M. L. Aggarwal Class 6

Chapter 1
Knowing Our Numbers
Exercise 1.1
1. Write the smallest natural number. Can you write the largest
natural number ?
Solution:
The smallest natural number is 1.
We cannot write the largest natural number because it is infinite.
2. Fill in the blanks :

(i) 1 lakh = ….. ten thousand
(ii) 1 million = ……hundred thousand
(iii) 1 crore = …… ten lakh
(iv) 1 billion = …… hundred million
Solution:
(i) 1 lakh = 10 ten thousand
(ii) 1 million = 10 hundred thousand
(iii) 1 crore = 10 ten lakh
(iv) 1 billion = 10 hundred million
3. Insert commas suitably and write each of the following numbers in
words in the indian system and the international system of
numeration.
(i) 506723
(ii) 180018018
Solution:
Indian system
(i) 506723 = 5,06,723
Five lakh six thousand seven hundred and twenty three.
(ii) 180018018 = 18,00,18,018

Eighteen crore eighteen thousand and eighteen.
International system
(i) 506723 = 5,06,723
fiven hundred six thousand seven hundred and twenty three.
(ii) 180018018 = 18,00,18,018

one hundred eighty million eithteen thousand and eighteen.
4. Write the following numbers in expanded form:
(i) 750687
(ii) 5032109
Solution:
Given numbers can be written in expanded form as,
(i) 750687 = 700000 + 50000 + 600 + 80 + 7
(ii) 5032109 = 5000000 + 30000 + 2000 + 100 + 9
5. Write the following numbers in Figures :

(i) Seven lakh three thousand four hundred twenty.
(ii) Eighty crore twenty three thousand ninety three.
Also write the above numbers in the place value chart.
Solution:
(i) 7,03,420
(ii) 80,00,23,093
By using place value chart,
6. Write each of the following numbers in numeral form and place
commas correctly:
(i) Seventy three lakh seventy five thousand three hundred seven.
(ii) Nine crore five lakh forty one.
(iii) Fifty eight million four hundred twenty three thousand two hundred
two.
Solution:
(i) 73, 75,307
(ii) 9,05,00,041
(iii) 58, 423,202
7. Write the face value and place value of the digit 6 in the number
756032.
Solution:
756032
Face value of 6 = 6
Place value = 6000
8. Find the difference between the place value and the face value of
the digit 9 in the number 229301.
Solution :
Place value of 9
229301
9000
Face value of 9
229301
9
difference = 9000
- 9
8 9 91
Question 9: Determine the difference of the place value of two 7’s in

37014472 and write it in words in International system.
Solution :
The given number in International system can be written as 37,014,472
The place value of 7 at ten’s place = 7 × 10 = 70
The place value of 7 at 7 million’s place = 7 × 1,000,000 = 7,000,000
The required difference = 7,000,000 – 70 = 6,999,930
Six million nine hundred ninty thousand nine hundred thirty.
Question 10.
Determine the product of place value and the face value of the digit 4 in
the number 5437.
Solution:
Place value of 4
5437
400
Face value of 4
5437
4
Product = 400 × 4 = 1600
Question 11.
Find the difference between the number 895 and that obtained on
reversing its digits.
Solution :
First number = 895
Reversed number = 598
difference = 297
Exercise 1.2
Question 1.
Use the appropriate symbol < or > to fill in the blanks :
(i) 173 …… 189
(ii) 1058 …….. 1074
(iii) 8315 ……8037
Solution:
(i) 173 < 189
(ii) 1058 < 1074
(iii) 8315 > 8037
Question 2 :
In each of the following pairs of numbers, state which number is
smaller:
(i) 553,503
(ii) 41338,1139
(iii) 25431,24531
Solution:
(i) 503 number is smaller.
(ii) 1139 number is smaller.
(iii) 24531 number is smaller.
Question 3 : Find the greatest and the smallest numbers in each row
:
(i) 71834, 75284, 571, 2333, 594
(ii) 9853, 7691, 9999, 12002.
Solution:
(i) 571 is the smallest number and 75284 is the greatest number.
(ii) 7691 is the smallest number and 12002 is the greatest number.
Question 4 :
Arrange the following numbers in ascending order:
304, 340, 34, 43, 430
Solution:
Arranging the following numbers in ascending order.
34, 43, 304, 340, 430
Question 5 :
Arrange the following numbers in descending order :
53, 7333, 553, 7529, 335.
Solution :
Arranging the following numbers in Descending order :
7529, 7333, 553, 335, 53
Question 6.
Write all possible 2-digits numbers that can be formed by using the
digits, 3 and 4. Repetition of difits is not allowed. Also find their some
solution :
The given digits are 2, 3, 4 and repetition of digits is not allowed.
Out of the given digits, the possible ways of choosing the two digits are
2, 3; 2, 4; 3, 4
Using the digits 2 and 3, the numbers are 23 and 32
Similarly, Using the digits 2 and 4, the numbers are 24 and 42
Using the digits 3 and 4, the numbers are 34 and 43
Hence, all possible 2-digit numbers are 23, 32, 24, 42, 34, 43
∴ Sum of above numbers
= 23 + 34 + 32 + 24 + 43 + 42 = 198.
Question 7 :
Write all possible 3-digits numbers using the digits 3,1 and 5.
Repetition of digits is not allowed.
Solution :
We are required to write 3-digit numbers using the digits 1, 3, 5 and the
repetition of the digits is not allowed.
Keeping 1 at unit’s place, 3-digit number obtained are 351 and 531.
Keeping 3 at unit’s place, 3-digit number obtained are153 and 513.
Hence, all possible 3-digit numbers are : 315, 351, 153, 135, 531, 513
Question 8:
Write all possible 3-digits numbers using the digits 7, 0 and 6.
Repetition of digits is not allowed. Also, find their sum.
Solution:
we are required to write 3 –digit numbers using the digits 0,6,7 and the
repetition of the digits is not allowed.
Keeping 6 at unit’s place, 3-digit number obtained are 706.
Keeping 7 at unit’s place, 3- digit number obtained are 607.
Hence, all possible 3- digit numbers are : 670, 760, 607, 706.
∴ Sum of above numbers
= 670 + 760 + 607 + 706 = 2743
Question : 9
Write all possible 2- digit numbers using the digits 4, 0 and 9. Repetition
of digits is not allowed . Also find their sum.
Solution:
4, 0; 4, 9; 9, 0
Using the digits 4 and 0, the number are 40.
Similarly, Using the digits 4 and 9, the numbers are 49 and 94.
Using the digits Hence, all possible 2-digit numbers are 40, 49, 90, 94
∴ Sum of above numbers = 40 + 49 + 90 + 94 = 273
Question 10 : Write all possible 2-digit numbers that can be formed by

using the digit 3, 7 and 9. Repetition of digits is allowed.
Solution:
The given digits are 3, 7, 9 and repetition of digits is not allowed. Out of
the given digits, the possible ways of choosing the two digits are 3, 7; 3,
9; 7, 9
Using the digits 3 and 7, the numbers are
37, 73, 33 and 77.
Similarly, Using the digits 3 and 9, the numbers are 39, 93, and 99.
Using the digits 7 and 9, the numbers are 79 and 97.
Hence, all possible 2-digit numbers are
37, 73, 33, 77, 39, 93, 99, 79, 97
Question 11.
Write all possible numbers using the digits 3, 1 and 5. Repetition of
digits is not allowed.
Solution:
The given digits are 1,3, 5 and repetition of digits is not allowed.
The one-digit numbers that can be formed are 1, 3 and 5.
We are required to write 2-digit numbers.
1, 3, 1, 5, 3, 5
Using the digits 1 and 3, the numbers are13 and 31.
Similarly, Using the digits 1 and 5, the numbers are 15 and 51.
Hence, all possible 2-digitt numbers are
13, 31, 15, 51, 35, 53
Now, We are required to write 3-digit numbers using the digits 1, 3, 5
and the
repetition of the digits is not allowed. Keeping 1 at unit’s place, 3-digit
number obtained are 351 and 531.
Hence, all possibe 3-digit numbers are : 315, 351, 153, 135, 531, 513
All possible numbers using the digits 3, 1 and 5 are :
1, 3, 5, 31, 13, 35, 53, 15, 51, 315, 153, 351, 531, 513, 135.
Question 12.
How many 6-digi numbers are there in all ?
Solution:
The greatest 6- digit numbers = 999999
The greatest 5-digit numbers = 99999
The total number of 6-digit numbers
= 999999 – 99999
= 900000
Question 13. Write down the greatest number and the smallest number
of 4-digits that can be formed by the digits 7,5, 0 and 4 using each digit
only once.
Solution:
We are required to write 4-digits numbers using the digits 7, 5, 0, 4 and
the repetition of the digits is not allowed.
Keeping 0 at unit’s place, 4 – digit number obtained are 4570, 4750,
5470, 5740, 7540, and 7540.
Keeping 4 at unit’s place, 4-digit number obtained are 5074, 5704, 7054
and 7504. Keeping 5 at unit’s place, 4-digit number obtained are
Keeping 7 at unit’s place, 4-digit number obtained are 4057, 4507, 5047
and 5407.
Hence, all possible 4-digit numbers are L 4570, 4750, 5470, 5740, 7450,
7540, 5074, 5704, 7054, 7504, 4075, 4705, 7045, 7405, 4057, 4507,
5047, 5407
Hence, The Greatest number = 7540 and the smallest number = 4057
Question 14 : Rearrange the digits of the number 5701024 to get the

largest number and the smallest number of 7 digits.
Solution:
Largest number = 7542100
[Method used : Firstly, write largest to smallest number in descending
order.] Smallest number = 1002457.
[Method used : Firstly, write smallest to largest number in ascending
order. ( start from 1 then 0 then next digits)]
Question 15.
Keeping the place value of digits 3 in the number 730265 same,
rearrange the digits of the given number to get the largest number and
smallest number of 6 digits.
Solution:
Keeping the same place values of digit 3 in the number 730265 and
rearranging the digits of the given number,
Greatest number of 6 digits= 736520 Smallest number of 6 digits =
230567.
Question 16.
From the smallest and greatest 4-digit numbers by using any one
digit twice from the digits :
(i) 5, 2, 3, 9
(ii) 6, 0, 1, 4
(iii) 4, 6, 1, 5, 8
Solution:
(i) The smallest 4-digit numbers = 2235
and the greatest 4-digit numbers = 9935
(ii) The smallest 4-digit numbers = 1004

(iii) The smallest 4-digit numbers = 1145
Question 17.
Write
(i) the greatest number of 6 digits
(ii) the smallest number of 7 digits. Also find their difference.
Solution:
(i) Greatest 6 digit number = 999999
(ii) Smallest 7 digit number = 1000000
∴ Their Difference 1000000
- 999999
1
Question 18.
Write the greatest 4-digit number of distinct digits.
Solution:
Greatest 4-digit number of four different digit = 9876
Question 19.
Write the smallest 4-digit number of distinct digits.
Solution:
Smallest 4-digit number of four digit = 1023
Question 20.
Write the greatest 6-digit number using three different digits.
Solution:
Greatest 6 digit number using three different digits = 999987.
Question 21.
Write the smallest 7-digit number using four different digits.
Solution:
Smallest 7 digit number by using four different digit = 1000023
Question 22.
Write the greatest and the smallest 4-digit numbers using four different
digits with the conditions as given :
(i) Digit 7 is always at units place.
(ii) Digit 4 is always at tens place.
(iii) Digit 9 is always at hundreds place.
(iv) Digit 2 is always at thousands place.
Solution:
(i) 9867; 1027
(ii) 9847; 1042
(iii) 8976; 1902
(iv) 2987; 2013
Exercise 1.3
Question 1.
In a particular year, a company manufactured 8570435 bicycles and next
year it manufactured 8756430 bicycles. In Which year more bicycles
were manufactured and by how many ?
Solution:
Production of bicycles in a particular year
= 85,70,435
Production of bicycles in a next year
= 87,56,430
Both the numbers 85,70,435 and 87,56,430 are 7 digit numbers and 87
> 85.
∴ 87, 56,430 > 85,70, 435
∴ Their Difference
8756430
- 8570435
185995
Hence, the production of bicycles in a next year is more and by
1,85,995 cycles of 87,56,430.
Question 2. What number must be subtracted from 1,02,59,756 to get
77,63,835 ?
Solution:
First number = 1,02,59,756
Resultant number = 77,63,835
1,02,59,756
- 77,63,835
2495921
The number to be subtracted from first number to obtain the resultant

number is 24,95,921.
Question 3.
The sale receipt of a company during a year was ₹ 30587850. Next year
it increased by ₹6375490. What was the total sale receipt of the
company during these two years ?
Solution:
Sale in the first year = ₹30587850
Sale increased in the next year by = ₹6375490
∴ Sale in the second year
= ₹ 30587850 + ₹ 6375490
= ₹ 36963340
30587850
+ 36963340
67551190
Total sale for the two years = ₹67551190
Question 4.
A machine manufactures 23875 screws per day. How many screws did it
produce iff the year 2012 ? Assume that the machine worked on all the
days of the year ?
Solution:
Production ofscrews per day = 23875
2012 is a leap year, So there are 366 days
Total production pf screws per year
= 23875 × 366 = 8738250
23875
× 366
143250
143250×
71625 ××
8738250
Question:5
A merchant had ₹ 78,592 with him. He placed an order for puchasing
54 bicycles at ₹ 970 each. How much money will remain with him after
the purchase ?
Solution :
Total money available with merchant = ₹ 78,592
Total money paid for purchasing 54 bicycles at ₹ 970 = ₹52,380
970
×54
3880
4850 ×
52 380
Money left with merchant

= ₹ 78,592 - ₹52,380
= ₹26,212
Question 6.
Amitabh is 1m 82 cm tall and his wife is 35 cm shorter than him. What
is his wife’s height ?
Solution:
Height of Amitabh = 1m 82 cm
= 1 × 100 + 82 = 182 cm
Amitabh wifes 35 shorter than Amitabh
∴ Amitabh wife height = 182 – 35 = 147 cm
Question 7.
The mass of each gas cylinder is 21kg 270g. What is total mass of 28
such cylinders ?
Solution:
Mass of one gas cylinder = 21 kg 270g
= 21 × 1000 + 270 g
= 21270 g
Total mass of 28 gas cylinder = 21270 × 28
= 595560g
= 59kg 556g
21278
× 28
170160
42450×
595560
Question 8.
In order to make a shirt, 2m 25 cm Cloth is needed. What length of cloth
is required to make 18 such shirts ?
Solution :
The length of cloth required to stitch one shirt = 2m 25 cm
= 2 × 100 + 25 = 225
The length of cloth required to stitch 18 shirts
= 225 × 18 = 4050
= 40 m 50cm
Question 9:
The total mass of 12 packets of sweets, each of the same size, is 15 kg
600g. What is the mass of each such packet ?
Solution:
Total mass of 12 packets of sweets
= 15kg 600g
= 15 × 1000 + 600
= 15600 g
Total mass of one packet of sweets
= 15600 – 12 = 1300g
= 1 kg 300g
1300
12 15600
- 12
36
-36
0
Question 10.
A vessel has 4 litres 500 millilitres of orange juice. In how many
glasses, each of 25 mL capacity, can it be filled ?
Solution :
Total capacity of vessel containing orange juice = 4 litres 500 mL
= 4 × 1000 + 500mL
= 4500 mL
Size of glass = 25mL
Number of glass =
! " ##
$%&&
=
'%
= 180 glasses
180
25 4500
25
200
200
0
Question 11.
To stitcha trouser, 1m 30 cm cloth is needed. Out of 25m cloth, how
many trousers can be stitched and how much cloth will remain ?
Solution :
Total length of cloth available = 25m
= 25 × 100 = 2500 cm
The length of cloth required to stitch a trouser
= 1m 30cm
= 100 + 30cm = 130cm
Dividing 2500 by 130, we get quotient = 19 and remainder = 30
19
130 2500
130
1200
1170
30
∴ The number of trousers that can be stitched = 19
and the length of the remaining cloth = 30 cm
Exercise 1.4
Question 1. Round off each of the following numbers to their nearest

tens :
(i) 77
(ii) 903
(iii) 70 1205
(iv) 999
Solution:
(i) 77
The digit at unit place is 7, which is greater than 5.
Hence, the rounded off number to nearest tens = 80.
(ii) 903
(iii) 1205
(iv) 999
Question 2:
Estimate each of the following numbers to their nearest hundreds :
(i) 1246
(ii) 32057
(iii) 53961
(iv) 555555
Solution ;
(i) 1246
The digit at tens place is 4, which is less than 5.
Hence, the rounded off number to nearest hundreds =1200.
(ii) 32057
The digit at tens place is 5, which is equal to 5.
Hence, the rounded off number to nearest hundreds = 32100.
(iii) 53961
The digit at tens place is 6, which is greater than 5.
(iv) 555555
The digit at tens place is 5, which is equal to 5.
Question 3.
Estimate each of the following numbers to their nearst thousands:
(i) 5706
(ii) 378
(iii) 47,599
(iv) 1,09,736
Solution:
(i) 5706
The digit at hundred place is 7, which is greater than 5.
Hence, the rounded off number to nearest thousands = 6000.
(ii) 378
The digit at hundred place is 3, which is less than 5.
(iii) 47,599
The digit at hundred place is 5, which is equal to 5.
(iv) 1,09,736
The digit at hundred place is 7, which is greater than 5.
Hence, the rounded off number to nearest thousands = 1,10,000.
Question 4.
Give a rough estimate ( by rounding off to nearest hundreds) and also a
closer estimate ( by rounding off to nearest tens) :
(i) 439 + 334 + 4317
(ii) 8325 – 491
(iii) 1,08,734 – 47,599
(iv) 4,89,348 – 48, 365
Solution:
(i) Rounding off to nearest hundreds = 439 + 334 + 4317
= 400 + 300 + 4300 = 5000 Rounding off to nearest tens 439 + 334 +
4317
= 440 + 330 + 4320 = 5090
(ii) Rounding off to nearest hundreds 8325 – 491
= 8300 – 500 = 7840
(iii) 1,08,734 – 47,599

Rounding off to nearest hundreds 1,08,734 -47,599
= 1,08,734 – 47,599
= 61,130
(iv) 4,89,348 – 48 , 365
Rounding off to nearest hundreds 4,89,348 – 48 , 365
= 4,89,348 – 48 , 365
= 4,40,900
Rounding off to nearest tens = 4,89,348 – 48,365
= 4,89,350 – 48,370 = 4,40,980
Question 5.
Estimate each of the following by rounding off each number nearest to
its greatest place :
(i) 730 + 998
(ii) 5,290 + 17,986
(iii) 796 – 314
(iv) 28,292 – 21,496
Solution:
(i) 730 + 998
Rounding off 730 to its greatest place i.e. hundred place = 700
Hence, estimated sum = 700 + 1000 = 1700
(ii) 5,290 + 17,986

Rounding off 5,290 to its greatest place i.e. hundred place = 5000
Rounding off 17,986 to its greatest place i.e. hundred place = 18,000
Hence, estimated sum = 5000 + 18,000 = 23,000
(iii) 796 – 314

Rounding off 796 to its greatest place i.e. hundreds place = 800
Hence, estimated difference = 800 - 300 = 500
(iv) 28,292 – 21,496

Rounding off 28,292 to its greatest place i.e. thousands place = 28,000
Rounding off 21,496 to its greatest place i.e. thousands place = 21,000
Hence, estimated difference = 28,000 – 21,000 = 7,000
Question 6.
Estimate the following products by rounding off each of its factors
nearest to its greatest place :
(i) 578 × 161
(ii) 9650 × 27
Solution:
(i) 578 × 161
Hence, estimates product = 600 × 200 = 1,20,000
(ii) 9650 × 27
Rounding off 27 to its greatest place i.e. tens place = 30
Question 7.
Estimate the following products by rounding off each of its factors
nearest to its hundreds place :
(i) 5281 × 3491
(ii) 1387 × 888
Solution:
(i) 5281 × 3491
Rounding off 5281 to its hundreds place = 5300
Rounding off 3491 to its hundreds = 3500
Hence, estimates product = 5300 × 3500 = 1,85,50,000
(ii) 1387 × 888

Rounding off 1387 to its hundreds place = 1400
Rounding off 888 to its hundreds = 900
Objective Type Questions
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks :
(i) The digit …… has the highest place value in the number 2309.
(ii) The digit …… has the highest face value in the number 2039.
(iii) The digit …… has the lowest place value in the number 2039.
(iv) Both indian and International systems of numeration have
………… Period in common.
(v) In the International system of numeration, commas are placed from
………. after every ………. digits.
(vi) The bigger number from the numbers 57,631 and 57,361 is ………
(vii) 1 Crore = ………….. million
(viii) The smallest 4-digit number with 3 different digits is …….
(ix) The greatest 4-digit number with 3 different digits is ………..
(x) 15 km 300 m = ……………m
(xi) 7850 cm = …………..m……….cm
(xii) The number 5709 when estimated to the nearest hundreds is …….
Solution:
(i) The digits 2 has the highest place value in the number 2309.
(ii) The digits 9 has the highest face value in the number 2039.
(iii) The digits 0 has the lowest face value in the number 2039.
(iv) Both Indian and International systems of numeration have ones
period in common.
(v) In the International system of numeration, commas are placed from
right after every 3 digits.
(vi) The bigger number from the numbers 57,631 and 57,361 is 57,631.
(vii) 1 crore = 10 million
(viii) The smallest 4-digit number with 3 different digits is 1002.
(ix) The greatest 4-digit number with 3 different digits is 9987.
(x) 15 km 300 m =15300 m
(xi) 7850 cm = 78 m 50 cm
(xii) The number 5709 when estimated to the nearest hundreds is 5100.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) :
(i) The difference between the place value and the face of the digit 7 in
the number 2701 is 693.
(ii) The smallest 4-digit number -1 = the greatest 3- digit number.

