PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
REVIEWER
Evaluating Messages and Images
 Focuses on knowing who your
audience is
 The various ways you can present
your ideas or messages
 Understanding the message via
listening, reading, and viewing
critically
Critical Thinking
 The ability to create opinion with
factual supporting evidences that are
rational
 It involves visualizing the message,
and logically assessing the meaning of
the message
 Referred to as independent thinking
What is a message?
 The final concept of idea by the sender
 It may be encoded in various forms
like spoken words, written words,
non-verbals, pictures, film,
advertisements, memes, visual, and
performing art
Three purpose of the message
Informative Speech
 Provides information about a specific
subject to an audience
 To inform or educate
 The message should be unbiased and
neutral
 Examples: magazine, newspaper,
blogs, broadcasts, etc.
Entertaining Speech
 Designed to captivate an audience’s
attention and amuse them while
delivering a message
 To entertain
 Should give your audience an
enjoyable and relaxing feeling
 Examples: music, movies, televisions,
broadcasts, social networks, etc.
Persuasive Speech
 Goal of convincing the audience to
accept his or her point of view
 To persuade or convince
 The success of a persuasive speech is
often measured by the audience’s
willingness to consider the speaker’s
argument
 Examples: sales pitch (being a
salesperson), advertisements, political
speeches, political blogs, social media
posts, etc.
Who controls the transmission of these
messages?
 The ones transmitting and controlling
most of the messages you receive are
corporations, governments, and
individuals
Corporations
 Called media conglomerates, because
of their own different media forms that
we consume like television, radio,
film, music, and websites
 Main goal is to prosper their
respective business
Government
 Also known as state-owned media, are
media produced or funded by the
government
Individuals
 Refer to the independent media
 These forms of media are free from
the influence of the corporate or
government
How to convey the message?
  The way we communicate with each Demographic
other depends on our purpose
 Ethnicity
 Race
 Religion
Components to consider in order for us to
communicate with purpose  Sex and gender
 Marital status
Have an objective  Age
 Group affiliation
 Identify the purpose why you will
communicate with the person  Occupation/Socio-economic status
 Regions
Consider you audience

 After identifying your purpose, think

of the best way to communicate the Psychographs
message  Motivation
Be clear  Values
 Level of agreement or attitude
 Make sure not to include irrelevant  Beliefs
information, no unfamiliar words, and
no ambiguous terminologies
Check for understanding

 Make sure that conversation is two- Situational Information

way, listen to the reaction and answer
their clarifications
Understanding the audience
 As the sender of the message, you
should realize that the audience you
are communicating with has a purpose
too and you should be able to identify
the purpose
 Consider their motivations to be able
to fit the message to their point of
view
 Being able to identify your audience’s
expectation and determining what is
the appropriate way to deliver the
message will make you a rhetorically-
sensitive person who can adapt to
diverse social situations and perform
reasonable well in most of them
 Nature of event
 Location
 Size of audience
 Physical arrangement
 Technology
 Temporal factors
 Time of day
 Speaking order
 Length of speech
Lexical or verbal Components
 Word or chain of words used to create
a meaning
 Common types of lexical components
are words, parts of words, phrasal
verbs, collocations, idioms, and
sentence frames
Words

 Unique meaningful component of

Tables used for analyzing audience before speech
delivering speech
  May be used alone or with others to  It includes gestures, facial expressions,
form sentence eye contact, and body stance
Parts of words Gesture

 Denote a single letter, a prefix, or a  Most usually hand or head movements

suffix added to words that indicate a particular meaning
Prefix Facial expressions

 Are syllables or group of syllables  Executed using facial muscles

added to the beginning of a word to  Usually used to show emotions such
alter its meaning as anger and surprise
Suffix

 Syllable that is added to the end of a 4 techniques in managing facial

word to change its meaning or to form expressions
a different word
Intensify

 Used when you want to show strong

Phrasal verbs emotions
 Usually an exaggerated facial muscle
 Followed by a preposition or an
movement is used in this technique
adverb
De-intensify
Collocations
 Used when you want to control your
 Made up of two or more words that
feelings because someone might get
are commonly used together in
hurt or you don’t want people to notice
English
how you feel
Idiom
Neutralize
 A phrase, saying, or a group of words
 Used when you don’t want to show
that has a metaphorical (not literal)
feelings while talking to somebody
meaning
Mask
Sentence frames
 Used when we want to convince
 Group of words that provide a
somebody to do something for us
structure or a skeleton for a complete
sentence
 Example: fill in the blanks
Eye contact

 Looking directly at your audience’s

Non-lexical or non-verbal component eyes
 Refers to the delivering of messages Body stance
without the use of words
 How you sit or stand in front of an
audience can realy information about
your personality traits
Body Language

