TOPIC: SPEECH
Speech
 is a human communication
through spoken language
 sounds that individuals use to
build up words, producing sounds
accurately in the right places
Speech is broken down into three
categories:
a. Articulation- refers to how we
make speech sounds using our tongue,
lips, and mouth
b. Voice- refers to how we combine
our vocal cords and breathing in order to
make sounds.
c. Fluency- the rhythm of speech.
It refers to how continuous, smooth, and
how fast or slow a person speaks.
PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUN
 is the name of a person, place,
thing, or idea.
PRONOUN
 is a word used in place of a noun.
VERB
 expresses action or being.
ADJECTIVE
 modifies or describes a noun or
pronoun.
ADVERB
 modifies or describes a verb, an
adjective, or another adverb.
PREPOSITION
 a word placed before a noun or
pronoun to form a phrase
modifying another word in the
sentence.
CONJUNCTION
 joins words, phrases, or clauses.
INTERJECTION
 a word used to express emotion
Language VS Speech
- Both are forms of
communication. Basically, we use each
to express our ideas, thoughts, beliefs,
feelings, etc.
- It’s main difference is that language is
a tool for communication. It is governed
by specific rules and it comprises
arbitrary signs and concepts. Speech,
on the other hand, is the verbal form of
communication we use in conversations
and speaking.
The Basic Speech According to the
Purpose
Informative Speech- This type of
speech is like teaching because it tries
to impart something to the listeners.
Demonstration Speech- This type of
speech is a demonstration of how to do
something or how something works.
Persuasive Speech- This type of
speech contains information to convince
the audience to change in the way they
think, or do something or to start doing
something that they are not currently
doing.
Entertainment Speech- This speech
has the nature to transmit a feeling of
pressure as well as goodwill to the
audience or listeners.
Importance of Speech
1. Speech as a Way to Learn
2. Get Along with People
3. Speech is Reflective of
Background
4. Speech Reflects Personality
 5. Personality Development claim. This includes
research articles,
6. Changing Political Narrative news articles,
surveys, statistics,
or even your own
Speech Planning experience.
 Effective speeches can be 5. Start determining how you will
identified through the speaker’s organize your speech
ability to connect with their  Your speech needs
audience. Thus, it is crucial to be to have a solid
polished and prepared. To deliver structure.
this, there is a 5-step approach  An example would
according to Richard Bland be: introduction,
College. body, supporting
evidence, and
conclusion.
1. Determine the Purpose
of your speech Knowing Your Audience
 Why are you giving
the speech in the Audience
first place? What do - It is any one, or group, that is listening
you want your to someone convey a message
audience to do as a
result of hearing Importance of Knowing your
you speak? Audience in having Speech
2. Identify your Audience
 Background check
-Knowing your audience helps you
is necessary for the figure out what content and messages
success of your people care about.
presentation. This
can be done by
doing an audience Audience Analysis
analysis prior to the
event.  Audience analysis is the
 Demographic method of obtaining
Analysis, Psychogr information about the
aphic Analysis, people in your audience to
Situational Analysis better understand their
3. Create your claim (or wants, needs, values, and
thesis) attitudes.
 The main or central
idea of your speech,
along with evidence
to support it.
4. Collect your Evidence
 This will provide you
support with your
Approaches To Audience Analysis
Direct Observation
- the most simple of the three
paradigms for “getting the feel” of
a particular audience and is a
form of quantitative data
gathering.
- We perceive it through one or
more of our five natural senses—
hearing, seeing, touching, tasting,
and smelling.
Inference
- is merely a logical extension of
your observations drawn in the
method above.
- It is a form of critical thinking
known as inductive reasoning,
and another form of qualitative
data gathering.
Sampling
- uses statistical evidence to
quantify and clarify the
characteristics of your audience
- These characteristics are also
known as variables
Categories of Audience Analysis
1. Situational analysis
 This category considers
the situation for which your
audience is gathered.
 This category primarily
concerned with why your
audience is assembled in
the first place
2. Demographic analysis -
 include things like gender,
age range, marital status,
race and ethnicity, and
socioeconomic status.
 demographics are literally
a classification of the
characteristics of the
people.
3. Psychological
analysis
 A psychographic analysis
looks at things like values,
beliefs, opinions, and
attitudes.
 When performing a
description you seek to
identify the audience’s
attitudes, beliefs, and
values
4. Multicultural
Analysis
 Demography looks at
issues of race and
ethnicity in a basic sense.
 However, in our
increasingly diverse
society, it is worthy to pay
particular attention to the
issue of speaking to a
multicultural audience
5. Interest and
Knowledge Analysis
 you need to know ahead of
time if your audience is
interested in what you
have to say, and has any
prior knowledge about
your topic.