(iii) The place of a digit is independent of whether the number is
written in the Indian system or International system of
numeration.
(iv) In the Internation system, a numbe having less number of digits is

always smaller than the number having more number of digits.
(v) The estimated value of 9999 to the nearest tens is 10000.
Solution:
(i) The difference between the place value and the face of the digit 7 in
the number 2701 is 693. True
(ii) The smallest 4-digit number -1 = the greatest 3- digit number. True
(iii) The place of a digit is independent of whether the number is written

in the Indian system or International system of numeration. True
(iv) In the Internation system, a numbe having less number of digits is

always smaller than the number having more number of digits.
True
(v) The estimated value of 9999 to the nearest.

Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correst answer from the given four options ( 3 to 17):
Choose the correct answer from the given four options (3 to 17):
Question 3.
The face value of the digit 5 in the number 36503 is
(a) 5
(b) 503
(c) 500
(d) none of these
Solution:
The place value of 5 at hundred’s place
= 5 × 100 = 500 (c)
Question 4.
The difference between the place values of 6 and 3 in 76834 is
(a) 3
(b) 5700
(c) 5930
(d) 5970
Solution:
The place value of 6 at thousand’s place
= 6 × 1000 = 6,000
The place value of 3 at ten’s place
= 3 × 10 = 30
The difference between the place value of 6 and 3
= 6000 – 30 = 5970 (d)
Question 5.
The sum of the place values of all the digits in 5003 is
(a) 8
(b) 53
(c) 5003
(d) 8000
Solution:
The place value of 3 at one’s place
=3 × 1 = 3
The place value of 0 at hundred’s place = 0 × 100 = 0
The place value of 5 at thousand’s place = 5 × 1000 = 5000
The sum of the place value of all the digits
in 5003 = 3 + 0 + 0 + 5000 = 5003 (c)
Question 6.
The total number of 4-digit numbers is
(a) 9000
(b) 9999
(c) 10000
(d) none of these
Solution:
The greatest 3-digit number = 999
The greatest 4-digit number = 9999.
The total number of 4-digit numbers
= 9999 – 999 = 9000 (a)
Question 7.
The product of the place values of two values of two-threes in 73532 is
(a) 9000
(b) 90000
(c) 99000
(d) 1000
Solution:
The place value of 3 at thousand’s place = 3 × 1000 = 3000
The product of place value of two threes = 30 × 3000 = 90000())
Question 8.
The smallest 4-digit number having distinct digits is
(a) 1234
(b) 1023
(c) 1002
(d) 3210
Solution:
The smallest 4-digit number having distinct digits is 1002 (c).
Question 9.
The largest 4-digit number having distinct digits is
(a) 9999
(b) 9867
(c) 9786
(d) 9876
Solution;
The largest 4-digit number having distinct digits is 9867.(b)
Question 10.
The largest 4-digit number is
(a) 9999
(b) 9876
(c) 9990
(d) none of these
Solution:
The largest 4-digit number is 9999.(a)
Question 11.
The difference between the largest number of 3-digit and the largest
number of 3-digit with distinct digits is
(a) 0
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 14
Solution:
The largest number of 3-digit = 999
The largest number of 3-digit with distinct digits = 987
∴ Their difference = 999 – 987= 12(c)
Question 12.
If we write natural numbers from 1 to 100, the number of times the digit
5 has been written is
(a) 11
(b) 15
(c) 19
(d) 20
Solution:
If we write natural numbers from 1 to 100, the number of times the digit
5 has been writtern is 20.(d)
Question 13.
The number 28,549 when rounded off to the nearest hundreds is
(a) 28,000
(b) 28,500
(c) 28,600
(d) 29,000
Solution :
28,549
The digit at tens place is 4, which is less than 5.
Hence, the rounded off number to nearest hundreds = 28,500. (b)
Question 14.
The smallest natural number which when rounded off to the nearest
hundreds as 500 is
(a) 499
(b) 501
(c) 450
(d) 549
Solution:
The smallest natural number which when rounded off to the nearest
hundreds as 500 is 450. (c)
This is so because the digit at tens place is 5, which is equal to 5.
Question 15.
The greatest natural number which when rounded off to the nearest
hundreds as 500 is
(a) 549
(b) 599
(c) 450
(d) none of these
Solution :
The greatest natural number which when rounded off to the nearest
hundreds as 500 is 549. (a)
This is so because thedigit at tens place is 4, which is less than 5.
Question 16.
The greatest 5-digit number formed by the digits 3, 0, 7 is
(a) 33077
(b) 77730
(c) 77330
(d) none of these
Solution:
The greatest 5-digit number formed by the digits 3, 0, 7 is 77730.(b)
Question 17.
In the International place value system, we write 1 billion for
(a) 10 lakh
(b) 1 crore
(c) 10 Crore
(d) 100 Crore
Solution:
In the International place value system, we write 1 billion for 100 crore.
(d)
Value Based Questions
Question 1.
The distance between Anu’s home and her school is 4 km 850 m.
Everyday she cycles both ways. Find the distance covered by her in a
week. (Sunday being a holiday). What are the advantages of cycling ?
Solution :
Distance between Anu’s home and her school
= 4 km 850 m = 4 × 1000 + 850
= 4850 m
Distance travelled by Anu per day = 4850 m × 2 = 9700 m
Since, in a week there are 7 days but Sunday is off.
Hence, distance travelled by anu for 6 days ( a week)
= 9700 × 6 = 58200 m
= 58 km 200 m
Cycling is good for health and it saves fuel and helps in reducing
pollution.
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Question 1.
Is there any digit whose place value is always equal to its face value
irrespective of its position in any number ?
Solution :
Yes, the digit is 0.
Question 2.
Write all 4-digit numbers that can be formed with the digits 2 and 5,
using both digits equal number of time. Also find their sum.
Solution:
Possible numbers are : 2255, 2552, 2525, 5225, 5252, 5522
and their sum = 2255 + 2552 + 2525 + 5225 + 5252 + 5522 = 23331
Thousand Hundred Tens Ones

2 2 5 5
2 5 5 2
2 5 2 5
5 2 2 5
5 2 5 2
5 5 2 2
Question 3.
What is the difference between the smallest 6-digit number with five
different digits and the greatest 5-digit number with four different
digits ?
Solution:
The smallest 6-digit number with five different digits = 100234.
The greatest 5-digit number with four different digits = 99876.
Their difference = 100234 – 99876 = 358
Question 4.
How many times does the digit 3 occur at tert’s place in natural numbers
from 100 to 1000 ?
Solution:
90 times i.e. 3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63 73, 83, 93 and upto 983, 993.
Check your Progress
Question 1.
Write the numeral for each of the following numbers and insert commas
correctly.
(i) Six crore nine lakh forty seven.
(ii) One hundred four million seven hundred two thousand three hundred
ninety four.
Solution:
(i) 6,09,00,047
(ii) 104, 722, 394
Question 2: Insert commas suitably and write the number 30189301 in

words in Indian and International system of numeration.
Solution:
International system = 30,189,301
Three Crore one lakh eighty nine thousand three hundred one Thirty
million one hundred eighty nine thousand three hundred one
Question 3.
Find the difference between the place value and the face value of the
digit 6 in the number 72601.
Solution:
Place value of 6
72601
600
Face value of 6
72601
6
difference = 600
-6
594
Question 4.
Write all possible two-digit number using the digits 4 and 0. repetition of
digits is allowed.
Solution:
Possible digit numbers = 40,44
Question 5.
Write all possible natural numbers using the digits 7,0,6. Repetition
of digits is not allowed.
Solution:
The one-digit numbers that can be formed are 7 and 6.
We are required to write 2-digit numbers.
7, 0; 6, 0; 6, 7
Using the digits 7 and 0, the numbers are 70.
Similarly, Using the digits 6 and 0, the numbers are 60
Hence, all possible 2-digit numbers are
60, 70, 67, 76
Now, we are required to write 3-digit numbers using the digits 7, 0, 6
and the repetition of the digits is not allowed. Keeping 0 at unit’s place,
3-digit number obtained are 670 and 760.
Hence, alll possible 3-digit numbers are : 670, 760, 706 and 607.
All possible numbers using the digits 7, 0 and 6 are
6, 7, 76, 67, 70, 60, 706, 607, 760, 670.
Question 6.
Arrange the following numbers in ascending Order :
3706, 58019, 3706, 59801, 560023
Solution:
3706, 58019, 3706, 59801, 560023
Question 7.
Write the greatest six-digit number using four different digits.
Solution:
Greatest six-digits number using four different digits is 999876.
Question 8.
Write the smallest-eight number using four different digits.
Solution:
Smallest-eight digit number = 10000023
Question 9.
Find the difference between the greatest and the smallest 4-digit
numbers formed by the digits 0, 3, 6, 9.
Solution:
The greatest 4-digit number using 0, 3, 6, 9 = 9630
The smallest 4-digit number using 0, 3, 6, 9 = 3069
∴ Their Difference = 9630 – 3069 = 6561
Question 10.
Find the sum of the four-digit greatest number and the five-digit smallest
number, each number having three different digits.
Solution:
Four digit greatest number with three different digits = 9987
Five digit smallest number with three different digits = 10002
∴ Their Sum = 9987 + 10002 = 19989
Question 11.
Write the greatest and the smallest four-digit numbers using four
different digits with the conditions as given :
(i) Digit 3 always at hundred’s place.
(i) Digit 0 always at ten’s place.
Solution:
(i) 9387 ; 1302
(ii) 9807; 1203
Question 12.
A mobile number consists of ten digits. First four digits are 9, 9, 7
and 9. Make the smallest mobile number by using only one digit
twice from the digits 8, 3, 5, 0, 6.
Solution:
The mobile number is 9979003568.
Question 13.
Two stitch a uniform, 1 m 75 cm cloth is needed. Out of 153m cloth,
how many uniforms can be stitched and how much cloth will remain ?
Solution:
Total cloth 153 m = 15300 cm
To stitch a uniform, cloth needed
= 1m 75cm = 175 cm
+%,&&
Total uniforms can be stitched =
+-%
-%
= 87
+-%
Hence, 87 uniforms can be stiched 75 cm cloth will remain extra.
Question 14.
Medicine is packed in boxes, each weighing 4 kg 500g. How many
such boxes can be loaded in a van which cannot carry beyond 800
kg?
Solution:
Weight of 1 box = 4 kg 500 gm
= 4 × 1000 + 500 = 4500 gm
Van can carry upto 800 kg
= 800 × 1000 = 800000 gm
Numbers of boxes that can be loaded in van
.&&&&&
= = 117.8 i.e. 177 boxes
$%&&
A Van can 1c d 177 boxes of medicines.
Question 15.
Estimate : 6554 – 677 by estimating the numbers to their nearest
(i) thousands
(ii) hundreds
(iii) greatest places
Also point out the most reasonable estimate.
Solution:
(i) Thousands ( 6554 – 677 )
→ 7000 – 1000 = 6000
(ii) Hundreds ( 6554 – 677)

→ 6600 – 700 = 5900
(iii) Greatest places ( 6554 – 677 )

→ 7000 – 700 =6300
Estimation to their nearest hundreds is most reasonable.
Chapter 2
Whole numbers
Exercise 2.1
Question 1.
Write the smallest whole number. Can you write the largest whole
number ?
Solution :
Smallest whole number = 0
No, we can not write the largest whole number.
Question 2 :
Write the successor of each of the following numbers :
(i) 3999
(ii) 378915
(iii) 5001299
Solution :
Successor numbers :
(i) 3999 + 1 = 4000
(ii) 378915 + 1 = 378916
(iii) 5001299 + 1 = 5001300
Question 3.
Write the predecessor of each of the following numbers :
(i) 500
(ii) 38794
(iii) 54789011
Solution:
Predecessor numbers :
(i) 500 – 1 = 499
(ii) 38794 – 1 = 499
(iii) 54789011 – 1 = 54789010
Question 4.
Write the whole number ( in each of the following) whose successor is :
(i) 50795
(ii) 720300
(iii) 8300000
Solution:
The required whole number = predecsessor of given number :
(i) 50975 – 1 = 50974
The required whole number = predecessor of given number:
(i) 50795 – 1 = 50794
(ii) 720300 – 1 = 720299
(iii) 8300000 – 1 = 8299999
Question 5.
Write the whole number (in each of the following) whose predecessor is:
(i) 5347
(ii) 72399
(iii) 3012999
Solution:
The required whole number = successor of given number:
(i) 5347 + 1 = 5348
(ii) 72399 + 1 = 72400
(iii) 3012999 + 1 = 3013000
Question 6.
Wrtie next three consecutive whole numbers of the following numbers :
(i) 79
(ii) 598
(iii) 35669
Solution:
(i) 80, 81, 82
(ii) 599, 600, 601
(iii) 35670, 35671, 35672
Question 7.
Write three consecutive whole numbers occuring just before 320001.
Solution:
The three consecutive whole numbers occuring just before 320001 are :
320001 – 1= 320000 – 1 = 319999 – 1 = 319998
these are : 320000, 319999, 319998
Question 8:
(i) How many whole numbers are there between 38 and 68 ?
(ii) How many whole numbers are there between 99 and 300 ?
Solution:
(i) The whole numbers between 38 and 68 are : 39, 40, 41, ……, 67
= 67 – 38 = 29
(ii)The whole numbers between 99 and 300 are : 100, 101, 102,…, 299
= 299 – 99 = 200
Question 9.
Write all whole numbers between 100 and 200 which do not change if
the digits are written in reverse order.
Solution:
The whole numbers between 100 and 200 which do not change if the
digits are written in reverse order are :
101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191
Question 10.
How many 2-digit whole numbers are there between 5 and 92 ?
Solution:
2-digit numbers between 5 and 92 will be from 10 to 91 i.e. 91 – 9 = 82
Question 11.
How many 3-digit whole numbers are there between 72 and 407 ?
Solution:
3-digit whole numbers will be from 100 to 406 i.e. 406 – 99 = 307.
Exercise 2.2
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks to make each of the following a true statement :
(i) 378 + 1024 = 1024 + ……
(ii) 337 + ( 528 + 1164 ) = ( 337 + …..) + 1164
(iii) ( 21 + 18 ) + ……. = ( 21 + 13 ) + 18
(iv) 3056 + 0 = …….. = 0 + 3056
Solution:
(i) 378 + 1024 = 1024 + 378 ( Commutative property of addition)
(ii) 337 + (528 + 1164 ) = ( 337 + 528 ) + 1164 ( Associative law of
addition)
(iii) ( 21 + 18) + 13 = ( 21 + 13) + 18 ( Associative law of addition)
(iv) 3056 + 0 = 3056 = 0 + 3056
Question 2.
Add the following numbers and check by reversing the order of addends
:
(i) 3189 + 53885
(ii) 33789 + 50311.
Solution :
(i) 3189 + 53885 = 57074
Check 53885 + 3189 = 57074
∴ 57074
(ii) 33789 + 50311 = 84100
Check 50311 + 33879 = 84100
∴ 84100
Question 3.
By suitable arrangements, find the sum of :
(i) 311,528,289
(ii) 723, 203, 435, 7197, 422.
Solution:
(i) 311, 528, 289
sum ( 311 + 289 ) + 528
= 600 + 528 = 1128
(ii) 723 + 834 + 66 + 277

= (723 + 277) + ( 834 + 66)
= 1000 + 900 = 1900
(iii) 78, 203, 435, 7197, 422

sum = ( 78 + 422 ) + ( 203 + 7197 ) + 435
= 500 + 7400 + 435
= 7900 + 435 = 8335
Question 4.
Fill in the blanks to make each of the following a true statement :
(i) 375 × 57 = 57 × ……….
(ii) ( 33 × 16) × 25 = 33 × ( …… × 25 )
(iii) 37 × 24 = 37 × 18 + 37 × ……..
(iv) 7205 × 1 = ……….. = 1 × 7205
(v) 366 × 0 =
(vi) ……….. × 579 = 0
(vii) 473 × 108 = 473 × 100 + 473 × … ….
(viii) 684 × 97 = 684 × 100 - ………× 3
(ix) 0 ÷ …… = 5 =
(x) ( 14 – 14 ) ÷ 7 = ………
Solution:
(i) 375 × 57 = 57 × 375 (Commutative property of multiplication)
(ii) ( 33 × 16) × 25 = 33 × ( 16 × 25) (Associative law of
multiplication)
(iii) 37 × 24 = 37 × 18 + 37 × …….. (Distributive law of

multiplication)
(iv) 7205 × 1 = 7205 = 1 × 7205

(v) 366 × 0 = 0
(vi) 0 × 579 = 0
(vii) 473 × 108 = 473 × 100 + 473 × 8
(viii) 684 × 97 = 684 × 100 - 684 × 3
(ix) 0 ÷ 5 = 0
(x) ( 14 – 14 ) ÷ 7 = 0
Question 5.
Determine the following products by suitable arrangement :
(i) 4 × 528 × 25
(ii) 625 × 239 × 16
(iii) 125 × 40 × 8 × 25
Solution:
(i) 4 × 528 × 25 = 4 × 25 × 528
= 100 × 528 = 52800
(ii) 625 × 239 × 16 = 625 × 16 × 239