 Ideas or messages are expressed using

your body Proxemics
  Refers to the study of people’s use of
space as a special elaboration of
culture
 Refers to nearness or closeness of a
person to his audience
Paralanguage
 Refers to aspects of the voice apart
from speech
 Refers to factors of speech such as
accent, pitch, range, volume, that
alters the meaning of the message
3 groups of paralanguages
Vocal characterizers
 Include vocal aspects of the following
actions: yawning, whispering, snoring,
yelling, etc.
Vocal qualifiers
 Include tone, rhythm, tempo, pitch,
volume, intensity, and extent
Vocal segregates
 Include sounds like “uh-uh”, “mmm”,
“uh”, and even silent pauses
Presuppositions
 An assumption or something you
believe is implied in an utterance
 The assumption happens without
confirmation
 Are linguistic shorthand
Cultural and environmental condition
 Refers to the beliefs, customs, and
arts, of a part of particular society,
group, place, or time
 Environmental conditions refer to the
strength of the influence of various
factors in a particular place or time
Communication Aids and Strategies using
Tools of Technology
According to Duarte (2014), presentations are
the most powerful mediums of communication
Public communications
 Done to give a lecture, present a new
product, persuade people to act, build
goodwill, or inform the public
Small group
 May be in form of pitching an idea or
concept, presenting a research
proposal for funding purposes, or
entertaining a group
How do you use PowerPoint as a
communication aid?
Make your templates as simple as possible
 Do not clutter it with non-essentials
that would only cause distraction
 Borders, shading, logo, and too much
pictures are examples of distracting
elements
Consider light and color
 If the venue is dark, you may use dark
background with the light-colored
texts. But if the room is well lighted,
use dark colored fonts in light
background
Check your font size and style from the
perspective of your audience
 If you cannot read it from their
perspective, change the style and size
Check the pictures you use
 For your presentation, you can use
free pictures from the internet. Be very
 careful in choosing. Loom for copy
rights. If you are going to use pictures
that you took, make sure that these
pictures are of high quality
Use words or phrases, not sentences
 Choose words and phrases to
emphasize important points in your
presentation
Do not kill your audience with bullets
 You may use sparingly; making sure
that each bullet will contain a
maximum of six words
Limit the use of animation in validating an
important concept
Highlight to emphasize
 When you are using graphs and tables;
make sure to highlight the most
important detail to easily draw the
attention of your audience to the point
of the slide m
Slides and handouts are not one and the
same
 Slides are used for emphasizing your
points while handouts are supposed to
be a summary of your presentation
which the audience can take home
Communication for work Purposes
Globalization has brought changes in business,
health, education, politics, and even
communication. The birth of cultural diversity
with in the workforce led companies to be
mindful of the importance of communication
in the workplace.
Two forms of Global communication
Internal communication
 refers to the message sent within the
company. This include all the
communication practices by all the
employees of the company
External communication
 refers to messages sent to audience
outside of the company. This include
the individuals or groups not affiliated
with the company. It could either be
national or international, but most of
the time international
The Health Industry
 the health industry, just like any other
industry, has been experiencing
changes in the work field since
globalization. Here in the Philippines,
it is common to see foreign doctors in
the emergency rooms or corridors of
the hospitals. Our nurses are
distributed all around the world to care
for foreign patients. Because of this,
having good communication skills in a
multi-cultural setting is important for
them to develop good relationships
with the patient and colleagues. They
should be able to communicate
concern to patients and deliver precise
details to colleagues
Tips for effective communication in
healthcare
 talk to patients in terminologies they
will understand. This will make them
comfortable
 avoid using templates when talking to
patients. You are not machine and your
patients have different personalities
 learn to listen and encourage them to
express their concerns and fears
 maintain eye contact and be mindful
of your non-verbal codes
 be accurate in communicating with
your colleagues
Punctuation
Why do we need punctuation?
 Punctuation allows the authors writing
to be easy to read and understandable
for the reader
 Use the parenthesis to enclose words
or figures that clarify or are used as an
aside
Apostrophe

 Use the apostrophe when combining

two words
Types of Punctuation
 It is always placed in the spot where
Period the letter(s) have been removed
 To show possession. Place the
 Use at the end of a complete sentence apostrophe before the s
and an indirect question

Comma

 Use a comma to separate words or

items in a list
 To separate a city from its state
 To separate the day of the month from
the year
 To separate two adjectives
Question Mark

 Use a question mark only after a direct

question
Exclamation point

 Use the exclamation point to show

emphasis or excitement
Quotation Marks

 Use quotation marks to set off a direct

quotation
 Periods and commas always go inside
quotation marks
Colon

 Use the colon after a complete

sentence to introduce a list of items
 After the greeting of the person’s
name in a business letter
Parenthesis