FRM/EDPD/654

C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT

COVER SHEET FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

NAME OF CENTRE: ST. ROSE’S HIGH CENTRE CODE: 090046 YEAR OF EXAM: 2024
NAME OF CANDIDATE: FRANCOIS, ADALIA MASHAVE CANDIDATE’S REGISTRATION NUMBER: 0900460512

Teacher’s
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Mark
1.5
1 Background/Overview of Issue (2 marks)
1.5
2 Problem Statement (2 marks)
1.5
3 Research Objective (2 marks)
5
4 Methodology (8 marks)
5
5 Presentation of Data (5 marks)
5
6 Analysis and Interpretation of Data (5 marks)
1
7 Conclusion (2 marks)
4
8 Recommendations (4 marks)
6
9 Reflection (6 marks)
3
10 Overall Presentation (4 marks)
TOTAL (40 marks) 33.5
Teacher’s Signature*:______________ Date: 19-MAR-2024

NOTES:
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 Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate

School Based Assessment

Name of Candidates: Adalia Francois

Candidate Number: 0900460512

Name of School: St. Rose’s High School

School Number: 090046

Subject: Human and Social Biology

Teacher’s Name: Ms. Rodhika Dhanraj

Country: Guyana

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Group Members

Akeelah DeJonge

Akeelah Jones

Bibi Millington

Kalliah Harding

Wayne James

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The relationship between BMI and health, and whether persons with high or low BMI are always

less healthy than people with normal BMI in St. Rose’s High School.

Human and Social Biology

School Based Assignment for CSEC 2024

St. Rose’s High

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Table of Content

Introduction................................................................................................................................................................
Statement of problem..................................................................................................................................................
Objectives...................................................................................................................................................................
Methodology...............................................................................................................................................................
Presentation of Data....................................................................................................................................................
Analysis of Data.........................................................................................................................................................
Discussion of Findings...............................................................................................................................................
Limitations..................................................................................................................................................................
Recommendations......................................................................................................................................................
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................................
Reflection....................................................................................................................................................................
References..................................................................................................................................................................
Appendix....................................................................................................................................................................

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Introduction
Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that is used to

classify people as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. Underweight: BMI less

than 18.5. Normal weight: BMI of 18.5 to 24.9. Overweight: BMI of 25 to 29.9. Obese: BMI of

30 or higher. BMI is a useful tool for population studies, but it has some limitations. For

example, BMI does not take into account muscle mass, bone density, or body composition. This

means that people with a lot of muscle mass or high bone density may have a high BMI even if

they do not have a lot of body fat. Additionally, BMI does not accurately reflect body fat in some

groups of people, such as pregnant women, older adults, and athletes. (Khanna et al., 2022).

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence

of disease or infirmity. It is a dynamic state that is constantly changing and evolving. Lifestyle,

the environment, and genetics are factors that contribute to good health (Felman, 2020). There is

a strong relationship between BMI and health. People with a high BMI are said to be at an

increased risk for developing several chronic diseases. The higher a person’s BMI, the greater

their risk of developing these diseases. However, it is important to note that BMI is just one

factor that affects health risk. Other factors, such as diet, exercise, and family history, also play a

role (Qin et al., 2022).

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Statement of problem
The researchers chose to investigate the relationship between BMI and health and whether

people with high or low BMI are healthier than people with normal BMI due to an article read

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Objectives

● To better understand the mechanisms by which BMI influences health outcomes in

teachers and students at St. Rose’s High School.

● To study the impact of BMI on teachers and students at St. Rose’s High School.

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Methodology
The research will be conducted with the use of a questionnaire. The advantage of using this

questionnaire is that a wider variety of people will be able to be reached however a disadvantage

of this is that the questions on the questionnaire may not meet the expectations of the results

hoped for.

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Presentation of Data

Bar Graph showing the age distribution of respondents.

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Pie Chart showing the BMI awareness levels of respondents.

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Bar Graph showing the BMI of both male and female respondents.

Pie Chart showing the percentages of respondents who think that BMI and health are related.

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Analysis of Data

The Figure above shows the bar graph showing the age distribution of respondents.

In the bar graph above there are four age ranges in which the respondents would’ve chosen when

completing the questionnaire that is 11-15 which was selected by five (5) participants, 26 - 30

which was selected by three (3) participants, 30+ being the lowest age distribution was selected

by only two (2) participants and the highest age distribution is 16 - 20 which was selected by a

total of 15 participants.

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The figure above shows a Pie Chart showing the BMI awareness levels of respondents

The pie chart shows the amount of respondents who are aware of BMI and what it is / what it

means. Out of the 30 participants that would’ve answered the questionnaire 40% which was 12

participants selected that they had an idea of what BMI was and the majority of participants 60%

which is equal to 18 participants selected that before completing the questionnaire they did not

know BMI.

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The figure above is a Bar Graph showing the BMI (body mass index) of both male and female

respondents.

Among the 30 participants, four males and one female exhibit a BMI below 18.5, while another

four males and seven females fall within the BMI range of 18.5 to 24.9. One male and one

female have a BMI between 25 and 29.9, and the remaining three females from the 30

respondents have a BMI ranging from 30 to 34.9.