= 10000 × 239 = 2390000
(iii) 125 × 40 × 8 × 25 = 125 × 8 × 40 × 25

= 1000 × 1000 = 1000000
Question 6.
Find the value of the following :
(i) 54279 × 92 + 54279 × 8
(ii) 60678 × 262 – 60678 × 162
Solution;
(i) 54279 × 92 + 54279 × 8
= 54279 ( 92 + 8 )
= 54279 × 100 = 5427900
(ii) 60678 × 262 – 60678 × 162

= 60678 262 − 162
= 60678 × 100 = 6067800
Question 7.
Find the following products by using suitable proerties :
(i) 739 × 102
(ii) 1938 × 99
(iii) 1005 × 188
Solution:
(i) 739 × 102
= 739 × ( 100 + 2 )
= 739 × 100 + 739 × 2
= 73900 + 1478 = 75378
(ii) 1938 × 99
= 1938 × ( 100 - 1 )
= 1938 × 100 – 1938 × 1
= 193800 – 1938 = 191862
(iii) 1005 × 188

= ( 1000 + 5 ) × ( 100 + 88)
= 1000 × 100 + 1000 × 88 + 5 × 100 + 88 × 5
= 100000 + 88000 + 500 + 440 = 188940
Question 8.
Divide 7750 by 17 and check the result by division algorithm.
Solution:
7750 ÷ 17
455
17 7750
68
95
85
100
85
15
On dividing 7750 by 17, we get

Quotient = 455 and Remainder = 15
Check by division algorithm :
Divident = Divisior × Quotient + Remainder
= 17 × 455 + 15 = 7750
Question 9.
Find the number which when divided by 38 gives the quotient 23 and
remainder 17.
Solution:
Divisor = 38, Quotient = 23
Remainder = 17
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + remainder
= 38 × 23 + 17 = 874 + 17 = 891
Question 10.
Which least number should be subtracted from 1000 so that the
difference is exactly divisible by 35.
Solution:
On dividing 1000 by 35
we get quotient = 28 and remainder 20
we get quotient = 28 and remainder 20
28
35 1000
-70
300
- 280
20
Question 11.
Which least number should be added to 1000 so that 53 divides the sum
exactly.
Solution:
18
53 1000
-53
470
- 424
46
On dividing 1000 by 53, we get quotient = 18 and remainder = 46. To

get the remainder 0, we should add 53 – 46 = 7 to 1000.
∴ 7
Question 12.
Find the largest three-digit number which is exactly divisible by 47.
Solution:
Largest three digit no. = 999
21
47 999
-94
59
- 47
12

Quotient = 21 and Remainder = 12
So on sbtracting 12 from 999, we get
999 – 12 = 987
Question 13.
Find the smallest five-digit number which is exactly divisible by 254.
Solution :
Smallest 5 digit number = 10000
39
254 10000
- 762
2380
- 2286
94
Remainder = 94
So 254 – 94 = 160 should be added to 10000 to get the smallest 5 digit

number divisible by 254.
∴ 10000 + 160 = 10160

Question 14 :
A vendor supplies 72 litres of milk to a student’s hostel in the morning
and 28 litres of milk in the evening every day. If the milk costs ? 39 per
litre, how much money is due to the vendor per day ?
Solution:
Supply of milk in morning = 72 litres
Supply of milk in evening = 28 litres
Cost of per litre milk = ₹ 39
Money of per day = ₹ 39 ( 72 | + 28 |)
= ₹ 39 × 100 = ₹3900
Question 15.
State whether the following statements are true ( T) or false (F) :
(i) If the product of two whole numbers is zero, then atleast one of them
will be zero.
(ii) If the Product of two whole numbers is 1, then each of them must be
equal to 1.
(iii) If a and b are whold numbers such that a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0, then ab
may be zero.
Solution:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
Question 16.
Replace each *by the correct digit in each of the following :
(i) 3 5 6
- *6*
* 9
(ii) 6 5 0 *
- *0 * 5
4* 57
(iii) 1 7 0 0 * 4
- 8** 47
* 8 6 6*
Solution:
(i) 3 5 6
- 267
89
(ii) 6 5 0 2
- 20 4 5
4 4 57
(iii) 1 7 0 0 1 4
- 81347
8 8667
Exercise 2.3
Question 1.
Using shorter method, find
(i) 3246 + 9999
(ii) 7501 + 99999
(iii) 5377 – 999
(iv) 25718 – 9999
(v) 123 × 999
(vi) 203 × 9999
Solution:
(i) 3246 + 9999
= ( 3246 – 1 ) + ( 9999 + 1 ) (Adding and subtracting 1)
= 3245 + 10000 = 13245
(ii) 7501 + 99999

= ( 7501 – 1 ) + ( 99999 + 1) (Adding and subtracting 1)
= 7500 + 100000 = 107500
(iii) 5377 – 999
= 5377 – ( 1000 – 1 )
= 5377 – 1000 + 1
= 4377 + 1 = 4378
(iv) 25718 – 9999

= 25718 – ( 10,000 – 1)
= 15718 + 1 = 15719
(v) 123 × 999

= 123 × ( 1000 – 1 ) ( By subtracting 1)
= 123 × 1000 - 1 × 123
= 123000 – 123 = 122877
(vi) 203 × 9999

= 203 × (10,000 – 1) ( By subtracting 1)
= 203 × 10,000 - 203 × 1 = 2030000 – 203 = 2029797
Question 2.
Without using a diagram, find
(i) 9th square number
(ii) 7th triangular number
Solution:
(i) 9th square number = ?
The first square number is 1 × 1 = 1
The second square number is 2 × 2 = 4
The Third square number is 3 × 3 = 9
Similarly 9th square number is 9 × 9 = 81
(ii) 7th triangular number = ?

first triangular number = 1
second triangular number is = 1 + 2 = 3
Third triangular number = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
Similarly 7th triangular number = 1 + 2 + 3
Fourth triangular number = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10

Similarly, 7th triangular number = 1 + 2 +3 +4 + 5 +6 + 7 = 28
Question 3.
(i) Can a rectangular number be a square number ?
(ii) Can a triangular number be a square number ?
Solution:
(i) Yes, 9 is a square as well as rectangular number.
(ii) Yes, 8th triangular number = 36, which is a square number.
Question 4.
Observe the following patterns and fill in the blanks:
1 × 9 + 1 = 10
12 × 9 + 2 = 110
12 × 9 + 3 = 1110
12 × 9 + 4 = …………..
12 × 9 + 5 = …………..
Solution:
1 × 9 + 1 = 10
12 × 9 + 2 = 110
12 × 9 + 3 = 1110
12 × 9 + 4 = 11110
12 × 9 + 5 = 111110
Question 5.
Observe the following pattern and fill in the blanks :
9 × 9 + 7 = 88
98 × 9 + 6 = 888
987 × 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 × 9 + 4 = ………….
98765 × 9 + 3 = ………….
Solution:
9 × 9 + 7 = 88
98 × 9 + 6 = 888
987 × 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 × 9 + 4 = 88888
98765 × 9 + 3 = 888888
Mental Maths
Question 1.
(i) A whole number is less than all those whole numbers that lie to its
on the number line.
(ii) One more than a given whole is callled its
(iii) There is atleast one whole number between two whole numbers.
(iv) 738 × 335 = 738 × ( 300 + 30 + …….)
(v) If a is a non-zero whole number and × = , then a = …..
vi ……. is the only whole number which is not a natural number.
(vii) The additive identity in whole numbers is ……….
Solution:
(i) A whole number is less than all those whole numbers that lie to its
on the number line.
(ii) One more than a given whole is callled its
(iii) There is atleast one whole number between two whole numbers.
(iv) 738 × 335 = 738 × ( 300 + 30 + 5)
(v) If a is a non-zero whole number and × = , then a = 1.
vi 0 is the only whole number which is not a natural number.
(vii) The additive identity in whole numbers is 0.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are ture (T) or False (F) :
(i) The Predecessor of a 3-digit number is always a 3-digit number.
(ii) The Successor of a 3-digit number is always a 3-digit number.
(iii) if a any whole number, then a + a = 1.
(iv) If a is any non-zero whole number, then 0 ÷ a = 0.
(v) On adding two diffferent whole numbers, we always get a natural
number.
(vi) Between two whole numbers there is a whole number.
(vii) There is a natural number which when added to a natural number,
gives that number.
(viii) If the product of two whole numbers is zero, then atleast one of
them is zero.
Solution:
(i) The Predecessor of a 3-digit number is always a 3-digit number.
False
(ii) The successor of a 3-digit number is always a 3-digit number. False
(iii) If a is any whole number, then a ÷ a = 1. False
(iv) If a is any non-zero whole number, then 0 ÷ a = 0. True
(v) On adding two diffferent whole numbers, we always get a natural
number. True
(vi) Between two whole numbers there is a whole number. False
(vii) There is a natural number which when added to a natural number,
gives that number. False
(viii) If the product of two whole numbers is zero, then atleast one of
them is zero. True
Choose the correct answer from the give four options ( 3 to 16) :
Question 3 :
The whole number which does not have a predecessor in whole number
system is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) none of these
Solution:
0
Question 4 :
The predecessor of the smallest 4-digit number is
(a) 99
(b) 999
(c) 1000
(d) 1001
Solution:
The smallest 4-digit number = 1000
The predecessor of the given number
= 1000 – 1 = 999(b)
Question 5 :
The predecessor of 1 million is
(a) 9999
(b) 99999
(c) 999999
(d) 1000001
Solution:
predecessor is 1 less than the given number
= 1000000 – 1 = 999999(c)
Question 6.
Thr product of the preedecessor and the successor of the greatest 2-digit
number is
(a) 9900
(b) 9800
(c) 9700
(d) none of these
Solution:
Greatest 2-digit number = 99
Successor = 99 + 1 = 100
Predecessor = 99 – 1 = 100
∴ Product = 98 + 1 × 99 – 1
= 100 × 98 = 9800 (b)
Question 7.
The sum of the successor of the greatest 3-digit number and the
predecessor of the smallest 3-digit number is
(a) 1000
(b) 1100
(c) 1101
(d) 1099
Solution:
Greatest 3-digit number = 999
Successor = 999 + 1 = 1000
Smallest 3-digit number = 100
Predecessor = 100 – 1 = 99
∴ Their sum = 1000 + 99 = 1099 (d)
Question 8.
The number of whole numbers between 22 and 54 is
(a) 30
(b) 31
(c) 32
(d) 42
Solution:
The whole numbers between 22 and 54 are 23, 24, 25, 26, 26,….23.
Number of these number = 53 – 222 = 31 (b)
Question 9.
The number of whole numbers betweeen the smallest whole number and
the greatest 2-digit number is
(a) 100
(b) 99
(c) 98
(d) 88
Solution :
98 ( Between 0 and 99 ) (c)
Question 10.
If a is a whole number such that a + a = a, then a is equal to
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) none of these
Solution :
0 (a)
Question 11.
The value of ( 93 × 63 + 93 × 37) is
(a) 930
(b) 9300
(c) 93000
(d) none of these
Solution:
( 93 × 63 + 93 × 37)
= 93 ( 63 + 37)
= 93 × 100 = 9300(b)
Question 12.
Which of the following is not equal to zero ?
(a) 0 × 5
(b) 0 = 5
(c) ( 10 – 10 ) + 5
(d) ( 5 – 0 ) + 5
Solution :
( 5 – 0 ) + 5 = 1 (d)
Question 13.
Which of the following statement is true ?
(a) 21 – ( 13 – 5 ) = ( 21 – 13 ) – 5
(b) 21 – 13 is not a whole number
(c) 21 × 1 = 21 × 0
(d) 13 – 21 is not a whole number
Solution:
13 – 21 is not a whole number (d)
Question 14.
Which of the following statement is not true ?
(a) Zero is the identity for multiplication of whole numbers.
(b) Addition and multiplication both are commutattive for whole
numbers.
(c) Addition and multiplication both are commutative for whole
numbers.
(d) Multiplication is distributive over addition for whole numbers.
Solution:
(a) Zero is the identity for multiplication of whole numbers.
Question 15.
On dividing a number by 9 we get 47 as quotient and 5 as remainder.
The number is
(a) 418
(b) 428
(c) 429
(d) none of these
Solution : (b) 428
Question 16.
By using dot (•) pattern, which of the following numbers can be
arranged in two ways namely a triangle and a rectangle ?
(a) 12
(b) 11
(c) 10
(d) 9
Solution:
10 (c)

Question 1.
The height of a slippery pole is 10m and an insect is trying to climb the
pole. The insect climbs 5 m in one minute and them slips down by 4m.
In how much time will insect reach the top ?
Solution:
In first 1 min, insect climbs 5 metres, then slips down 4 metres.
So it climbs 1 metres every 1 mins, except the last minure.
In the last minute, it would cover all 5 metres and reach the top.
So keeping 1 min aside for last 5 metres. Total distance to be covered is
10m, in which we subtract the last 5m for last climb. So, to cover first
5m:
Time required = 5m × 1 min = 5 min Adding that last 1 min, it takes 6
mins to reach the top of a pole.
Question 2.
Which is greater, the sum of first twenty whole numbers or the product
of first twenty whole numbers ?
Solution:
Sum of first 20 whole numbers :
0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ………+ 19 = 190
Product of first 20 whole numbers :
0 × 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × …… × 19 = 0
Hence, sum of first 20 whole numbers is greater than its product.
Question 3.
If a whole number is divisible by 2 and 4, is it divisible by 8 also?
Solution:
May or may not.
Example :
(i) 12, 20, 28 are the whole number which is divided by both 2 and 4,
but is not divisible by 8.
(ii) 8, 16, 24 are the whole numbers which are divided by 2, 4 and 8.
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Write next three consecutive whole numbers of the number 9998.
Solution.
The next three consecutive whole number of 9998 are :
9998 + 1 = 9999
9999 + 1 = 10000
10000 + 1 =10001
∴ Numbers are = 9999, 10000, 10001
Question 2.
Write three consecutive whole numbers occuring just before 567890.
Solution.
The three consecutive whole numbers just before 567890 are:
567890 – 1 = 567889 – 1 = 567888 – 1
= 567887
∴ These are : 567889, 567888, ,567887
Question 3.
Find the product of the successor and the predecessor of the smallest
number of 3-digits.
Solution :
Smallest number of 3-digits = 100
Successor = 100 + 1
Predecessor = 100 -1
∴ Product = 100 + 1 × 100 - 1
= 101 × 99 = 9999
Question 4.
Find the product of the whole numbers between the smallest and the
greatest numbers of 2-digits.
Solution :
Smallest number of 2-digits = 10
Greatest number of 2-digits = 99
Numbers between 10 and 99
11, 12, ………, 98
= 98 – 10 = 88
Question 5.
Find the following sum by suitable arrangements :
(i) 678 + 1319 + 322 + 5681
(ii) 777 + 546 + 1463 + 223 + 537
Solution:
(i) 678 + 1319 + 322 + 5681
= ( 678 + 322 ) + ( 5681 + 1319 )
= 1000 + 7000 = 8000
(ii) 777 + 546 + 1463 + 223 + 537

= (777 + 223) + ( 1463 + 537) + 546
= 1000 + 2000 + 546 = 3546
Question 6.
Determine the following products by suitable arrangements :
(i) 625 × 437 × 16
(ii) 309 × 25 × 7 × 8
Solution:
(i) 625 × 437 × 16
= 437 × ( 625 × 16
= 437 × 10000 = 4370000
(ii) 309 × 25 × 7 × 8
= 309 × 7 × 25 × 8
= 2163 × 200 = 432600
Question 7.
Find the value of the following by using suitable properties :
(i) 236 × 414 + 236 × 563 + 236 × 23
(ii) 370 × 1587 – 37 × 10 × 587
Solution:
(i) 236 × 414 + 236 × 563 + 236 × 23
= 236 × ( 414 + 563 + 23)
= 236 × ( 1000) = 236000
(ii) 370 × 1587 – 37 ×10 × 587

= 37 × 10 ( 1587 – 587)
= 370 × 1000 = 370000
Question 8.
Divide 6528 by 29 and check the result by division algorithm.
Solution :
6528 ÷ 29
225
29 6528
58
72
- 58
148
- 145
3
∴ Quotient = 225
and Remainder = 3
Question 9.
Find the greatest 4-digit number which is exactly divisible by 357.
Solution:
Largest 4 digit number is 9999
28
357 9999
714
2859
- 2856
3
Dividing 9999 by 357, we get
Remainder = 3
Subtracting 3 from 9999, 9999 – 3 = 9996,
we get the required number divisible by 357.
So 9996
Question 10.
Find the smallest 5-digit number which is exactly divisible by 279.
Solution:
Smallest 5-digit number is 1000
35
279 10000
837
1630
- 1395
235
Dividing it by 279, we get remainder = 235
To make the smallest 5-digit number exactly divisible by 279, we have
to add 279 – 235 = 44 in 10000
∴ 10000 + 44 = 10044.
Chapter 3
Integers
Exercise 3.1
Question 1.
Write the opposite of the following :
(i) Loss of ₹5000
(ii) 30 km East of Delhi
(iii) 200m above sea level
(iv) 324 BC
(v) Spending ₹2700
(vi) 25℃ above freezing point.
Solution :
(i) Profit of ₹5000
(ii) 30 km West of Delhi
(iii) 200m below sea level
(iv) 325 AD
(v) Earning ₹2700
(vi) 25℃ below freezing point.
Question 2.
Write each of the following using appropriate sign ‘+’ or ‘-’:
(i) Gain of 3 kg Weight
(ii) Earning ₹1340
(iii) 20℃ below freezing point
(iv) Loss of ₹470
(v) Depositing ₹2500 in a bank
(vi) 240m below sea level
(vii) A jet planeflying at a height of 9329 m.
(viii) 6m down in the basement of a building.
Solution :
(i) +3kg weight
(ii) + ₹ 1340
(iii) -20℃
(iv) -₹470
(v) +₹2500
(vi) -240m
(vii) +9320m
(viii) -6
Question 3.
In each of the following pairs, which number is to the right of the other
on the number line ?
(i) 3, 5
(ii) 0, -2
(iii) -3, -5
(iv) 2, -7
Solution:
(i) 5
(ii) 0
(iii) -3
(iv) 2
Question 4.
In each of the following pairs, which number is to the left of the other on
the number lines ?
(i) -3, 0
(ii) 2, -5
(iii) -4, -7
(iv) -10, -16
Solution:
(i) -3
(ii) -5
(iii) -7
(iv) -16
Question 5.
Draw a number line and answer the following questions :
(i) which integers line between -9 and -2 ?
(ii) which is the largest among them ?
(iii) Which is the smallest among them ?
(i) -7, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3

(ii) -3
(iii) -8
Question 6.
Write four consecutinve integers just greater than -9.
Solution:
The foure consecutive integers just greater than -9.
First consecutive = -9 + 1 = -8
Second consecutive = -8 + 1 = -7
Third consecutive = -7 + 1 = -6
Fourth consecutive = -6 + 1 = -5
These are = -8, -7, -6, -5
Question 7.
Write four consecutinve integers just before -2.
Solution:
The four consecutive integers just before -2 are
First consecutive = -2 -1 = -3
Second consecutive = -3 -1 = -4
Third consecutive = - 4 -1 = -5
Fourth consecutive = -5 -1 = -6
∴ These are = -6, -5, -4, -3
Question 8.
Draw a number line and answer the following questions:
(i) Which number will we reach if we move 6 units to the right of -1 ?
(ii) Which number will we reach it we move 7 units to the left to 2 ?
(iii) in Which direction should we move to reach 3 from -3 ?
(iv) In which direction should we move to reach -8 from -3 ?
Solution:
(i)
After moving 6 units to the right -1, we reach at 5.

