10−5 5.03 × 10−6
propylene glycol 1.86 × 10−4 7.77 × 10−6
pentane 2.65 × 10−3 7.22 × 10−5
hexane 2.25 × 10−3 6.66 × 10−5
heptane 2.19 × 10−3 4.73 × 10−5
octane 2.17× 10−3 2.19 × 10−5
cyclohexane 1.28 × 10−3 4.41 × 10−5
benzene 8.20 × 10−4 6.67 × 10−6
Figure 2. Relationship of the distance between the HSPs of oxygen
toluene 9.81 × 10−4 6.67 × 10−6 and solvents and the solubility of oxygen in the pure organic solvents.
dichloromethane 7.09 × 10−4 4.33 × 10−5
acetone 8.71 × 10−4 1.76 × 10−5
logarithmic solubility of oxygen in the solvents and the Ra value
N,N-dimethylformamide 3.89 × 10−4 3.33× 10−6
calculated using the HSP values of oxygen and the solvents was
N,N-dimethylacetamide 4.82 × 10−4 3.54 × 10−6
0.944. This indicates a good correlation between the HSP
values and the solubility of oxygen. The HSPs of oxygen were
solubility of oxygen. In general, the solubility of oxygen determined to be δd = 6.7 MPa1/2, δp = 0.0 MPa1/2, δh = 3.8
increased with increasing alkyl chain length for alcohols, while it MPa1/2, and δt = 7.7 MPa1/2. The δd solubility parameter is the
decreased with increasing alkyl chain length for alkanes. dispersion interaction. The δd parameter of oxygen is smaller
Conversely, the solubility of oxygen in N,N-dimethylformamide than that of the solvents because oxygen has weak dispersion
was less than in N,N-dimethylacetamide. interactions. The δp parameter of oxygen was 0.0 MPa1/2
4.2. Calculation of the HSPs of Oxygen. The HSPs of because oxygen does not have a dipole. Even though oxygen
oxygen were calculated using the measured oxygen solubilities has no hydrogen atoms, the δh parameter of oxygen was 3.8
in the 21 pure organic solvents. The logarithm of the oxygen MPa1/2 because it is suggested that the oxygen molecules form
solubility and the HSPs of the solvents are shown in Table 2. hydrogen bonds with other molecules. Hansen reported that
the δh parameters are not zero for some substances with no
Table 2. Solubility of Oxygen in Pure Organic Solvents and hydrogen bonding.9
HSPs of the Organic Solvents 4.3. Calculation of Oxygen Solubility in Organic
Solvents. The oxygen solubility in the pure organic solvents
δd δp δh was calculated using the HSPs of oxygen. From Figure 2, the
solvent log xG [MPa1/2] [MPa1/2] [MPa1/2] relationship between Ra and log xG for oxygen is
methanol −3.38 14.7 12.3 22.3
ethanol −3.24 15.8 8.8 19.4
log xG = (− 8.89 × 10−2)R a − 1.10 (19)
1-propanol −3.17 16.0 6.8 17.4 The measured solubility of oxygen and the solubility calculated
2-propanol −3.11 15.8 6.1 16.4 using the HSPs for the 21 solvents are shown in Table 3. The
1-butanol −3.11 16.0 5.7 15.8 average difference between the measured and calculated values
2-butanol −3.08 15.8 5.7 14.5 was 2.18%, and the maximum deviation was 4.57%. For alkane
1-pentanol −3.06 15.9 5.9 13.9 solvents, the average difference between the measured and
1-hexanol −3.02 15.9 5.8 12.5 calculated values was 1.37%, indicating that the calculated
ethylene glycol −4.14 17.0 11.0 26.0 results are good. For alcohol solvents, the average difference
propylene glycol −3.73 16.8 10.4 21.3 between the measured and calculated values was 2.17%. The
pentane −2.58 14.5 0.0 0.0 differences between the measured and calculated values of
hexane −2.65 14.9 0.0 0.0 oxygen gas solubility in methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol
heptane −2.66 15.3 0.0 0.0 were 4.57%, 3.96%, and 4.20%, respectively. This suggested that
octane −2.66 15.5 0.0 0.0 solvents with high δh values tend to have the largest differences
cyclohexane −2.89 16.8 0.0 0.2 between the measured and calculated values.
benzene −3.09 18.4 0.0 2.0 The group contribution method for estimating the gas
toluene −3.01 18.0 1.4 2.0 solubility was used for the various solvents. Group parameters
dichloromethane −3.15 17.0 7.3 7.1 for each group are required to estimate the physical properties
acetone −3.06 15.5 10.4 7.0 using the group contribution method. The group parameters
N,N-dimethylformamide −3.41 17.4 13.7 11.3 for the solubility of oxygen have been reported in a few group
N,N-dimethylacetamide −3.31 16.8 11.5 9.4 contribution methods, such as the universal quasichemical
19334 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie502386t | Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 19331−19337
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Article