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The figure above is a Pie Chart showing the percentages of respondents who think that BMI and
health are related.

The above pie chart shows the respondents that would’ve indicated whether or not the

respondents think that BMI and health are related. The light yellow colour of the pie chart

indicated that 20% (6 respondents) do not think that BMI and health are related. In the dark

orange part of the pie chart (the larger part) however, that made up 80% (24 respondents) think

that BMI and health and related.

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Discussion of Findings

The goal of this study was to look into the relationship between BMI and health and see

if it was always accurate in assessing a person's health.

According to the investigation's findings, sixty percent (60%) of people were unaware of

their BMI; studies show that this unawareness was caused by a misinterpretation of the results.

Body mass index (BMI) is a measurement of body fat based on height and weight that indicates

whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. A BMI of less than 18.5

is considered underweight, a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal weight, a BMI of 25 to

29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese. The bar graph

shows that most respondents were females with a normal BMI, with males following suit. The

BMI does not take into account muscle mass, bone density, or body composition. This means

that people with a lot of muscle mass or high bone density may have a high BMI even if they do

not have a lot of body fat (Khanna et al., 2022).

While BMI is an effective tool for population studies, it has some limitations. Furthermore, BMI

does not accurately reflect body fat in certain populations, including pregnant women, older

adults, and athletes. The respondents' average age ranged between 16 and 20 years old.Twenty

people disagree with the 80% who believe that health and BMI are linked. While they may have

some, BMI is only one tool for assessing health risks; it does not take into account individual

characteristics such as muscle mass, body composition, ethnicity, or overall health. It is safe to

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conclude that, while there may be a correlation, BMI is a risk assessment tool rather than a health

indicator.

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Limitations

The study on the relationship between BMI and health would have had several limitations. Some

of these are:

● The researchers would have been limited by the sample size because the investigation

was conducted with only thirty respondents.

● Location of study was limited to St. Rose's High School.

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Recommendations

Several recommendations could have improved the investigation's outcome. The researchers

would recommend for future investigations of such to carry out the investigation:

● With a larger sample size

● A broader demographic of respondents.

● Interviews could have been conducted using more data sources.

Additional Recommendations

1. High BMI Recommendations:

- For weight loss, eat a well-balanced diet with fewer calories.

- Incorporate regular physical activity tailored to your fitness level.

2. Low BMI Recommendations:

- Choose nutrient-dense foods to meet calorie and nutrient requirements.

- Consider adding strength training to your routine to increase muscle mass.

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Conclusion

In St. Rose's High School, it can be concluded that there is no clear correlation between BMI and

health, with those with low or high BMIs not necessarily being as healthy as those with normal

BMIs.

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Reflection

The Health and Social Biology (HSB) School Based Assessment (SBA) revealed a complex

relationship between health and BMI among St. Rose's High School students. The researcher's

initial assumption that high or low BMI correlates with poorer health outcomes was challenged

by this finding.

Participating in the research process helped the investigator understand the complexities of BMI

as a health indicator. Although useful for population studies, the researcher acknowledges its

limitations, including its inability to accurately represent body fat composition in specific

demographics like pregnant women, older adults, and athletes.

This enhanced understanding is a significant personal and academic accomplishment for the

researcher. Participation in the HSB SBA has enhanced the investigator's professional and

academic development. The researcher expresses deep appreciation for the opportunity to

participate in this enriching experience.

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References

Felman, A. (2020, April 19). Health: What does good health really mean?

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999

Khanna, D., Peltzer, C., Kahar, P., & Parmar, M. S. (2022). Body Mass Index (BMI): A

Screening Tool Analysis. Cureus, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.22119

Qin, G., Qin, Y., & Liu, B. (2022). Association between BMI and health-related physical

fitness: A cross-sectional study in Chinese high school students. Frontiers in Public

Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047501

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Appendix

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 FRM/EDPD/654
C ARIBBEAN EXAMI N ATIO N S C OUN C IL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT

COVER SHEET FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

NAME OF CENTRE: CENTRE CODE: YEAR OF EXAM: 2024

NAME OF CANDIDATE: CANDIDATE’S REGISTRATION NUMBER:

Teacher’s
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Mark
1 Background/Overview of Issue (2 marks)
2 Problem Statement (2 marks)
3 Research Objective (2 marks)
4 Methodology (8 marks)
5 Presentation of Data (5 marks)

6 Analysis and Interpretation of Data (5 marks)

7 Conclusion (2 marks)
8 Recommendations (4 marks)

9 Reflection (6 marks)
10 Overall Presentation (4 marks)

TOTAL (40 marks) 0

Teacher’s Signature*: Date:

NOTES:
1. *Please note that creating a digital signature generates a signature file that can be stored on your PC and used to sign other
editable PDF forms.

2. Please click the PRINT TO PDF button, located at the bottom of this form when you have finished filling in all relevant data. This
will create a non-editable version of the form to be submitted electronically.

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