(ii)
After moving 7 units to the left of 2, we reach at -5.
(iii)
To reach 3 from -3, we have to move in right direction.
(iv)
To reach -8 from -3, we have to move in left direction.
Question 9.
Using the number line, write the integer which is :
(i) 5 more than -1
(ii) 5 less than -1
(iii) 7 less than 2
(iv) 3 more than -7
Solution :
(i) 5 more than -1
Question 10
Evaluate the following :
(i) |13 − 5|
(ii) |5 − 13|
(iii) |−11| + |9|
(iv) |−8| + |−6|
(v) |7| - |−3|
(vi) |−19| - |−13|
Solution:
(i) |13 − 5|
∴ |13 − 5| = 13 – 5 = 8
(ii) |5 − 13|
∴ |5 − 13| = |−8|
since |−8| = 8
(iii) |−11| + |9|

Since |−11| = 11 |9| =9
∴ 11 + 9 = 20
(iv) |−8| + |−6|

Since |−8| = 8 and |−6| = 6
∴ 8 + 6 = 14
(v) |7| - |−3|
Since |7| = 7 and |−3| = 3
∴ 7-3=4
(vi) |−19| - |−13|
Since |−19| = 19 and |−13| = 13
∴ 19 - 13 = 6
Question 11.
Use the appropriate symbol < or > to fill in the following blanks :
(i) -3 ………….7
(ii) 0 ………..-2
(iii) -10 ……………-11
(iv) -6……………-2
(v) -5……………-13
(vi) -30………….-19
Question 12
Arrange the following integers in ascending order.
(i) -5, 3, 0, -9, 2
(ii) -28, -33, 9, -4, -31, -2, -35
Solution:
(i) -9, -5, 0, 2, 3
(ii) -33, -31, -28, -4, -2 9, 35
Question 13.
Arrange the following integers in descending order.
(i) -31, 25, -37, 43, 0,-5
(ii) -101, 95, -3, -8, 36, -7, -84
Solution:
(i) 4, 3, 25, 0, -5, -31, -37
(ii) 95, 36, -3, -7, -8, -84, -101
Question 14.
State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):
(i) 0 is the smallest integer .
(ii) Every negative integer is less than every natural nuumber.
(iii) -7 is to the right of -6 on the number line,
(iv) The absolute value of an integer is always greater than the integer
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) False
Exercise 3.2
Question 1.
Evaluate the following, using the numbers line
(i) 4 + (-5)
(ii) (-4) + 5
(iii) 7 + (-3)
(iv) -6 + (-2)
Solution:
(i) Start from 4 on the number line.
Move 5 units to the left, we reach at -14
∴ + (-5) = 4 – 5 = -1
(ii) Start from -4 on the number line.

Move 5 units to the left, we reach at 1
∴ (-4) + 5 = - 4 + 5 = 1
(iii) Start from 7 on the number line.
Move 3 units to the left, we reach at 4
∴ 7 + (-3) = 7 – 3 = 4
Question 2.
(i) (-8) + (-14)
(ii) -35 + (-47)
(iii) 91 + (-48)
(iv) (-203) + 501
(v) (-36) + 29
(vi) (-131) + 97
Solution:
(i) (-8) + (-14)
= -8 - 14 = -22
(ii) -35 + (-47)

= -35 – 47 = -82
(iii) 91 + (-48)
= 91 – 48 = 43
(iv) (-203) + 501
= -203 +501 = 298
(v) (-36) + 29
= -36 + 29 = -7
(vi) (-131) + 97
= -131 + 97 = -34
Question 3.
(i) -1083 + (-3974)
(ii) 706 + (-394)
(iii) 1309 + (-2811)
Solution:
(i) -1083 + (-3974)
= -1083 - 3974
= - ( 1083 + 3974)
= - 5057
(ii) 706 + (-394)

= 706 – 394
= 312
(iii) 1309 + (-2811)
= 1309 -2811
= -2811 + 1309
= - 1502
Question 4.
Fill in the following blanks:
(i) –(-5) = ………
(ii) – (-30) = ……
(iii) – ( -539) = ………..
Solution:
(i) – (-5) = 5
(ii) – (-30) = 30
(iii) –(-539) = 539
Question 5.
Write down the additive inverses of :
(i) 9
(ii) -11
(iii) -237
(iv) 567
Solution:
(i) Additive inverse of 9 = (-9) = -9

(ii) Additive inverse of -11 = - (-11) = 11
(iii) Additive inverse of -237 = -(-237) = 237
(iv) Additive inverse of 567 = - (567) = -567
Exercise 3.3
Question 1.
Evaluate the following, using the number line :
(i) 4 – ( -2)
(ii) -4 – (-2)
(iii) 3 – 6
(iv) -3 – ( -5)
Solution:
(i) Start from 4 on the number line.
Move 2 units to the digits we reach at 6
∴ 4 – (-2) = 4 + 2 = 6
(ii) Start from -4 on the number line.

Move 2 units to the digits we reach at -2.
∴ -4 – (-2) = -4 + 2 = -2
(iii) Start from 3 on the number line.
Move 6 unit to the left, we reach at -3.
3 − 6 = −3
(iv) Start from -3 on the number line.

Move 5 units to the right, we reach at 2
-3 – (-5) = -3 + 5 = 2
Question 2.
Subtract :
(i) -6 from 9
(ii) 6 from -9
(iii) -6 from -9
(iv) -725 from -63
(v) -376 from 10
(vi) 92 from -620
Solution:
(i) 9 – (-6) = 9 + 6 = 15
(ii) -9 - 6 = -15
(iii) -9 – (-6) = -9 + 6 = -3
(iv) -63 – ( -725) = -63 + 725 = +662
(v) 10 – ( -376) = 10 + 376 = 386
(vi) - 620 – 92 = -712
Question 3.
Evaluate the following:
(i) -237 - ( + 1884)
(ii) -346 - ( -1275)
(iii) -190 – ( -3512)
(iv) -2718 – ( + 6827)
Solution:
(i) -237 – ( + 1884)
= -237 – 1884
= -(237 + 1884) = -2121
(ii) -346 – ( -1275)

= - 346 + 1275
= 1275 – 346 = 929
(iii) -190 – ( -3512)

= -190 + 3512
= 3512 – 190 = 3322
(iv) 2718 – (+ 6827)
= -2718 – 6827
= -9545
Question 4.
The sum of two integers is 17. If one of them is -35, find the other.
Solution:
One number = -35
Sum of two integers = 17
Second number = Sum of integers – ( The given number)
= 17 – ( -35)
= 17 + 35 = 52
Question 5.
What must be added to -23 to get -9 ?
Solution:
Let the number to be added = x
∴ -23 + x = -9
∴ The required number = -9 – ( -23)
= -9 + 23 = 14
Question 6.
Find the Predecessor of 0.
Solution:
Predecessor of 0 = 0 – 1 = -1
Question 7.
Find the successor and the predecessor of the following integers :
(i) -31
(ii) -735
(iii) -240
Solution :
(i) Successor of -31 = -31 + 1 = -30
Predecessor of -31 = -31 – 1 = -32
(ii) Successor of -735 = -735 + 1 = -734

Predecessor of -735 = -735 – 1 = -736
(iii) Successor of -240 = -240 + 1 = -239

Predecessor of -240 – 1 = - 241
Exercise 3.4
Question 1.
Find the value of:
(i) 6 – 9 + 4
(ii) – 5 – ( -3) + 2
(iii) 7 + (-5) + (-6)
(iv) 6 – 3 – (-5)
Solution:
(i) 6 – 9 + 4
= (6+4)–9
= 10 – 9 = 1
(ii) -5 – (-3) + 2
= -5 + 3 + 2 = -5 + 5 = 0
(iii) 7 + (-5) + (-6)

=7–5–6
= 2 – 6 = -4
(iv) 6 – 3 – ( -5)
=6–3+5=8
Question 2.
(i) -77 + (-84) + 318
(ii) 54 + (-218) – (-76)
(iii) -121 – (-78) + (-193) + 576
(iv) -65 + (-76) – (-28) + 32
Solution:
(i) - 77 + (-84) + 318
= -77 - 84 + 318
= - (161 ) + 318
= 318 – 161 = 157
(ii) 54 + (-218) – (-76)

= 54 – 218 + 76
= ( 54 + 76 ) – 218
= 130 – 218
= -88
(iii) -121 - (-78) + (-193) + 576
= -121 + 78 – 193 + 576
= - (121 + 193) + 78 + 576
= - ( 314) + 654
= 654 – 314 = 340
(iv) -65 + (-76) – ( -28) + 32

= -65 – 76 + 28 + 32
= - ( 65 + 76 ) + 60
= -141 + 60 = -81
Question 3.
Find the value of :
(i) 8 – 6 + (-2) – (-3) + 1
(ii) 31 + (-23) – 35 + 18 – 4 – (-3)
Solution:
(i) 8 – 6 + (-2) – (-3) + 1
=8–6–2+3+1
= -6 – 2 + 8 + 3 + 1
= - 8 + 12 = 4
(ii) 31 + (-23) – 35 + 18 – 4 – (-3)
= 31 -23 – 35 + 18 – 4 – ( -3)
= -23 – 35 – 4 + 31 + 18 + 3
= -23 – 35 – 4 + 52
= -62 + 52 = -10
Question 4.
Rashmi deposited ₹ 4370 in her accound on Monday and then withdrew
₹ 2875 on Tuesday. Next day she deposited ₹ 1550. What was her
balancee on Thursday ?
Solution:
Rashmi deposited in her accound on Monday = ₹ 4370
Less withdrawl on Tuesday = ₹ 2875
So the Balance on Tuesday
= ₹ 4370 - ₹ 2875
= ₹1495
Again she deposited on Wednesday = ₹ 1550
Balance on Thursday
= ₹1495 + ₹1550
= ₹3045
Objective Types Questions
Mental maths
Question 1.
(i) The absolute value of 0 is ……….
(ii) The sum of two negative integers is always a ……integer.
(iii) The smallest positive integer is……….
(iv) The largest negative integer is …………
(v) 17 + ……… = 0
(vi) ……….. – 15 = -10
(vii) The predecessor of -99 is ……….
Solution:
(i) The absolute value of 0 is 0.
(ii) The sum of two negative integers is always a negative integer.
(iii) The smallest positive integer is 1.
(iv) The largest negative integer is -1.
(v) 17 + -17 = 0
(vi) 5 – 15 = -10
(vii) The Predecessor of -99 is -100.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true (T) or False (F) :
(i) The sum of a positive integer and a negative integer is always a
negative integer.
(ii) Zero is an integer.
(iii) The sum of an integer and its negative is always zero.
(iv) The sum of three integers can never be zero.
(v) |-7| < |-3|.
(vi) -20 is to the left of -21 on the number line.
(vii) The successor of -29 is -30.
(viii) 0 is greater than every negative integer.
(ix) The difference of two integers is always an integer.
(x) Additive inverse of a negative integer is always a positive integer.
Solution:
(i) The sum of a positive integer and a negative integer is always a
negative integer. False
(ii) Zero is an integer. True

(iii) The sum of an integer and its negative is always zero. True
(iv) The sum of three integers can never be zero. False
(v) |-7| < |-3|. False
(vi) -20 is to the left of -21 on the number line. False
(vii) The successor of -29 is -30. False
(viii) 0 is greater than every negative integer. True
(ix) The difference of two integers is always an integer. True
(x) Additive inverse of a negative integer is always a positive integer.
True
Question 3.
State whether the following statements are true or false. If a
statement is false, write the corresponding correct statement.
(i) -8 is to the right of -10 on the number line.
(ii) -100 is to the right of -50 on the number line.
(iii) Smallest negative integer is -1.
(iv) -26 is greater than -25.
(v) -187 is the predecessor of -188.
Solution :
(i) -8 is to the right of -10 on the number line. True
(ii) -100 is to the right of -50 on the number line. False
Correct :
-100 is to the left of -50 on the number line.
(iii) Smallest negative integer is -1. False
Correct :
Greatest negative integer is -1.
(iv) -26 is greater than -25. False
Correct :
-26 is smaller than -25.
(v) -187 is the predecessor of -188. False
Correct:
-187 is the successor of -188.

Choose the correct answer from the given four options ( 4 to 17):
Question 4.
The integer which is 5 more than -2 is
(a) -7
(b) -3
(c) 3
(d) 7
Solution:
3 (c)
Integer 3 is 5 more than -2
Question 5.
The number of integers between -1 and 1 is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
‘0’ lies between -1 and 1
∴ -1, 0, 1 = 1 number(b)
Question 6.
The number of integers between -3 and 2 are
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Solution:
-2, -1, 0, 1 lies between -3 and 2
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 = 4 numbers (c)
Question 7.
The number of whole numbers between -6 and 6 is
(a) 11
(b) 10
(c) 6
(d) 5
Solution:
Number -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5 lies between -6 and 6.
Among them 0, 1, 2 ,3, 4, 5 are whole numbers.
∴ 6 whole numbers lies between -6 and 6 (c).
Question 8.
The greatest integer lying -10 and -15 is
(a) -10
(b) -11
(c) -14
(d) -15
Solution:
-11(b)
Question 9.
The smallest integer lying between -10 and -15 is
(a) -10
(b) -11
(c) -14
(d) -15
Solution:
-14 (c)
Question 10.
Which of the following statement is true ?
(a) | 10 – 4 | = | 10| + |-4|
(b) Additive inverse of -5 is 5
(c) -1 lies on the right of 0 on the number line
(d) -7 is greater than -3
Solution:
Additive inverse of -5 is 5(b)
Question 11.
Which of the following statement is false ?
(a) -20 – (-5) = -15
(b) |-18| > | -13|
(c) 23 + (-31) = 8
(d) Every negative integer is less than 5
Solution:
23 + ( - 31) = 8
The correct answer will be
23 + ( -31) = -8(c)
The correct answer will be
23 + (-31) = -8 (c)
Question 12.
Which of the following statements is false ?
(a) (-3) + (-11) is an integer
(b) (-19) + 13 = 13 + (-19)
(c) (-15) + 0 = -15 = 0 + (-15)
(d) Negative of -7 does not exist
Solution:
Negative of -7 does not exist, is false statement.
Negative of -7 is –(-7) = 7(d)
Question 13.
If the sum of two integers is -17 and one of them is -9, then the other is
(a) 8
(b) -8
(c) 26
(d) -26
Solution:
-17 – (9)
= -17 + 9 = -8(b)
Question 14.
On subtracting -7 from -4, we get
(a) 3
(b) -3
(c) -11
(d) none of these
Solution:
-4 – (-7)
= -4 + 7 = 3(a)
Question 15.
(-12) + 17 – (-10) is equal to
(a) -5
(b) 5
(c) 15
(d) -15
Solution:
(-12) + 17 – (-10)
= -12 + 27 = 15(c)
Question 16.
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) -13 > -8 – (-6)
(b) -5 – 4 > -12 + 2
(c) (-8) – 3 = ( -3) – ( -8)
(d) (-15) – (-22) < (-22) – (-15)
Solution:
-5 – 4 > -12 + 2
-5 -4 > -12 + 2
= 9 > -10
∴ -9 is always greater than -10(b)
Question 17.
The statement “when an integer is added to itself, the sum is less than
the integer” is
(a) always true
(b) never true
(c) true only when the integer is negative
(d) true when the integer is zero or positive
Solution:
true only when the integer is negative (c)
Question 1.
Can the sum of successor and predecessor of an integer be an odd
integer ?
Solution:
No, the sum of successor and predecessor of an integer cannot be an odd
integer.
Question 2.
What is the sum of all integers from -500 to 500 ?
Solution:
The sum of all integer from -500 to 500 = -500 + 500 = 0
Question 3.
Find two positive integers such that their product is 1,00,000 and none
of them containes 0 an a digit.
Solution:
We shall findthefactors of 1,00,000 to find the two positive integers such
that their product is 1,00,000.
2 100000
2 50000
2 25000
2 12500
2 6250
5 3125
5 625
5 125
5 25
5 5
1
The factors of 100000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2× 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5

∴ The positive integers which have the product 100000 are
(i) 2 × 2 × 2 × 2× 2 = 32
(ii) and 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3125
∴ The positive integers which have the product 100000 are

(i) 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
(ii) and 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3125
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Use the appropriate symbol < or > to fill in the following blanks:
(i) ( -3 + …….. (-6) (-3) – (-6)
(ii) ( -21) – (-10) ….(-31) + (-11)
(iii) 45 – (-11) ………(57) +(-4)
(iv) (-25) – (-42) ………(-42) – (-25)
Question 2.
Find the value of:
(i) 12 + (-3) + 5 – (-2)
(ii) 39 – 35 + 7 – (-4) + 21
(iii) -15 – (-2) – 71 – 8 + 6
Solution:
(i) 12 + (-3) + 5 – (-2)
= 12 – 3 + 5 + 2
= 9 + 7 = 16
(ii) 39 – 35 + 7 – (-4) + 21
= 39 – 35 + 7 + 4 + 21
= 4 + 11 + 21
= 15 + 21 = 36
(iii) -15 – (-2) – 71 – 8 + 6
= - 15 + 2 – 71 – 8 + 6
= - 13 – 79 + 6
= 92 + 6 = -86
Question 3.
Evaluate :
(i) |-13| - | -15|
(ii) |35 – 41| - | 7 – (-2)|
Solution:
(i ) |-13| - | -15|
= + 13 – 15 = -2
(ii) | 35 – 41 | - | 7 – (-2)|
= 6 – 9 = -3
Question 4.
Arrange the following integers in ascending order :
-39, 35, -102, 0, -51, -5, -6, 7
Solution:
-102, -51, -39, -6, -5, 0, 7, 35
Question 5.
Find the successor and the predecessor of -199.
Solution:
Successor = -199 – 1 = -198
Predecessor = -199 – 1 = -200
Question 6.
Subtract the sum of -235 and 137 from -152.
Solution:
Sum of (-235 and 137)
= -235 + 137
= 137 – 235 = -98
Now, subtract the sum of (-235 and 137) from -152.
= 152 – (-98)
= -152 + 98 = -54
Question 7.
What must be added to -176 to get -95 ?
Solution:
Let the number to be added = x
∴ - 176 + x = -95
x = -95 + 176 = 81
Question 8.
What is the difference in height between a point 270m above sea level
and 80m below sea level?
Solution :
Height above sea level = + 270m
Height below sea level = -80m
Difference = +270 – (-80)
= 270 + 80 = 350m
Chapter 4
Playing With Numbers
Exercise 4.1
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) A number having exactly two factors is called a …….
(ii) A number having more than two factors is called a……….
(iii) 1 is neither ……..nor ……….
(iv) The smallest prime number is……….
(v) The smallest odd prime number is……….
(vi) The smallest composite number is…………..
(vii)The smallest odd composite number is……….
(viii) All prime numbers ( except 2) are………
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) False
(viii) False
(ix) True
(x) False
(xi) True
Question 3.
Write all the factors of the following natural numbers:
(i) 68
(ii) 27
(iii) 210
Solution:
(i) 68
The factors of 68 are : 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, 68
(ii) 27
The factors of 27 are : 1, 3, 9, 27
(iii) 210
The factors of 210 are:
1, 2,3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15, 21, 30, 35, 42, 70, 105, 210
Question 4.
Write first six multiples of the following natural numbers:
(i) 3
(ii) 5
(iii) 12
Solution:
(i) 3
The firsts six multiple of 3 are
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
(ii) 5
The first six multiples of 3 are
3, 6 ,9, 12, 15, 18
(iii) 12
The first six multiples of 12 are
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72
Question 5.
Match the items in column 1 with the items in colums 2:
Column 1 Column 2
(i) 15 (a) Multiple of 8
(ii) 36 (b) Factor of 30
(iii) 16 (c) Multiple of 70
(iv) 20 (d) Factor of 50
(v) 25 (e) Multiple of 9
(vi) 210 (f) Factor of 20
Question 6.
Find the common factors of :
(i) 20 and 28
(ii) 35 and 50
(iii) 56 and 120
Solution:
(i) 20 and 28
1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 The factors of 28 are:
1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28
The common factors of 20 and 28 are: 1, 2, 4
(ii) 35 and 20
1, 5, 7, 35
1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
The common factors of 35 and 20 are 1, 5
(iii) 56 and 120

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40, 60, 120
The common factors of 56 and 120 are 1, 2, 4, 8
Question 7.
Find the common factors of:
(i) 4, 8, 12
(ii) 10, 30 and 45
Solution:
(i) The factors of 4 are :
1, 2, 4
The factors of 8 are :
1, 2, 4, 8
The factors of 12 are :
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
The common factors of 4, 8, 12 are 1, 2, 4
(ii) 10, 30 and 45.