Table 3. Calculated and Measured Solubilities of Oxygen in

Pure Organic Solvents
log xG
solvent observed calculated deviation [%]
methanol −3.38 −3.54 4.57
ethanol −3.24 −3.37 3.96
1-propanol −3.17 −3.24 2.12
2-propanol −3.11 −3.14 1.08
1-butanol −3.11 −3.13 0.74
2-butanol −3.08 −3.05 1.09
1-pentanol −3.06 −3.04 0.59
1-hexanol −3.02 −2.98 1.18
ethylene glycol −4.14 −3.97 4.20
propylene glycol −3.73 −3.65 2.12 Figure 4. Calculated and measured solubilities of oxygen in the
ethanol−hexane mixed solvent system at 298.2 K and 101.3 kPa: (○)
pentane −2.58 −2.53 1.96
observed value and (●) calculated value.
hexane −2.65 −2.60 2.00
heptane −2.66 −2.66 0.17
octane −2.66 −2.70 1.35
cyclohexane −2.89 −2.92 1.04
benzene −3.06 −2.94 3.93
toluene −3.09 −3.19 3.21
dichloromethane −3.01 −3.12 3.66
acetone −3.15 −3.06 2.69
N,N-dimethylformamide −3.31 −3.23 2.67
N,N-dimethylacetamide −3.41 −3.46 1.48

functional group activity coefficient method and the analytical

solution of groups method. In contrast, HSP values have been
reported for more than 1200 substances. Thus, estimation using
HSP values has advantages over using the group contribution
method because of its wide application to many solvents. Figure 5. Calculated and measured solubilities of oxygen in the
4.4. Solubility of Oxygen in Mixed Solvents. The ethanol−2-propanol mixed solvent system at 298.2 K and 101.3 kPa:
(○) observed value and (●) calculated value.
solubility of oxygen in mixed solvents was measured at 298.2 K
and 101.33 kPa. Ethanol−cyclohexane, ethanol−hexane,
ethanol−2-propanol, 2-propanol−cyclohexane, 2-propanol−
hexane, and hexane−cyclohexane were chosen as mixed
solvents in this work. The measured and calculated solubilities
in the mixed solvents are shown in Figures 3−8. For the
ethanol−cyclohexane, ethanol−hexane, 2-propanol−cyclohex-
ane, and 2-propanol−hexane mixed solvent systems, the
solubility of oxygen in the mixed solvent was higher than the
ideal solubility. Ideal solubility is the gas solubility in mixed
solvent estimated from the gas solubility in pure solvents. This
phenomenon has also been observed for the solubility of

Figure 6. Calculated and observed solubilities of oxygen in the 2-

propanol−cyclohexane mixed solvent system at 298.2 K and 101.3
kPa: (○) observed value and (●) calculated value.

nitrogen in cyclohexane−benzene, cyclohexane−1-hexane,

Figure 3. Calculated and measured solubilities of oxygen in the
ethanol−cyclohexane mixed solvent system at 298.2 K and 101.3 kPa:
(○) observed value and (●) calculated value.
19335
cyclohexane−CCl4, and benzene−CCl4 mixed solvent sys-
tems.16 For the ethanol−2-propanol and hexane−cyclohexane
systems, the oxygen solubilities were close to the ideal solubility
of oxygen in the mixed solvents. This is considered to be
because the interaction forces of the two solvents in the mixed
solvents are similar.
The solubility of oxygen in the mixed solvents was calculated
using the HSPs of oxygen and the solvents. The HSPs of the
mixed solvents were calculated using eq 6. The Ra values were
dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie502386t | Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53, 19331−19337
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Article

investigation is required to determine the correlation between

the HSPs and solubility for gases other than oxygen.

■ AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Author
*E-mail: yhideki@kansai-u.ac.jp.
Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.

■ NOMENCLATURE
D = diameter of gas pump, cm
E = cohesive energy, J/mol
h = scale markings of gas pump, cm
Figure 7. Calculated and measured solubilities of oxygen in the 2- L = Ostwald coefficient
propanol−hexane mixed solvent system at 298.2 K and 101.3 kPa: (○) m = mass of solvent, g
observed value and (●) calculated value. P = pressure, kPa
Ra = solubility parameter, MPa1/2
R0 = radius of Hansen solubility sphere, MPa1/2
RED = relative energy difference
u = standard uncertainty
V = molar volume, cm3/mol
x = mole fraction
X = input quantity
δ = solubility parameter, MPa1/2
ε = reproducibility
π = circular constant
ρ = density, g cm−3
σ = deviation
φ = volume fraction
Subscripts
Figure 8. Calculated and observed solubilities of oxygen in the A = before gas dissolution
hexane−cyclohexane mixed solvent system at 298.2 K and 101.3 kPa: ave = average
(○) observed value and (●) calculated value. B = after gas dissolution
d = dispersion interaction
G = gas
h = hydrogen-bonding interaction
determined using the HSPs of the mixed solvents and oxygen. i = component
The solubility of oxygen in the mixed solvents was calculated by lit. = literature value
substituting Ra into eq 19. The solubilities of oxygen calculated max = maximum
using the HSPs are shown in Figures 3−8. The average min = minimum
difference between the measured and calculated values was obs = measured value
2.34% for the ethanol−cyclohexane system, 4.43% for the p = dipole interaction
ethanol−hexane system, 2.54% for the ethanol−2-propanol S = solvent

system, 1.62% for the 2-propanol−cyclohexane system, 4.40%
for the 2-propanol−hexane system, and 0.94% for the hexane−
cyclohexane system. For the ethanol−cyclohexane, ethanol−
hexane, 2-propanol−cyclohexane, and 2-propanol−hexane
systems, the solubility of oxygen calculated using the HSPs
was higher than the ideal solubility as well as the measured
value. In addition, the calculated solubilities were close to the
ideal solubility as well as the measured values for the hexane−
cyclohexane and ethanol−2-propanol systems. This is because
the HSPs of the solvents in the mixed solvent were similar.
5. CONCLUSION
The solubility of oxygen in 21 pure organic solvents was
measured at 298.2 K and 101.33 kPa. The HSPs of oxygen were
calculated from the oxygen solubility in the pure organic
solvents. The HSPs of oxygen were δd = 6.7 MPa1/2, δp = 0.0
MPa1/2, δh = 3.8 MPa1/2, and δt = 7.7 MPa1/2. A new calculation
method for the HSPs of gases is proposed. It is based on the
relationship between oxygen solubility and the HSPs. Further
■
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