Presentation Aids These include the purpose of the
 resources beyond the speech speech, its projected time length,
words and delivery that a speaker the appropriateness of the topic
uses to enhance the message for your audience, and your
conveyed to the audience knowledge or the amount of
information you can access on
 In delivering speeches, you are
the topic.
presenting more than words and
2. Narrow Your Topic
ideas. In order to connect more
 To ascertain if your topic is
with your audience, a speaker
narrow enough for a specific time
must also consider the
frame, ask yourself three
audience’s senses: hearing,
questions:
vision, smell, taste, and touch.
1. Is your thesis statement
 These include visual aids
narrow or is it a broad
(Pictures, Videos, Graphs, Maps),
overgeneralization of a
audible aids (musical excerpts,
topic?
sound effects), olfactory aids
2. Is your speech’s topic one
(fragrance samples), or gustatory
clear topic or multiple
aids (food samples).
topics?
3. Does the topic have
Strong and Clear Statement
direction?
 A thesis statement is a short,
3. Put Your Topic into a Sentence
declarative sentence that states
 Once you’ve narrowed your topic
the purpose, intent, or main idea
to something that is reasonably
of a speech.
manageable, you can then
formalize that topic as a complete
Basic Functions of a Thesis
sentence.
Statement
 A thesis statement for
4. Add Your Argument, Viewpoint, or
informative speaking should be
Opinion
a declarative statement that is
 If your topic is informative, your
clear and concise; it will tell the
job is to make sure that the thesis
audience what to expect in your
statement is non-argumentative
speech.
and focuses on facts.
 For persuasive speaking, a
 If your topic is persuasive, you
thesis statement should have a
want to make sure that your
narrow focus and should be
argument, viewpoint, or opinion is
arguable, there must be an
clearly indicated within the thesis
argument to explore within the
statement.
speech.
5. Use the Thesis Checklist
How to Write a Thesis Statement?

1. Choose Your Topic

 As you begin to think about
choosing your topic, there are a
few key factors to consider.
Kinds of Speech according to
Delivery
 Manuscript Speech Delivery
- is a method of presenting a
speech where the speaker reads
the entire speech from a written
manuscript or script.
 Impromptu Speech Delivery
- refers to the unprepared
presentation of ideas to groups
(approximating typical public
speech audiences). Impromptu
speech solely considers mental
preparation: no rehearsal prior to
delivery.
 Extemporaneous Speech
Delivery
- is the presentation of a carefully
planned and rehearsed speech,
spoken in a conversational
manner using brief notes.
 Memorized Speech Delivery
- is the rote recitation of a written
message that the speaker has
committed to memory.
What are the Other Types of
Speeches
These are the some Other Types of
Speeches:
 Layout Speech
- this speech tends to be less
formal and given to individuals or
smaller groups. The speech may
contain giving directions,
explaining the location of a place,
or describing where things are.
 Argumentation Speech
- This speech has the purpose to
encourage the audience to
change their views or opinions.
 Evocative Speech
- This type of speech embodies
characteristics, such as geniality,
enthusiasm, modesty, and
tolerance.
Figures of speech
 any intentional deviation
from literal statement or
common usage that
emphasizes, clarifies, or
embellishes both written
and spoken
language(Editors of
Encyclopedia Britannica,
2023)
The Seven Most Common Figures of  Austin distinguished 3 acts in one
Speech: metaphors, similes, idioms, pe single speech act or event we
rsonification, hyperbole, euphemisms, perform.
metonym
TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS
 Metaphor asserts that one thing
is something that it literally is not  Locutionary Act
- Words that are spoken.
 Simile likens one thing to
- The basic act of utterance, or
another (usually achieved by the
producing a meaningful linguistic
use of the word "like" or "as")
expression.
 Personification is when non- Ex: I am not feeling well. (Linguistic
human objects are given human
meaning) - Locution
traits.
 Hyperbole is an exaggeration or
extravagant statement used for
 Illocutionary Act
effect - Intentions/desires of the speaker.
 Idiom is commonly used - What is the locution really is?
expression whose meaning does Ex: I am not feeling well. (Linguistic
not relate to the literal meaning of meaning) - Locution
its words. I want to rest now. (Intention) -
 Euphemism is the use of Illocution
agreeable or inoffensive words to  Perlocutionary Act
replace rude or offensive ones. - Is the effect produced on the
 Metonym is a term used in place listener when they listen to the
of a closely related term. locutionary act.
What is Theory - This is the hearer’s response.
Theory - a formal statement of Ex: I am not feeling well. (Linguistic
ideas that are suggested to explain a meaning) - Locution
fact or event, or how something works. I want to rest now. (Intention) -
Illocution
The listener’s response, “Okay, you
What is Speech Act Theory may take the day off today.” (Result) -
Perlocution
 Speech acts are groups of
utterances with a single
interactional function. (Apology,
greeting, request, complaint, etc.)
 Speech act theory was proposed
by J.L. Austin and later
developed by John R. Searle, it is
defined as the idea that language
contains meaning beyond just the
definition of the words that are
used.
 It also explains how speech can
create an action or outcome.