The factor of 10 are:
1, 2, 5, 10
1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30
1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
The common factors of 10, 30, 45 are 1, 5
Question 8.
Write all natural numbers less than 100 which are common multiples of
3 and 4.
Solution:
Multiples of 3 are : 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,
48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87,
90, 93, 96, 99, 102, 105, 108,………
Multiple of 4 are : 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60,
64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108,………….
∴ Common multiples of 3 and 4 are : 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108,
…….
All the numbers less than 100 which are common multiples of 3 and 4
are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96.
Question 9.
(i) Write the odd numbers between 36 and 53.
(ii) Write the even numbers between 232 and 251.
Solution:
(i) The odd numbers between 36 and 53 are:
37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51.
(ii) The even numbers sbetween 232 and 251 are :

234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250.
Question 10.
(i) Write four consecutive odd numbers succeesing 79.
(ii) Write three consecutive even numbers preceding 124.
Solution:
(i) Four consecutive odd numbers succeeding 79 are : 81, 83, 85, 87.
(ii) Three consecutive even numbers preceding 124 are: 118, 120, 122.
Question 11.
What is greatest prime number between 1 and 15?
Solution:
The greatest prime number between 1 and 15 is 13.
Question 12.
Which of the following numbers are prime ?
(i) 29
(ii) 57
(iii) 43
(iv) 61
Solution:
(i) 29
We have, 29 = 1 × 29
= 29 has exactly two factors 1 and 29 itself.
∴ 29 is a prime number.
(ii) 57
We have, 57 = 1 × 57 = 3 × 19 = 57
∴ Factors of 57 are 1, 3, 19 and 57
⇒ 57 has more than two factors
∴ 57 is not a prime.
(iii) 43
We have, 43 = 1 × 43
⇒ 43 has exactly two factors 1 and 43 itself.
(iv) 61
We have, 61 = 1 × 61
Question 13.
Which of the following pairs of numbers are co-prime?
(i) 12 and 35
(ii) 15 and 37
(iii) 27 and 32
(iv) 17 and 85
(v) 515 and 516
(vi) 215 and 415
Solution:
(i) 12 and 35
The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
The factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7, 35
Since, the common factor of 12 and 35 is 1
∴ They are co-prime.
(ii) 15 and 37
The factors off 37 are 1, 37
The common factor of 15 and 37 is 1
(iii) 27 and 32
The factors of 32 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
Since, the common factor of 27 and 32 is 1 They are co-prime.
(iv) 17 and 85
The factors of 17 are 1, 17
∴ They are not co-prime because they have more than 1 common factor.
(v) 515 and 516

The factors of 516 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 43, 86, 129, 172, 258, 516
Since, the common factor of 515 and 516 are 1 and 5
∴ So, they are not co-prime.
(vi) 215 and 415

Since, the common factor of 215 and 415 are 1 and 5
∴ So, they are not co-prime.
Question 14.
Express each of the following numbers as the sum of two odd primes:
(i) 24
(ii) 36
(iii) 84
(iv) 98
Solution:
(i) 24
⇒ 24 = 5 + 19
(ii) 36
⇒ 36 = 7 + 29
(iii) 84
⇒ 84 = 17 + 67
(iv) 98
⇒ 98 = 19 + 79
Question 15.
Express each of the following numbers as the sum of twin-primes:
(i) 24
(ii) 36
(iii) 84
(iv) 120
Solution:
(i) 24
⇒ 24 = 11 + 13
(ii) 36
⇒ 36 = 17 + 19
(iii) 84
⇒ 84 = 17 + 19
(iii) 84
⇒ 84 = 41 + 43
(iv) 120
⇒ 120 = = 59 + 61
Question 16.
Express each of the following numbers as the sum of three odd
primes:
(i) 21
(ii) 35
(iii) 49
(iv) 63
Solution:
(i) 21
⇒ 21 = 3 + 7 + 11
(ii) 35
⇒ 35 = 5 + 11 + 19
(iii) 49
⇒ 49 = 7 + 11 + 31
(iv) 63
⇒ 63 = 7 + 13 + 43
Exercise 4.2
Question 1.
Which of the following numbers are divisible by 5 or by 10:
(i) 3725
(ii) 48970
(iii) 56823
(iv) 760035
(v) 7893217
(vi) 4500010
Solution:
(i) 3725 : divisible by 5 as last digit is 5.
(ii) 48970 : divisible by 5 and 10 both as last digit is 0.
(iii) 56283 : not divisible by 5 and neither by 10 as last digit is 3.
(iv) 760035 : divisible by 5 as last digit is 5.
(v) 7893217 : not divisible by 5 and neither 10 as last digit is 7.
(vi) 4500010 : divisible by both 5 and 10 as last digit is 0.
Question 2.
Which of the following numbers are divisible by 2, 4 or 8:
(i) 54014
(ii) 723840
(iii) 6531088
(iv) 75689604
(v) 78689604
(vi) 5321048
Solution:
(i) 54014
The last digit is 4, hence it is divisible by 2 but not by 4 and 8.
(ii) 723840
This number is divisible by 8, hence it should get divided by all its
factors i.e. 2 and 4 ( using property 1).
So, 723840 is divisible by 2, 4 and 8.
(iii) 6531088
This number is divided by 8.
So, by using property 1, it should also get divided by all its factorise 2
and 4.
Hence, 6531088 is divisible by 2, 4 and 8.
(iv) 75689604
This number is divisible by 4 and not by 8. By using property 1, if it is
divisible by 4, then it should also get divisible by its factors also i.e. 2.
(v) 786235
Since, the last digit of the number is 5, which is even. Hence, it is not
divisible by 2, 4 and 8.
(vi) 5321048
This number is divisible by 8.
So, by using property 1, if it is divisible by all its factors i.e. 2 and 4.
Question 3.
Which of the following numbers are divisible by 3 or 9:
(i) 7341
(ii) 59031
(iii) 12345678
(iv) 560319
(v) 720634
(vi) 37211509
Solution:
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digit is divisible by 3 or 9.
(i) 7341 = 7 + 3 + 4 + 1 = 15 : divisible by 3.
(ii) 59031 = 5+ 9 + 0 + 3 + 1 = 18; divisible by 3, 9.
(iii) 12345678 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36; divisible by 3,9.
(iv) 560319 = 5 + 6 + 0 + 3 + 1 + 9 = 24; divisible by 3.
(v) 720634 = 7 + 2 + 0 + 6 + 3 + 4 = 22; not divisible by 3,9.
(vi) 3721509 = 3 + 7 + 2 + 1 + 5 + 0 + 9 = 27; divisible by 3,9.
Question 4:
Examine the following numbers for divisibilty by 11:
(i) 10428
(ii) 70169803
(iii) 7136985
Solution:
(i) 10428 = 1 + 4 + 8 = 13 and 0 + 2 = 2
Their differences = 13- 2 = 11, divisible by 11
(ii) 70169803 = 7 + 1 + 9 + 0 = 17 and 0 + 6 + 8 + 3 = 17

Their differences = 17 -17 = 0, divisible by 11
(iii) 7136985 = 7 + 3 + 9 + 5 = 24 and 1 + 6 + 8 = 15

Their differences = 24 -15 = 9 not divisible by 11
Question 5.
(i) 93573
(ii) 217944
(iii) 5034126
(iv) 901352
(v) 639210
(vi) 1790184
Solution:
A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by 2 as well as by 3.
(i) 93573 : not divisible by 6 because, it is not divisible by 2.
(ii) 217944: divisible by 6, as it is divisible by both 2 and 3.

The last digit of 217944 is 4, which is divisible by 2.
∴ The number is divisible by 2.
Now, the sum of the digits 217944 = 2 + 1 + 7 + 9 + 4 + 4 = 27
27 is divisible by 3.
Hence, given number is divisible by 2 × 3 = 6
(iii) 5034126: divisible by 6, as it is divisible by both 2 and 3.

The last digit of 5034126 is 6, which is divisible by 2.
Now, sum of 5034126 = 5 + 0 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 6 = 21
21 is divisible by 3.
Hence, given number 5034126 is divisible by 6.
(iv) 901352
The last digit 901352 is 2, which is divisible by 2
∴ The given number is divisible by 2
Now, the sum of the digits of 901352 is
9 + 0 + 1 + 3 + 5 + 2 = 20
20 is not divisible by 3
The given number 901352 is not divisible by 6
So we can say 93573 is not divisible by 6
(v) 639210
The last digit of 639120 is 0, which is divisible by 2,
6 + 3 + 9 + 1 + 2 + 0 =21
21 is divisible by 3
The given number 639120 is divisible by 6
(vi) 1790184
The last digit of 1790184 is 4, which is divisible by 2,
1 + 7 + 9 + 0 + 1 + 8 + 4 = 30
∴ The given number 1790184 is divisible by 6
Question 6.
In each of the following replace ‘*’ by a digit so that the number formed
is divisible by 9 :
(i) 4710*82
(ii) 70*356722
Solution:
(i) 4710*82
The given number = 4710*81 Sum of its given digits
= 4 + 7 + 1 + 0 + 8 + 2 = 22
The number next to 22 which is divisible by 9 is 27.
∴ Required smallest number = 27 – 22 = 5
(ii) 70*356722
The given number = 70*356722 Sum of its given digits
= 7 + 0 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 2 + 2 = 32
The number next to 32 which is divisible by 9 is 36.
∴ Required smallest number = 36 – 32 = 4
Question 7.
In each of the following replace ‘*’ by (i) the smallest digit (ii) the
greatest digit so that the number formed is divisible by 3:
(a) 4*672
(b) 4756*2
Solution:
(a) 4*672
(i) Smallest digit
Sum of the given digits = 4 + 6 + 7 + 2 = 19
∵ 19 is not divisible by 3
∴ Smallest digit (non-zero) is = 2
(ii) Greatest digit

The greatest digit is 8
i.e. 19 + 8 = 27 which is divisible by 3
(b) 4756*2
(i) Smallest digit
Sum of the given digits = 4 + 7 + 5 + 6 = 24
∵ 24 is divisible by 3
∴ Smallest digit is 0.
(ii) Greatest digit

The greatest digit is 9
i.e. 24 + 9 = 33 which is divisible by 3.
Question 8.
In each of the following replace ‘*” by a digit so that the number
formed is divisible by 11 :
(i) 8*9484
(ii) 9*53762
Solution :
(i) 8*9484
Sum of the given digits ( at odd places) from the right
= 4 + 4 + required digit
= 8 + required digit
Sum of the given digits ( at even places) from the right = 8 + 9 + 8 = 25
Difference of sums = 25 – ( 8 + required digit) = 17 – required digit
11 is the number smaller than 17, who gets divided by 11
∴ For the above difference to be divisible by 11 required digit = 6
Hence the required number is 869784.
(ii) 9 *53762
Sum of the given digits ( at odd places) from the right
= 2 + 7 + 5 + 9 = 23
Sum of the given digits( at even places) from the right
= 6 + 3 + required number = 9
Differences of suns = 23 – ( 9 + required number)
= 14- required number for the above differences to be divisible by 11
required digit = 3
= 14 – 3 = 11
Hence, the required number is 9353762
Question 9
In each of the following replace ‘*’ by (i) the smallest digit 00 the
greatest digit so that the number formed is divisible by 6 :
(a) 2*4706
(b) 5825*34
Solution:
(a) 2*4706
If the number is divisible by 6 then the number should also get divisible
by 2 and 3.
⇒ The last digit of 2*4706 is 6, so it is divisible by 2.
⇒ The sum of 2*4706
⇒ 2 + 4 + 7 + 0 + 6 = 19
(i) Smallest required number to be added in 19 is 2.

As 19 + 2 = 21(i.e. 21 is divisible by 3)
(ii) Greatest required number to be added in 19 is 8

As 19 + 8 = 27 ( i.e. 27 is divisible by 3)
(b) 5825*34
If the number is divisible by 6, then it should get divisible by 2 and 3.
⇒ The last number is 4, so it is divisible by 2
⇒ The sum of 5825*34
⇒ 5 + 8 + 2 + 5 + 3 + 4 = 27
(i) The smallest number to be added in 27 is 0

27 + 0 = 27 ( 27 is 9 i.e. 27 + 9 = 36
36 is divided by 3
Question 10.
Which of the following numbers are prime:
(i) 101
(ii) 251
(iii) 323
(iv) 397
Solution:
(i) 101
We have, 101 = 1 × 101
(ii) 251
We have, 251 = 1 × 251
(iii) 323
We have, 323 = 1 × 323 = 17 × 19
∴ Factors of 323 are 1, 17, 19, 323
⇒ 323 has more than two factors.
323 is not a prime number.
(iv) 397
We have, 397 = 1 × 397
397 is a prime number.
Question 11.
Determin if 372645 is divisible by 45.
Solution:
To determine if 25110 is divisible by 45, we test it for divisible by 5 and
9 both. Divisibility of 372645 by 5
∴ Number in the unit’s place of 372645 = 5
∴ 372645 is divisible by 5
Divisibility of 372645 by 9
Sum of the digits of the number 372645 = 3 + 7 + 2 + 6 + 4 + 5 = 27
∵ 27 is divisible by 9
∴ 372645 is divisible by 9
As 372645 is divisible by 5 and 9 both and d5 and 9 are co-prime
numbers, so 372645 is divisible by 5 × 9 = 45
Question 12.
A number is divisible by 12. By what other numbers will that number be
divisible ?
Solution:
The number divisible by 12. should also get divisible by all its factors.
⇒ So, the numbers by which the given number is divisible are : 1, 2, 3, 4
,6.
Question 13.
A number is divisible by both 3 and 8. By which other numbers will that
number be always divisible ?
Solution:
Let a natural number, say n, be divisible by both 3 and 8.
As 3 and 8 are co-prime numbers using property n is divisible by 3 ×8.
i.e. 24.
Thus, the given number is always divisible by 24.
⇒ So the given number should get divided by all thefactors of 24.
Hence, the other number by which the given number is always divisible
are:
1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24.
Question 14:
State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) :
(i) If a number is divisible by 4, it must be divisible by 8.
(ii) If a number is divisible by 3, it must be divisible by 9.
(iii) If a number is divisible by 9, it must be divisible by 3.
(iv) If a number is divisible by 9 and 10 both, it must be divisible by 90.
(v) If a number divides two numbers separately, then it must divide their
sum.
(vi) If a number divides the sum of two numbers, then it must divide the
two numbers separately.
(vii) If a number is divisible by 3 and 8 both, it must be divisible by 12.
(viii) If a number is divisible by 6 and 15 both, it must be divisible by
90.
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) True
(vii) False
Exercise 4.3
Question.1 Here are two different factors tress of the number 90.
factor trees of the numer
Solution:
(i)
Factor trees = 90 = 2 × 5 × 3 × 3
(ii)
Factor trees = 5 × 3 × 3 × 2
Question 2.
Find the prime factorisation of the following numbers :
(i) 72
(ii) 172
(iii) 450
(iv) 980
(v) 8712
(vi) 13500
Solution:
(i) 72
2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
∴ 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
(ii) 172
2 172
2 86
43 43
1
∴ 172 = 2× 2× 43
(iii) 450
2 450
3 225
3 75
5 25
5 5
1
∴ 450 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
(iv) 980
2 980
2 490
5 245
7 49
7 7
1
∴ 980 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 7
(v) 8712
2 8712
2 4356
2 2178
3 1089
3 363
11 121
11 11
1
∴ 8712 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11
(vi) 13500
2 13500
2 6750
3 3375
3 1125
3 375
5 125
5 25
5 5
1
∴ 13500 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 ×5
Question 3.
Write the smallest and the greatest 3-digit numbers and express them as
the product of prime.
Solution:
Smallest 3 digit number =100
2 100
2 50
5 25
5 5
1
∴ 100 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
Greatest 3 digit number =999
3 999
3 333
3 111
37 37
1
∴ 999 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 37
Question 4.
Write the smallest five digit number and express it in the form of its
prime factors.
Solution:
The smallest 5-digit number is 10000
2 10000
2 5000
2 2500
2 1250
5 625
5 125
5 25
5 5
1
∴ 10000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
Question 5.
1 am the smallest number, having four different prime factors. Can you
find me ?
Solution:
The smallest four different prime numbers are 2, 3, 5 and 7.
∴ The smallest number, having four different prime factor is 2× 3 ×
5 × 7 = 210.
Exercise 4.4
Question 1.
Find the H.C.F of the given numbers by prime factorisation method:
(i) 28, 36
(ii) 54, 72,90
(iii) 105, 140, 175
Solution:
(i) Prime factorisation of the given numbers are:
28 = 2 × 2 × 7
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Notice that 2 occurs as a common prime factor atleast 2 times in both
given numbers.
∴ H.C.F. = 2 × 2 = 4
(ii) Prime factorisation of the given numbers are:

54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
Notice that 2 occurs as a common prime factor atleast one times and 3
atleat two times in given numbers.
∴ H.C.F. = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18
(iii) Prime factorisation of given numbers are:

105 = 3 × 5 × 7
140 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7
175 = 5 × 5 × 7
Notice that 5 occurs as a common prime factor atleast one time and 7
one time in given numbers.
∴ H.C.F = 5 × 7 = 35
Question :2
Find the H.C.F. of the given numbers by division method:
(i) 198, 429
(ii) 20, 64, 104
(iii) 120, 144, 204
Solution:
(i)
198 429 2
396
33 198 5
165
33 33 1
33
0
Last remainder = 0, stop here

∴ H.C.F. = 33 ( Last divisor)
(ii) Let us find H.C.F. of 20 and 64
20 64 3
60
4 20 5
20
0
∴ H.C.F. of 20 and 64 = 4
Now, find H.C.F. 4 and 104
3 104 26
8
24
24
0
∴ H.C.F. of 20, 64, 104 = 4
(iii) 120, 144, 204

First, find the H.C.F. of 120 and 144
120 204 1
120
84 120 1
84
36 84 2
72
12 36 3
36
×
H.C.F. of 120 and 204 is 12
Now, find the H.C.F. of 12 and 144
12 144 12
12
24
24
×
∴ H.C.F. of 120, 144 and 204 = 12.
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) HCF of two consecutive natural numbers is…….
(ii) HCF of two consecutive odd numbers is …….
(iii) HCF of two consecutive even numbers is……..
Solution:
(i) HCF of two consecutive natural numbers is 1.
(ii) HCF of two consecutive odd numbers is 1.
(iii) HCF of two consecutive even numbers is 2.
Question 4.
Find the greatest number which can divide 257 and 329 so as to leave a
remainder 5 in each case.
Solution:
When 257 is divided by the required, 5 is left as a remainder.
So 257 – 5 = 252 i.e. 252 is exactly divisible by that number.
Similarly 329 – 5 = 324 is exactly divisible by that number.
∴ 252 and 324 are both divisible by that number. Thus, the required
number is the H.C.F. of 252 and 324.
252 324 1
252
72 252 3
216
36 72 2
72
00
Hence the required number = 36
Question 5.
Find the largest number that will divide 623, 729 and 841 leaving
remainder 3, 9 and 1 respectively.
Solution:
Numbers are 623, 729 and 841 and remainders are 3, 9, 1 respectively
∴ Numbers will be 623 – 3 = 620
729 – 9 = 720
841 – 1 = 840
Now, let us find the H.C.F. of 620, 720 and 840.
20 840 42
80
40
40
×
The H.C.F. of 620, 720 and 840 is 20

∴ The required largest number = 20
Question 6.
Meenu purchases two bags of rice of weights 75 kg and 69 kg. Find the
maximum value of weight which can measure the weight of the rice
exact number of times.
Solution:
Weights of two bags = 75kg, 60kg
3 75
5 25
5 5
1
⇒ 75 = 3 × 5 × 5
⇒ 69 = 3 × 23
∴ H.C.F. of 75 and 69 = 3
⇒ The maximum value of weigh which can measure the weight of the
rice exact number of times is 3kg.
Question 7.
Three tankers contain 403 litres, 434 litres and 465 litres of diesel
respectively. Find the maximum capacity of a container that can measure
the diesel of three containers exact number of times.
Solution:
Capacity of 3 tankers = 403/, 434/, 465/
∴ Maximum capacity of a container, that can measure the diesel of three
tankers.
403 434 1
403
31 403 13
403
×
31 465 15
31
155
155
×
= HCF of 403, 434, 465 = 31
∴ Required measure = 31 litres.
Exercise 4.5
Question 1.
Find the L.C.M. of the given numbers by prime factorisation method:
(i) 28, 98
(ii) 36, 40, 126
(iii) 108, 135, 162
(iv) 24, 28, 196.
Solution:
(i) Prime factorisation of the given numbers are :
28 = 2 × 2 × 7
98 = 2 × 7 × 7
Here 2 and 7 occurs as a prime factor maximum 2 times
∴ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 = 196
(ii) Prime factorisation of the given numbers are:

36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
126 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
Notice that 2 occurs as a prime factor maximum 3 times, 3 two times, 5
one times and 7 one times.
∴ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 2520
(iii) Prime factorisation of given numbers are
108 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
135 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
162 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
= Notice that 2 occurs as a prime factor.
maximum 2 times, 3, four time and 5, one time
∴ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 1620
(iv) Prime factorisation of the given numbers are

24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
28 = 2 × 2 × 7
196 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
Notice that 2 occurs as a prime factor maximum 3 times, 3 one times, 7
two times
∴ L.C. M. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 × 7 = 1176
Question 2.
Find the L.C.M. of the given numbers by division method:
(i) 480, 672
(ii) 6, 8, 45
(iii) 24, 40, 84
(iv) 20, 36, 63, 67
Solution:
(i) 480, 672
2 480, 672
2 240, 336
2 120, 168
2 60, 84
2 30, 42
3 15, 21
5 5, 7
7 1, 7
1,1
∴ L.C. M. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 3360
(ii) 6, 8, 45
2 6, 8, 45
2 3, 4, 45
2 3, 2, 45
3 3, 1, 45
3 1, 1, 15
5 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
∴ LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 360
(iii) 24, 40, 84
2 24, 40, 84
2 12, 20, 42
2 6, 10, 21
3 3, 5, 21
5 1, 5, 7
7 1, 1, 7
1, 1, 1
∴ LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 3360
(iv) 20, 36, 63, 97

2 20, 36, 63, 77
2 10, 18, 63, 77
3 5, 9, 63, 77
3 5, 3, 21, 77
5 5, 1, 7, 77
7 1, 1, 7, 77
11 1, 1, 1, 11
1, 1, 1, 1
∴ LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 = 13860
Question 3.
Find the least number which when increased by 15 is exactly divisible
by 15, 35 and 48.
Solution:
First, we find the least number which is exactly divisible by the numbers
15,35 and 48. For this, we find L.C.M. of 15, 35 and 48.
3 15, 35, 48
5 5, 35, 16
7 1, 7, 16
2 1, 1, 16
2 1, 1, 8
2 1, 1, 4
2 1, 1, 2
1, 1, 1
∴ L.C.M. = 3 × 5×7 × 2× 2 × 2 × 2 = 1680
According to given condition, the required number will be 15 less than
1680.
∴ The required least number = 1680 – 15 = 1665
Question 4.
Find the least number which when divided by 6, 15 and 18 leaves
remainder 5 in each case.
Solution:
LCM of 6, 15 and 18
2 6, 15, 18
3 3, 15, 9
3 1, 5, 3
5 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1
= 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 90
Hence, the required number is 90 + 5 i.e. 95 48
Question 5.
Find the least number which when divided by 24, 36, 45 and 54 leaves a
remainder of 3 in each case.
Solution:
24, 36, 45 and 54
2 24, 36, 45, 54
2 12, 18, 45, 27
2 6, 9, 45, 27
3 3, 9, 45, 27
3 1, 3, 15, 9
3 1, 1, 5, 3
5 1, 1, 5, 1
1, 1, 1, 1
∴ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 1080
According to given condition, the required number will be 3 more than
1080.
∴ The required number = 1080 + 3 = 1083
Question 6.
Find the greatest 3-digit number which is exactly divisible by 8, 20 and
24.
Solution:
First, we find the LCM of 8, 20 and 24
2 8, 20, 24
2 4, 10, 12
2 2, 5, 6
3 1, 5, 3
5 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 1
∴ LCM of given numbers = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120
Greatest number of 3 digit is 999
We divide 999 by 120 and find the remainder.
8
120 999
- 960
39
According to given condition, we need a greatest 3-digit number which
is exactly divisible by 120.
∴ The required number = 999 – 39 = 960
Question 7.
Find the smallest 4-digit number which is exactly divisible by 32, 36
and 48.
Solution:
First, we find the LCM of 32, 36 and 48
2 32, 36, 48
2 16, 18, 24
2 8, 9, 12
2 4, 9, 6
2 2, 9, 3
3 1, 9, 3
3 1, 3, 1
1, 1, 1
∴ LCM of given number
= 2× 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 288
Smallest number of 4-digit = 1000
We divide 1000 by 288 and find the remainder
288 1000 3
- 864
136
According to given condition, we need a least number of 4-digit which is
exactly divisible by 288.
∴ The required number = 1000 + ( 288 – 136 ) = 1152
Question 8.
Find the greatest 4-digit number which is exactly divisible by each of 8,
12 and 20.
Solution:
first, we find the LCM of 8, 12 and 20
2 8, 12, 20
2 4, 6, 10
2 2, 3, 5
3 1, 3, 5
5 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
∴ LCM of given numbers = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 =120
According to given condtion, we need a greatest number of 4-digit
which is exactly divisible by 120.
Greatest number of 4-digit = 9999
We divide 9999 by 120 and find the remainder.
120 9999 83
-960
399
- 360
39
∴ The required number = 9999 – 39 = 9960
Question 9.
Find the least number of give digits which is exactly divisible by 32,
36 and 45.
Solution:
First we, find the LCM of 32, 36 and 45
2 32, 36, 45
2 16, 18, 45
2 8, 9, 45
2 4, 9, 45
3 2, 9, 45
3 1, 3, 15
5 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
∴ LCM of given numbers
= 2 × 2× 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 1140
We divided 10000 by 1440 and find the remainder
1440 10000
8640
1360
According to given condition,

We need a least 5-digit number which is exactly divisible by 1440
The required number
= 10000 + 1440 – 1360
=10080
Question 10.
Three boys step off together from the same spot. Their steps measure 63
cm, 70 cm and 77 cm repectively. What is the minimum distance each
should cover so that all can cover the same distance in complete steps?
Solution:
The L.C.M. of 63, 70 and 77
3 63
3 21
7 7
1
2 70
5 35
7 7
1
7 77
11 11
1
⇒ 63 = 3× 3 × 7
70 = 2 × 5 × 7
77 = 7 × 11
∴ L.C.M. = 3 × 3 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 11 = 6930
∴ The minimum distance each shall cover is 6930 cm i.e. 69m 30 cm
Question 11.
Traffic lights at three different road crossing change after 48 seconds, 72
seconds and 108 seconds respectively. At what time will they change
together again if they change simultaneously at 7 A.M. ?
Solution:
LCM of 48, 72 and 108
2 48, 72, 108

2 24, 36, 54
2 12, 18, 27
2 6, 9, 27
3 3, 9, 27
3 1, 3, 9
3 1, 1, 3
1, 1, 1
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 432
432 seconds = 7 minutes 12 seconds past 7 A.M.
Question 12.
If the product of two numbers is 4032 and their HCF is 12, find their
LCM.
Solution:
Product of two number = 4032
H C F = 12
L.C.M. = 4032 ÷ 12 = 336
12 4032 336
36
43
36
72
72
×
Question 13.
The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 9 and 270 respectively. If one
of the numbers is 45, find the other number.
Solution:
HCF × LCM = one number × 2nd number
9 × 270 = 45 × 2nd number
2430 = 45 × 2nd number
= = = 54
∴ 54 is other number.
Question 14.
Find the HCF of 180 and 336. Hence, find their LCM.
Solution:
Division method : HCF of 180 and 336
180 336 1
180
156 180 1
156
24 156 6
144
12 24 2
24
×
∴ H.C.R. of 180 and 336 = 12
!"#$% & '"()* %
Products of numbers LCM of 180 and 336=
$+*, -.../.
012×334
= = 15 × 336 = 5040
05
Question 15.
Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 110 as their LCM ? Give
reason to justify your answer.
Solution:
15 110 7
105
5
7 as quotient and 5 as remainder

We find that the remainder ≠ 0
So 110 is not exactly divisible by 15
∴ HCF and L.C.M. of two numbers cannot be 15 and 110 respectively.
As LCM of two numbers is always exactly divisible by their HCF.
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) The only natural number which has exactly one factor is …………….
(ii) The only prime number which is even is………….
(iii) The HCF of two co-prime numbers is………….
(iv) Two perfect numbers are……… and……….
(v) The only prime-triplet is 3, 5, 7.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
(i) Every natural number has a finite number of factors.
(ii) Every natural number has an infinite number of its multiples.
(iii) There are infinitely many prime numbers.
(iv) If two numbers are separately divisible by a number, then their
difference is also divisible by that number.
(v) LCM of two prime numbers equals their product.
(vi) LCM of two co-prime numbers equals their product.
Solution:
(i) Every natural number has a finite number of factors. True
(ii) Every natural number has an infinite number of its multiples. True
(iii) There are infinitely many prime numbers. True
(iv) If two numbers are separately divisible by a number, then their
difference is also divisible by that number. True
(v) LCM of two prime numbers equals their product. True

(vi) LCM of two co-prime numbers equals their product. True
Question 3.
State whether the following statements are ture or false. If a statement is
false, justify your answer.
(i) The sum of two prime numbers is always an even number.
(ii) The sum of two prime numbers is always a prime number.
(iii) The sum of two prime numbers can never be a prime number
(iv) No odd number can be written as the sum of two prime numbers.
(v) If two numbers are co-prime, then atleast one of them must be prime.
(vi) If a number is divisible by 18, it must be divisible by 3 and 6 both.
(viii) If a number is divisible by 3 and 6 both, it must be divisible by 18.
(ix) HCF of an even number and an odd number is always 1.
Solution:
(i) The sum of two prime numbers is always an even number.
False
Correct:
2 and 7 both are prime numbers nut their sum = 2 + 7 =9, which is an
odd number.
(ii) The sum of two prime numbers is always a prime number. False
Correct:
3 and 5 both are prime numbers but their sum = 3 + 5 = 8, which is a
composite number.
(iii) The sum of two prime numbers can never be a prime number
False
Correct:
2 and 5 both are prime numbers but their sum = 2 + 5 = 7, which is a
prime number.
(iv) No odd number can be written as the sum of two prime numbers.
False
Correct:
13 is an odd number and 13 = 2 + 11, Which is the sum of two prime
numbers.
(v) If two numbers are co-prime, then atleast one of them must be prime.
False
Correct:
8 and 15 are co - prime numbers but neither 8 is prime nor 15 is prime.
(vi) If a number is divisible by 18, it must be divisible by 3 and 6 both.

True

False
Correct:
20 is divisible by 2 and 4 both but 20 is not divisible by 8.
(viii) If a number is divisible by 3 and 6 both, it must be divisible by 18.

False
Correct: 12 is divisible by 3 and 6 both but 12 is not divisible by 18.
(ix) HCF of an even number and an odd number is always 1.

False
Correct: 6 is even and 9 is odd but HCF of 6 and 9 is 3.
Choose the correct answer from the given four options ( 4 to 28) :
Question 4.
All factors of 6 are
(a) 1, 6
(b) 2, 3
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) 1, 2, 3, 6
Solution :
The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, 6(d)
Question 5.
Which of the following is an odd composite number ?
(a) 7
(b) 9
(c) 11
(d) 12
Solution:
9, is an odd composite number.(c)
Question 6.
The number of even numbers between 68 and 90 is
(a) 10
(b) 11
(c) 12
(d) 31
Solution:
The even numbers between 68 and 90 is 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84,
86, 88 = 10 numbers (a)
Question 7.
Which of the following is a prime number ?
(a) 69
(b) 87
(c) 91
(d) 97
Solution:
Since, the factors of 97 are 1 and 97
97 is a prime number. (d)
Question 8.
Which of the following is a pair of twin-prime number ?
(a) 19, 21
(b) 43, 47
(c) 59, 61
(d) 73, 79
Solution:
59, 61
Pairs of prime numbers whose difference is 2 are called twin-prime
numbers. (c)
Question 9.
The number of distinct prime factors of the largest 4-digit number is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) none of these
Solution:
Largest 4 digit number = 9999
3 9999
3 3333
10 101
1
3 is prime factor.(b)
Question 10.
The number of distinct prime factors of the smallest 5-digit number
is
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
Solution:
2 10000
2 5000
2 2500
2 1250
5 625
5 125
5 25
5 5
1
Number of distinct prime factors of smallest 5-digit number=2(a)

Question 11.
The sum of the prime factors of 1729 is
(a) 13
(b) 19
(c) 32
(d) 39
Solution:
7 1729
13 247
19 19
1
Prime factors of 1729 are 7, 13 and 19 Sum of prime factors
= 7 + 13 + 19
= 39(d)
Question 12.
Which of the following is a pair of co-prime numbers ?
(a) 8, 45
(b) 3,18
(c) 5, 35
(d) 6, 39
Solution:
8, 45
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8 The factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, 15 The
common factors of 8 and 15 is 1 They are co-prime. (a)
Question 13.
Every natural number has an infinte number of
(a) prime factors
(b) factors
(c) multiples
(d) none of these
Solution:
Multiples
e.g. Multiples of 2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,…….(c)
Question 14.
Which of the following numbers is divisible by 4?
(a) 308594
(b) 506784
(c) 732106
(d) 9301538
Solution:
(b) 506784
Because the number formes by tens and ones digits is divisible by 4 i.e.
84 ÷ 4 = 21(b)
Question 15.
(a) 503786
(b) 505268
(c) 305678
(d) 703568
Solution:
(d) 703568
Because the number formed by hundred, tens and ones digit is divisible
by 8.
i.e. 568 – 8 = 71(d)
Question 16.
(a) 50762
(b) 42063
(c) 52871
(d) 37036
Solution:
(b) 42063
Because sum of its digits is = 4 + 2 +0 + 6 + 3 = 15
Which is divisible by 3(b)
Question 17.
Which of the following numbers is divisible by 9 ?
(a) 972063
(b) 730542
(c) 785423
(d) 5612844
Solution:
(a) 972063
Because sum of digits
= 9 + 7 + 2 + 0 + 6 + 3 = 27 which is divisible by 9(a)
Question 18.
Which of the following numbers is divisible by 6 ?
(a) 560324
(b) 650374
(c) 798653
(d) 750972
Solution:
(d) 750972
Because sum of its digit
= 7 + 5 + 0 + 9 + 7 + 2 = 30 Which is divisible by 3.
Hence it is divisible by 6.(d)
Question 19.
The digit by which ‘*’ should be replaced in 54* 281 so that the number
formed is divisible by 9 is
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
(d) 9
Solution:
For a number to be divisible by 9, sum of its digits should be divisible
by 9.
Sum of given digits in 54*281
= 5 + 4 + 2 + 8 + 1 = 20.
If we add 7, it becomes 27, which is divisible by 9.
∴ * is to be replaced by 7.(b)
Question 20.
The digit by which should be replaced in 7254*98 so that the number
formed is divisible by 22 is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 6
Solution:
For a number to be divisible by 22, sum of its digits should be divisible
by 2 and by 11.
Since, the last digit of 7254*98 is 8, which is divisible by 2.
Now,
Sum of the digits at odd places = 7 + 5 + 8 = 20
Sum of the digits at even places = 9 + 4 +12 = 15
∴ Their Difference = 20 – 15 = 5
Since, 5 is not divisible by 11, so to make a number divisible by 11 we
must add 6.
∴ * is to be replaced by 6(d).
Question 21.
If a number is divisible by 5 and 6 both, then it may not be divisible by
(a) 10
(b) 15
(c) 30
(d) 60
Solution:
60 (d)
Question 22.
The number of common prime factors of 60, 75 and 105 is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Solution:
60, 75 and 105
2 60, 70, 105
2 30, 75, 105
2 15, 75, 105
5 5, 25, 35
5 1, 5, 7
5 1, 1, 7
1, 1, 1
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 = 2(7)
Question 23.
The H.C.F. of 144 and 198 is
(a) 6
(b) 9
(c) 12
(d) 18
Solution :
H.C.f. of 144 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
H.C.F. od 198 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 11
2 144
2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
2 198
3 99
3 33
11 11
1
∴ H.C.F. of 144 and 198

∴ = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18(d)
Question 24.
The L.C.M. of 30 and 45 is
(a) 15
(b) 30
(c) 45
(d) 90
Solution:
L.C.M. of 30 and 45 is 90.
3 30, 45
5 10, 15
2 2, 3
3 1, 3
1, 1
∴ L.C.M. = 3 × 5 × 2 × 3 = 90(d)
Question 25.
The L.C.M. of 4 and 44 is
(a) 4
(b) 11
(c) 44
(d) 176
Solution:
LCM of 4 and 44 is 44
4 44
11 11
1
∴ L.C.M. = 4 × 11 = 44(c)
Question 26.
The LCM of 7 and 13 is 1
(a) 1
(b) 7
(c) 13
(d) 91
Solution:
LCM of 7 and 13 is
L.C.M. = 13 × 7 = 91(d)
Question 27.
If H.C.F. of two numbers is 15 and their product is 1575, then their
L.C.M. is
(a) 15
(b) 105
(c) 525
(d) 1575
Solution:
Product of number = 1575
H.C.F. = 15
We know,
L.C.M. = Product of numbers H.C.F.
0BCB
= =105(b)
0B
Question 28.
If the LCM of two natural numbers is 180, then which of the following
is not the HCf of the numbers ?
(a) 45
(b) 60
(c) 75
(d) 90
Solution:
L.C.M. of 2 natural numbers = 180
We know that,
L.C.M. of 2 numbers is always exactly divisible by their H.C.F.
∴ Taking (a) 45 as H.C.F.
45 180 4
180
0
Here remainder = 0
∴ 45 is H.C.F.
Now, taking (b) 60 as H.C.F.
60 180 3
180
0
Here remainder = 0
∴ 60 is also H.C.F.
Now, taking 75 as H.C.F.
75 180 2
-150
30
Here remainder = 30
i.e. remainder ≠ 0
Hence, 75 is not the H.C.F. of two natural numbers whose L.C.M. is 180
Hence, answer is (c).

Question 1.
To teach the value of gratitude and appreciation to the students, a school
organised a ‘Card Making’ activity in which the students were asked to
make “THANK YOU CARDS” for the people who helped them in some
way.
Assorted cards were made with different titles. Their numbers are given
below:
T cards for teachers = 120
F cards for friends = 540
S cards for servants = 90
P cards for parents = 240 and
G cards for grandparents = 150
(i) Find the HCF and LCM of all the different number of cards.
(ii) Find HCF and LCM of maximum and minimum number of cards.
(iii) Is the number of T-cards is a factor of number of P-cards ?
Solution:
(i) HCF of 120, 540, 90, 240, 150
120 540 4
480
60 120 2
120
×
60 90 1
60
30 240 8
240
×
30 150 5
- 150
×
∴ HCF = 30
Now, LCM of 120, 540, 90, 240 and 150 is
2 120, 540, 90, 240, 150

2 60, 270, 45, 120, 75
2 30, 135, 45, 60, 75
2 15, 135, 45, 30, 75
3 15, 135, 45, 15, 75
3 5, 45, 15, 5, 25
3 5, 15, 5, 5, 25
5 5, 5, 5, 5, 25
5 1, 1, 1, 1, 5
1, 1, 1, 1, 1
∴ LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
= 10800
(ii) Maximum number of cards = 540
Minimum number of cards = 90
∴ HCF is as follow :
90 540 6
- 540
×
Hence, HCF of 90 and 540 is 90

LCM of 90 and 540 is as follow:
2 90, 540
2 45, 270
3 45, 135
3 15, 45
3 5, 15
5 5, 5
1, 1
LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 540
(iii) Yes.
T cards = 120
P cards = 240
240 = 120 × 2
Question 1.
Write 2-digit odd numbers whose sum of digits is 8.
Solution: 17, 71, 35, 53
Question 2.
Write all paird of 2-digit twin primes such that on changing the places of
their digits, they still remain prime numbers.
Solution:
11, 13, 71, 73
Question 3.
They are just four natural numbes less than 100, which have exactly
three factors. One of them is 25, what are the other three ? What can be
said about these numbers ?
Solution:
Four natural numbers less than 100 which have three factors :
One of them is 25 = 1, 5, 25
Second is 49 = 1, 7, 49
Third is 9 = 1, 3, 9
Fourth is 4 = 1, 2, 4
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Write all factors of:
(i) 88
(ii) 105
(iii) 96
Solution:
(i) 88 = { 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 22, 44, 88}
(ii) 105 = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 35, 105}
(iii) 96 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 96}
Question 2.
Find the common multiples of 8 and 12.
Solution:
The multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104.
The multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108
The common multiples of 8 and 12 are 24, 48, 72, 96
Question 3.
Which of the following pairs of numbers are co-prime ?
(i) 25 and 105
(ii) 59 and 97
(iii) 161 and 192
Solution:
(i) 25 and 105
The factors of 25 are 1, 5, 25
The factors of 105 are 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 35, 105
The common factors of 25 and 105 are 1, 5
∴ They are not co-prime.
(ii) 59 and 97
The common factors of 59 and 97 is 1.
(iii) 161 and 192

The common factors of 59 and 97 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48,
64, 96, 192
The common factors of 161, 192 is 1
Question 4.
Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers are
divisible by 4, 6, 8, 9 or 11:
(i) 197244
(ii) 613440
(iii) 4100448
Solution:
197244:
divisible by 4, 6, 9.
It is divisible by 4 as last two digits is divisible by 4.
It is divisible by 6 as last digit of given number is divisible 2 and their
sum is also divisible by 3.
It is not divisible by 8 as the sum of last three digit 2 + 4 + 4 = 10, is not
divisible by 8.
It is divisible by 9 as the sum of its digits 27 is divisible by 9.
It is not divisible by 11 as the difference of the sum of alternate number
1 + 7 + 4 = 12 and 9 + 2 + 4 = 15, ( 15 - 12)
= 3 is not divisible by 11.
∴ 197244 is divisible by 4, 6 and 9.
(ii) 613440 : divisible by 4, 6, 8, 9.
It is divisible by 4 as last two digit is divisible by 4.
It is divisible by 6 as the sum of all digits ( 6 + 1 + 3 + 4 +4 + 0)
= 18 is divisible by 3 and by 2 also as last digit is 0.
It is divisible by 8 as the sum of last three digits ( 4 + 4 + 0) = 8 is
divisible 8.
It is also divisible by 9 as the sum of its digits 18 is divisible by 9.
It is not divisible by 11 as the difference of the sum of alternate number
6 + 3 +4 =13 and 1 + 4 +0 = 5, ( 13- 5)
= 8 is not divisible by 11.
613440 is divisible by 4, 6, 8 and 9.
(iii) 4100448: divisible by 4, 6, 8 ,11.

It is divisible by 4 as last two digit is divisible by 4.
It is divisible by 6 as the sum of all digits 4 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 21
is divisible by 3 and also last digit is divisible by 2.
It is divisible by 8 as the sum of last three digits 4 + 4 + 8 = 16 is
divisible by 8.
It is not divisible by 9 as the sum of its digit 21 is not divisible by 9.
It is divisible by 11 as the difference of the sum of alternate nmber 4 + 0
+ 4 + 8 =16 and 1+ 0 + 4 + 5, ( 16 – 6) = 11
Which is divisible by 11.
∴ 4100448 is divisible by 4, 6, 8, 11.
Question 5.
In 92*389, replace * by a digit so that the number formed is divisible by
11.
Solution:
The given number is 92*389
Here, * occur at odd place.
Sum of digits at odd place = 9 + 8 = 17( Except*)
Sum of digits at even place = 2 + 3 + 9 = 14
Their difference = 17 -14 = 3
If ‘*’ is replaced by 8, then sum of digits at odd place = 9 + 8 + 8 =25
Their difference ( Sum of digits at odd places – Sum of digits at evn
places)
= 25 – 14 = 11
Which is divisible by 11
∴ ‘*’ is to be replaced by the digit 8.
Question 6.
Find the prime factorisation of the following numbers:
(i) 168
(ii) 2304
Solution:
(i) 168
2 168
2 84
2 42
3 21
7 7
1
=2×2×2×3×7
(ii) 2304
2 2304
2 1152
2 576
2 288
2 144
2 72
2 36
2 18
2 9
3 3
1
=2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3
Question 7.
Find the G.C.D. of the given numbers by prime factorisation method:
(i) 24, 45
(ii) 180, 252, 324
Solution:
(i) 24, 45
24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
45 = 3 × 3 × 5
The greatest common factor is 3.
G.C.D = 3
2 24
2 12
2 6
3 3
1
3 45
3 15
5 5
1
(ii) 180, 252, 324
180 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5
2 180
2 90
3 45
5 15
1
252 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
2 252
2 126
3 63
3 21
7 7
1
324 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
2 324
2 162
3 81
3 27
3 9
3 3
1
G.C.D. = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36
We notice that 2 and 3 both occurs as the common factor in the given
numbers two time each.
Question 8.
Find the H.C.F. of the given numbers by division method.
(i) 54, 82
(ii) 84, 120, 156
Solution:
(i) 54, 82
H.C.F. = 2
54 82 1
54
28 54 1
28
26 28 1
26
2 26 13
26
×
(ii) 84, 120, 156

Solution:
84 156 1
84
72 84 1
72
12 72 6 12 120 10
72 12
× ×
Question 9.
Find the L.C.M. of the given numbers by prime factorisation
method.
(i) 27, 90
(ii) 36, 48, 210
Solution:
(i) 27, 90
Solution:
(i) 27, 90
= 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 270
(ii) 36, 48, 210

= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 =5040
2 36, 48, 210

2 18, 24, 105
3 9, 12, 105
3 3, 4, 35
2 1, 4, 35
2 1, 2, 35
5 1, 1, 35
7 1, 1, 7
1, 1, 1
Question 10.
Find the L.C.M. of the given numbers by division method:
(i) 48, 60
(ii) 112, 168, 266
Solution:
(i) 48, 60
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 240
2 48, 60
2 24, 30
3 12, 15
4 4, 5
5 2, 5
5 1, 5
1, 1
(ii) 112, 168, 266

= 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 2 × 3 × 19 =6384
2 112, 168, 266
2 56, 84, 133
3 28, 42, 133
2 14, 21, 133
7 7, 21, 133
2 1, 3, 19
5 1, 1, 19
1, 1, 1
Question 11.
Find the greatest numberwhich divides 2706, 7041 and 8250 leaving
remainder 6,21 and 42 respectively.
Solution:
When 2706 is divided by the required number, 6 is left as a remainder.
So, 2706 – 6 = 2700 i.e. 2700 is exactly divisible by that number.
Similarly, 7041 – 21 = 7020 is exactly divisible by that number.
Similarly, also, 8250 – 42 - 8208 is exactly divisible by that number.
Therefore, 2700, 7020 and 8208 are divisible by that number.
Thus, the required number is the H.C.F. of 2700, 7020 and 8208.
First, we find H.C.F. of 2700 and 7020
2700 7020 2
5400
1620 2700 1
1620
1080 1620 1
1080
540 1080 2
1080
0
Now find of H.C.F. 540 and 8208
540 8208 15
8100
108 540 5
540
0
∴ The H.C.F. of 2700, 7020 and 8208 is 108.

Hence the required number is 108
Question 12.
Find the least number which on decreasing by 20 is exactly divisible by
18, 21, 28 and 30.
Solution:
First, we find the least number which is exactly divisible by the numbers
18, 21, 28 and 30. For this, we find the L.C.M. of 18, 21, 28 and 30.
2 18, 21, 28, 30

2 9, 21, 14, 15
3 9, 21, 7, 15
3 3, 7, 7, 5
5 1, 7, 7, 5
7 1,7, 7, 1
1,1, 1, 1
∴ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 =1260
According to given, the required number will be 20 more than 1260.

The required number = 1260 + 20 = 1280
Question 13.
There are three heaps of rice weighing 120 kg, 144kg and 204 kg.
Find the maximum capacity of a bag so that the rice of each heap can be
packed in exact number of bags.
Solution:
Weights of three heaps = 120kg, 144kg and 204 kg
120 144 1
120
24 120 5
120
×
24 204 9
192
12 24 2
24
×
∴ Maximum capacity of a bag, which exactly divides the heaps in exact

number HCF of 120, 144, 204 = 12
∴ Required capacity of bag = 12kg
Question 14.
Three bells are ringing continuously at intervals of 30, 36 and 45
minutes respectively. At what time will they ring together again if they
ring simultaneously at 8 a.m.
Solution:
L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 5 = 180
After 180 minute at 11:00 a.m.
2 30, 36, 45
3 15, 18, 45
3 5, 6, 15
2 5, 2, 5
5 5, 1, 5
1, 1, 1
Question 15.
Two numbers are co-prime and their L.C.M. is 4940. If one of the
numbers is 65, find the other number.
Solution:
One number = 65
and let the other number = x
We know that,
Two numbers are co-prime if their HCF is 1
Now, H.C.F. × L.C.M. of two numbers = Product of given two numbers
= 1 × 4940 = 65 × E
⇒ 4940 = 65 × E
⇒ 65 × E = 4940
⇒ E = 4940 ÷ 65 = 76
65 4940 76
455
390
390
∴ The other number is 76.

Chapter 5
Sets
Exercise 5.1
Question 1.
State which of the following collections are sets :
(i) collection of odd natural numbers less than 50
(ii) collection of four colours of a rainbow.
(iii) collection of first three days ofa week
(iv) collection of all tall students of your class
(v) collection of clever students of your school
(vi) collection of all rich people of Bangalore
(vii) collection of some multiples of 5
(viii) collection of all prime numbers
(ix) collection of all even integers which lie between -5 and 15
(x) collection of all good cricket players of India
(xi) Collection of three youngest students of your class
(xii) Collection of three healthy students of your class
Solution :
(i) It is a set.
If we denote the given set by A, then A = { 1, 3, 5, 7,….., 47, 49}
(ii) It is not a set because the given collection is not well-defined-people
may differ on four colours of a rainbow.
(iii) It is a set.
If we denote the given set by A, then A = {Sunday, Monday, Tuesday}
(iv) It is not a set because the given collection is not well-defined-people

may differ on whether a student is tall or not.
(v) It is not a set because the given collection is not well-defined-people

may differ on whether a student is clever or not.
(vi) It is not a set because the given collection is not well-defined-people

may differ on whether a student is clever or not.
(vii) It is not a set because the given collection is not well defined-
people may differ on which are multiples of 5.
(viii) It is a set because the given collection is well defined.
(ix) It is a set.
If we denote the given set by A, then
A = { -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,14}
(x) It is not a set because the given collection is not well defined-people
may differ on whether a cricket player of India is good or not.
(xi) It is a set because the given collection is well defined-people can

choose three youngest students of their classes.
(xii) It is not a set because the given collection is not well defined-
people may differ on whether a student is healthy or not.
Question 2.
Let E = { even integers}. Insert the appropriate symbol ϵ or ∉ in the
blanks.
(i) 10…… E
(ii) -8 ……E
(iii) 13……E
(iv) {6} ……E
(v) a…..E
(vi) -4, 12,…..E
Solution:
E = { even numbers}
⇒ E = { ………, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,………}
(i) 10 ϵ E
(ii) -8 ϵ E
(iii) 13 ∉ E
(iv) {6} ϵ E
(v) a ∉ E
(vi) -4, 12 ϵ E
Question 3.
Let V = { vowels in English alphabet}. Write which of the following
statements are true and which are false :
(i) c ϵ V
(ii) {a} ϵ V
(iii) a, e, i ϵ V
(iv) a, b ϵ V
(v) {a, u} ϵ V
(vi) {a, o,u} ϵ V
Solution:
V = { Vowels of English alphabet}
(i) c ϵ V Which is false.
(ii) {a} ϵ V Which is false.
(iii) a, e, i ϵ V Which is True.
(iv) a, b ϵ V Which is false.
(v) {a, u} ϵ V Which is True.
(vi) { a, o, u} ϵ V Which is True.
Question 4.
Write the following sets in roster form:
(i) The set of first five odd counting numbers
(ii) The set of all even natural numbers less than 101
(iii){months of year whose names begin with a vowel}
(iv) {one digit natural numbers which are perfect squares}
(v) { factor of 36}
(vi) { prime factors of 360}
(viii) The set of whole numbers which are multiples of 5
(ix) the set of all letters in the word ‘ CHENNAI’
(x) The set of all vowels in the word ‘MUSSOORIE’
(xi) The set of all consonants in the word ‘MATHEMATICS’
Solution:
(i) The given set can be written as in roster form : { 1, 3, 5, 7,9}
(ii) The given set can be written as in roster form : { 2, 4, 6, 8,…..,98,
100}
(iii) The given set can be written as in roster form : { April, August,
October}
(iv) The given set can be written as in roster form : { 1, 4, 9 }
(v) The given set can be written as in roster form : { -14, -7, 0, 7, 14,
21}
(vi) The given set can be written as in roster form : { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 ,9, 12,
18, 36}
(vii) The given set can be written as in roster form : { 2, 3, 5}

(viii) The given set can be written as in roster form : { 0, 5, 10, 15}
(ix) The given set can be written as in rroster form : {C,H, E, N,A,I}
(x) The given set can be written as in roster from : { U, O, I, E}
(ix) The given set can be written as in roster form : { C, H, E, N, A, I}
(x) The given set can be written as in roster form : { U, O, I, E}
(xi) The given set can be written as in roster form : {M, T, H, C, S}
Question 5.
Write the following sets in tabular form :
(i) { x : is a natural number and x < 7 }
(ii) { x : x e W and x ≤ 5}
(iii) { x : x is a month of a year having less than 31 days}
(iv) { x | x is a letter in the word ‘CIRCUMFERENCE’}
(v) { x | x is a vowel in the word ‘NOTATION’}
(vi) ( x : x is a digit in the numeral 110526715}
(vii) { x : x is a factor of 48}
(viii) ( x : x is a multiple of 11 and 0≤ x < 80}
(ix) [y : y is a two digit natural number divisible by 10}
Solution:
(i) The given set can written as in Tabular form : { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(ii) The given set can be written as in Tabular form : { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(iii) The given set can be written as in Tabular form : { February, April,
June, September, November}
(iv) The given set can be written as in Tabular form: { C, I, R, U, M, F,

E, N}
(v) The given set can be written as in Tabular form : { O, A, I}
(vi) The given set can be written as in Tabular form : { 1, 0, 5, 2, 6, 7}
(vii) The given set can be written as in Tabular from : { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,

12, 16, 24, 48}
(viii) The given set can be written as in Tabular form : { 0, 11, 22, 33,
44, 55, 66, 77}
(ix) { y : y is a two digit natural number divisible by 10} = { 10, 20,

30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90}
Question 6.
Write the following sets in roster form and also in set builder form :
(i) the set of integers which lie bwteen -2 and 3 ( both inclusive)
(ii) the set of letters in the word ‘ULTIMATUM’
(iii) {months of a year whose names begin with J}
(iv) The set of single digit whole mumbers which are perfect squares.
Solution:
(i) The given set can be written as { -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3} ( roster form)
{ x : x ∈ I, -2 ≤ x ≤ 3} ( set builder form)
(ii) The given set can be written as { U, L,T, I, M,A} ( roster form)
{ x : x is a letter in the word ‘ ULTIMATUM’} ( set builder form)
(iii) The given set can be written as { january, june, July} ( roster form)
{ x | x is a month of a year whose names begin with J}
( set builder form)
(iv) The given set can be written as { 0, 1, 4, 9} ( roster form)

{ x | x is a perfect square one digit number } ( set builder form)
Question 7.
Write the following sets in tabular form and also in descriptive form :
(i) { x : x is a prime number less than 30 }
(ii) the set of whole numbers which are multiples of 8 and less than 50
(iii) { x | x is a consonant in the word ‘QUESTION PAPER’}
Solution:
(i) The given set can be written as { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
(Tabular form)
{ prime numbers less than 30} (descriptive form)
(ii) The given set can be written as { 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48} ( Tabular
form)
{ Whole numbers which are multiples of 8 and less than 50}
( descriptive form)
(iii) The given set can be written as { Q, S, T, N, P, R} ( Tabular form)

{consonants in the word “QUESTION PAPER’} (descriptive form)
Question 8.
Write the following sets in the set builder form :
(i) A = { 0, 1, 2, …., 11}
(ii) B= { 7, 14, 21,28,…..}
(iii) C = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49}
(iv) D = {-12, -9, -b, -3, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}
Solution:
(i) A = { 0, 1, 2, …., 11}
= { x : x ∈ W, x ≤11 }
(ii) B= { 7, 14, 21,28,…..}

= { x : x = 1n, n ∈ N}
(iii) C = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49}

= { x : x = , n ∈ N and n ≤7}
(iv) D = {-12, -9, -b, -3, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}

= {x : x = 3n, n ∈ 1 and -4 ≤ n ≤ 6}
Exercise 5.2
Question 1.
State whether the following sets into empty, finite and infinite sets. In
case of (non-empty) finite sets, mention the cardinal number.
(i) {all colours of a rainbow}
(ii) { x | x is a prime number between 7 and 11 }
(iii) { multiples of 5}
(iv) { all straight lines drawn in a plane}
(v) { x | x is a digit in the numeral 550131527}
(vi) { x | x is a letter in the word ‘SUFFICIENT’}
(vii) { x | x is a vowel in the word MATHEMATICS}
(viii) { x : x is an even whole number and x ≤20}
(ix) { x : x ∈ I and -2 ≤ x ≤ 5 }
(x) { x : x is a prime number less than 25}
(xi) { x : x is a prime factor of 180}.
(xii) { x :x ∈N and x is a composite number < 12}
Solution:
(i) Let A = { all colours of a rainbow}
⇒ A = { Red, Oranges, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet}
∴ the given set is finite
∴ Cardinal number = 7
(ii) Let { x | x is a prime number between 7 and 11}
⇒ B = {∅}
∴ The given set is empty
(iii) Let C = { multiples of 5 }

⇒ C = { 5, 10, 15}
∴ the given set is infinite
(iv) Let C = { multiples of 5}

⇒ C = { 5, 10, 15}
∴ the given set is infinite
(v) Let D = { x | x is a digit in the numeral 550131527}

⇒ D = { 5, 0, 1, 3, 2 ,7}, the given set is finite
∴ the cardinal number = 6
(vi) Let E = { x | x is a letter in the word ‘ SUFFICIENT’}

⇒ E = { S, U , F, I , C, E , N, T }, the given set is finite
(vii) Let F = { x | x is a vowel in the word MATHEMATICS}

⇒ F = { A, E,I}, the given set is finite
∴ The cardinal number = 3
(viii) Let F = { x : x is an even whole number and x ≤ 20}
⇒ F = { 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}, the given set is finite
(ix) { x : x ∈ I and -2 ≤ ≤ 5}
= { -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ,4}
It is a finite set as it has countable element which are 5
(x) G = { x : x is a prime number less than 25}

⇒ G = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23}
∴ the given set is finite
(xi) H = { x : x is a prime factor of 180}

⇒ H = { 2, 3, 5}
the given set is finite the cardinal number = 3
(xii) { x : x e N and x is a composite number < 12}

{ 4, 6, 8, 9, 10} given set is finite cardinal number is = 5
Question 2.
State whether the following pairs of sets are equal or not:
(i) A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = { even natural numbers}
(ii) A = { 3, 5, 7, 9 ,11, 13}, B = { odd numbers between 2 and 14}
(iii) A = {PUPPET}, B = { P, U, E, T}
(iv) A = { x | x is a letter in the word SOPHIA}
B = { x | x is a letter in the word MAMAZ}
(v) A = { kids 5 meters tall}, B = { x : x ∈ N and 2x = 3}.
Solution:
(i) A = { 2, 4 , 6, 8, 10}
B = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12………}
∴ A≠ B
(ii) A = { 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}

B = { Odd numbers between 2 and 14}
⇒ B = { 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13}
∴ =
(iii) A = {PUPPET}, B = { P, U, E, T}, then A = B because the

elements in a set can be repeated or rearranged.
(iv) A = { x | x is a letter in the word SOPHIA}

⇒ A = S, O. P, H, I A
B = { x | x is a letter in the word MUMTAZ}
⇒ B = { M, U, T, A, Z}
∴ A≠B
(v) A = { kids 5 metres tall }

⇒ A = { } ⇒ A is empty set
B={x:x∈ and 2x = 3 }
∴ A=B
Question 3.
Given that A = { 2, 5 , 7, 8, 10}, B = { 5, 7, 2, x, 10} and A = B, write
the value of x.
Solution :
A = { 2, 5 , 7, 8, 10}
B = { 5, 7, 2, x, 10}
∴ A=B
∴x=8
Mental maths
Question 1.
(i) A collection of ……..Objects is called a set.
(ii) If x is a member of the set A, we write is as……..
(iii) The Order of listing the elements of a set can be………
(iv) If one or more elements are repeated, the set remains……….
(v) If X is the set of all letters in the word “ MATHEMATICS’. then the
cardinal number of the set X is
Solution:
(i) A collection of well defined objects is called a set.
(ii) If x is a member of the set A, we write it as x e A.
(iii) The Order of listing the elements of a set can be chaged.
(iv) If X is the set of all letters in the word ‘MATHEMATICS’ then the
cardinal number of the set X is 8.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Justify
your answer.
(i) A collection of stamps is a set.
(ii) A collection of some fruits is a set.
(iii) A group of boys platying cricket is a set.
(iv) Collection of all students of your class taller than you is a set.
(v) Collection of all students of your class taller than you is a set.
(v) Collection of five rivers of India is a set.
Solution:
(i) A collection of stamps is a set. False
Correct :
It is not a set because it is not known which stamps are included in the
collection.
(ii) A collection of some fruits is a set. False

Correct :
It is not a set because it is not known which fruits are included in the
collection.
(iii) A group of boys playing cricket is a set. False

Correct :
it is not a set because it is not known which students are included in the
group.
(iv) Collection of all students of your class taller than you is a set. True
It is a set because every students of your class can be compared with
certainly in relation to your height, so it is very easy to select students of
your class who are taller than you i.e. it is well defined collection.
(v) Collection of five rivers of India is a set. False

Correct :
It is not a set because it is not known which five rivers of India are
included in the collection.

Question 3.
Which of the following Collection is a set ?
(a) Collection of all tasty fruits
(b) Collection of all good football players of your school
(c) Collection of all months of a year
(d) Collection of 5 most intelligent students of your class.
Solution:
Collection of all months of a year is a set,
If we denote thr givrn set, then A = { January, February, March, April,
…….., December} (c)
Question 4.
The tabular form of the statement ‘All months of a year whose names
begin with the letters J’ is
(a) { January, June, July}
(b) { months of a year whose names begin with the letter J}
(c) { x | x is a month of a year whose name begins with the letter J}
(d) none of these
Solution:
The given set can be written as in Tabular form:
{ January, June, July} (a)
Question 5.
The method of representation used in the set A = { x| x is an even natural
number less than 15} is called
(a) Description method
(b) Rule method
(c) Roster method
(d) None of these
Solution:
Rule method (b)
Question 6.
The cardinal numbere of the empty set is
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) none of these
Solution :
0 (c)
Question 7.
If S = { x | x is a letter in the word AHMEDABAD}, then the cardinal
number of S is
(a) 9
(b) 8
(c) 7
(d) 6
Solution:
S = { Letters of AHMEDABAD} = { A, H, M, E, D, B } has 6 different
elements, so n(S) = 6(d)
Questiom 8.
If A = { x : x ∈ N and x is an odd prime number less than 17}, then the
cardinal number of A is
(a) 8
(b) 6
(c) 5
(d) none of these
Solution:
Set D = { x : x ∈ N and x is an odd prime number less than 17}
⇒ D = { 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
∴ the cardinal number = 5(c)
Question9.
{months of a year whose names begin with the letter F} is
(a) an infinite set
(b) empty set
(c) singlton set
(d) none of these
Solution:
Let A = ( months of a year whose name begin with the letter F}
⇒ A = { February}
∴ It is a singleton set. (c)
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
State which of the given collections are sets :
(i) Collection of all poor people of Dhanbad.
(ii) Collection of all difficult problems in your maths book.
(iii) Collection of all fools.
(iv) Collection of all countries of Asia.
(v) Collection of four countries of Asia.
(vi) Collection of three cities of India whose name start with the letter
‘j’.
(vii) Collection of all people in thid world over 50 year of age.
Solution:
(i) It is not set because elemetns are not countable.
(ii) It is also not set because problem are different to different students
(iii) It is also not set.
(iv) It is set because the countries are countable.
(v) It is not set because the elements are countable but not defined.
(vi) It is also not set because cities are not defined.
(vii) It is a set.
Question 2.
If A = ( 3, 5, 7, 9, 11), then write which of the following statements are
true. If a statements is not true, mention why.
(i) 3 ∈ A
(ii) 5, 9 ∈ A
(iii) 8 ∉ A
(iv) 7 ∉ A
(v) {3}∈ A
(vi) {5, 9} ∈ A
Solution:
(i) 3 ϵ A is ture. 3 is element of set.
(ii) 5, 9 ϵ A is true because these are element of set.
(iii) 8 ∉ A is true because 8 is not element of set.
(iv) It is false because 7 is element of set.
(v) It is false because {3} is different set and not element.
(vi) It is not true because (5,9) is different set.
Question 3.
Write the following sets in the roster farm :
(i) A = ( x | x is a month of a year having 30days}
(ii) B = ( x | x = 2n, n W and n < 5}
(iii) C = (x | x N and < 40}
(iv) D = ( all letters in the word PERMISSION}
(v) E = ( x : x I and < 10}
(vi) F = (x : x N, 15 < x < 50 and x is divisible by 6}
(vii) The set of whole numbers which are greater than 14 and divisible
by 7.
(viii) the set of signs of four fundamental operation of arithmetic.
Solution:
(i) A = ( April, june, September, November}
(ii) B = ( 0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
(iii) C = ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(iv) D = ( P, E, R, M, I, S, O, N}
(v) E = { -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
(vi) F = ( 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48}
(vii) ( 21, 28, 35, 42}
(viii) {x, – +, - }
Question 4.
Write the following sets in set builder form :
(i) A = ( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
(ii) B = ( all months of a year}
(iii) C = ( Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday}
Solution:
(i) A = {x | x is a prime number x < 20}
(ii) B = {x : x is any month of a year}
(iii) C = {x | x is any of the first three days of a week}
Question 5.
Write the following sets in roster form and also in set builder form:
(i) A = { even whole numbers which are less than 50}
(ii) B = { two digit numbers which are perfect square}
(iii) The set of letters in the word MUSSOORIE
Solution:
(i) A = { 0, 2, 4,……….,48}
A={x/x and x is an even number < 50 }
(ii) B = { 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81}

B = { x : x is perfect square and two digit number}
(iii) { M, U, S, O, R, I, E}
{ x | x is a letter in the word MUSSORIE.
Question. 6
The sets on the left are in tabular form while the sets on the right are in
set builder form. Match them.
(i) {2, 3} – (a) { x / x N and x < 6}
(ii) { P, A, Y} – (b) {x /x is a prime factor of 6 }
(iii) { 1, 3, 5 } – (c) { x | x is an odd natural number less than 6}
(iv) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} – (d) {x/x is a letter in word PAPAYA}
Solution:
(i) { 2,3} - (b) – (b) { x : x is a prime factor of 6}
(ii) { P, A, Y} – (d) { x/x is a letter in word PAPAPYA}
(iii) { 1, 3, 5} – (c) { x | x is an odd natural number less than 6}
(iv) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} – (a) { x /x N and x < 6}
Question 7.
Classify the following sets as empty set, finite set or infinite set:
(i) The set of all even prime number > 2.
(ii) The set of even prime numbers.
(iii) The set of prime numbers less than one crore.
(iv) { All points on a line segment of length 3 cm}.
Solution:
(i) Empty set.
(ii) Finite set.
(iii) Finite set.
(iv) Infinite set.
Question 8.
Find the cardinal number of the following sets.
(i) A = { x | x is a consonant in the word HUNDRED}
(ii) B = { x | x is a vowel in the word DEHRADOON}
(iii) C = { x | x ϵ W and < 50}
(iv) D = { Students of your school having 10 heads}
(v) E = { x | x is a prime between 8 and 30 }
Solution:
(i) {HNDR} = 4
(ii) { E, A, O} = 3
(iii) { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = 8
(iv) 0
(v) { 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29} = 6
Chapter 6
Fractions
Exercise 6.1
Question 1.
Write the following division as fractions:
(i) 3 ÷ 7
(ii) 11 ÷ 78
(iii) 113 ÷ 128
Solution:
(i) 3 ÷ 7 =
(ii) 11 ÷ 78 =
(iii) 113 ÷ 128 =
Question 2.
Write the following fractions in words.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Solution:
(i) = Two-seventh
(ii) = Three-Tenth
(iii) = fifteen – Twenty eighth
Question 3.
Write the following fractions in number form:
(i) one-sixth
(ii) three-eleventh,
(iii) seven – fortieth
(iv) thirteen – one hundred twenty fifth
Solution:
(i) one-sixth =
(ii) three-eleventh, =
(iii) seven – fortieth =
(iv) thirteen – one hundred twenty fifth =

Question 4.
What fraction of each of the following is shaded part ?
Solution:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
Question 5.
Shade the parts of the following figures according to given fractions:
Solution:
Question 6.
In the adjoining figure, if we say that the shaded region is of the whole
region, then identity the error in it.
Solution:
The whole rectangle is not divided into four equal parts.
Question 7.
Write the fraction in which
(i) Numerator = 5 and denominator = 13
(ii) denominator = 23 and numerator = 17
Solution:
(i)
(ii)
Question 8.
Shabha has to stitch 35 dresses. So, ar she has stitche 21 dresses. What
fraction of dresses has she stitched ?
Solution:
Number of dresses she had to stiches = 35
Number of dresses she has finished = 21
∴ Fraction of dresses she has finished = =
Question 9.
What fraction of a day is 8 hours ?
Solution:
Number of hours in a day = 24 hours
∴ Required fraction =
Question 10.
What fraction of an hour is 45 minutes?
Solution:
An hour ( 1 hour) = 60 minutes
Question 11.
How many natural numbers are there from 87 to 97 ? What fraction of
them are prime numbers ?
Solution:
The natural numbers from 87 to 97 are 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
96 and 97. Total number of natural number = 11 out of these,
the prime numbers are 87 and 97
Total number of these prime numbers = 2
Exercise 6.2
Question 1.
Show the fractions 25, 35, 45 and 55 on a number line.
Solution:
Question 2.
Show , , and on a number line.
Solution:
Question 3.
Show , , , , and on a number line.
Solution:
Exercise 6.3
Question 1.
State which of the following fractions are proper, improper or mixed :
Solution:
(i)
(ii)
(iii) 5
(iv)
(v) 11
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
Solution:
(i) = proper
(ii) = improper
(iii) 5 = mixed
(iv) = proper
(v) 11 = mixed
(vi) = improper
(vii) = proper
(viii) = improper
Question 2.
Convert the following improper fractions into mixed number:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Solution:
(i) =5
(ii) = 7
(iii) = 73
(iv) = 3
Question 3.
Convert the following mixed number into improper fractions:
(i) 7
(ii) 3
(iii) 13
(iv) 7
Solution:
×
(i) 7 =
×
(ii) 3 = =
×
(iii) 13 = = =
×
(iv) 7 = 7 = =
Question 4.
Write the fractions representing the shaded regions. Are all these
fractions equivalent ?
Solution:
÷ ÷ ÷
= = = = = =
÷ ÷ ÷
Yes, all the fractions are equivalent.

Question 5.
Write the fractions representing the shaded regions and pair up the
equivalent fractions from each row:
Solution:
(i)
(ii) =
(iii) =
(iv) =
(v)
(a) =
(b) =
(c) =
(d) =
(e) =
Equivalent fractions are:

(i) ↔ (d)
(ii) ↔ (b)
(iii) ↔ (e)
(iv) ↔ (a)
(v) ↔ (c)
Question 6.
(i) Find the equivalent fraction of with denominator 7.
(ii) Find the equivalent fraction of with denominator 63.
Solution:
….
(i) =
Let the numerator be a

⇒ 15 × 7 = 35 ×
15 × 7
=
35
⇒ =3
∴ =
….
(ii) =
Let the numerator, which needs to be calculated as x

⇒ 2 × 63 = 9 ×
2 × 63
=
9
⇒ = 14
∴ =
Question 7.
Find the equivalent fraction of having
(i) denominators 30
(ii) numerator 27.
Solution:
(i) having denominator 30
Multiply and divide the fraction by 6, we get
× =
(ii) having numerator 27
Multiply and divide the fraction by 9, we get
× =
Question 8.
Replace ‘………’ in each of the following by the correct number.
….
(i) =
(ii) =
…
(iii) =
….
…
(iv) =
Solution:
×
(i) = =
×
Hence ‘………’ is replaced by 10.
×
(ii) = =
×
Hence ‘………’ is replaced by 108.
×
(iii) = =
×
Hence ‘……’ is replaced by 5.
×
(iv) = =
×
Hence ‘…….’ is replaced by 5.
Question 9.
Check whether the given pairs of fractions are equivalent :
(i) ,
(ii) ,
(iii) ,
(iv) ,
Solution:
(i) ,
= 3 × 40 = 120
= 10 × 12 = 120
= 120 = 120
∴ The given fractions #$ are equivalent.
(ii) ,
= 5× 48 = 240
= 30 × 8 = 240
= 240 = 240
∴ The given fractions and are equivalent.
(iii) ,
Solutions :
= 4 × 20 = 80
= 6 × 30 = 180
80 ≠ 180
(iv) ,
= 7 × 11 = 77
= 5 × 13 = 65
77 ≠ 65
Question.10
Reduce the following fractions to simplest form:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Solution:
÷
(i) = =
÷
÷
(ii) = =
÷
÷
(iii) = =
÷
÷
(iv) = =
÷
Question 11.
Convert the following fractions into equivalent like fractions:
(i) ,
(ii) ,
(iii) , ,
Solution:
(i) ,
The LCM of 8 and 14
2 8 , 14
2 4, 7
2 2, 7
7 1, 7
1, 1
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 = 56
To write with denominator 56, multiply the numerator and

denominator by 7
×
= =
×
×
Similarly, = =
×
Thus, , can be written as and respectively which are

equivalent like fractions.
(ii) ,
The LCM of 6 and 16
2 6, 16
2 3, 8
2 3, 4
2 3, 2
3 3, 1
1, 1
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 48
To write with denominator 48, multiply the numerator and
denominator by 8
×
= =
×
×
Similarly, = =
×
Thus, , can be written as and respectively with equivalent like

fractions.
(iii) , ,
The LCM of 4, 6 and 8

2 4, 6, 8
2 2, 3, 4
2 1, 3, 2
3 1, 3, 1
1, 1, 1
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24
To write with denominator = 24 we need to multiply numerator and

denominator by 6
= × =
Similarly, and can be written as
× =
and
× =
Hence, , , can be written as , , respectively.
Which are equivalent like terms.

Exercise 6.4
Question 1. Show the fractions , , , , , and on the number line.

Replace ‘……’ byy an appropriate sign ” between given fractions:
(i) ….
(ii) ….0
(iii) … .
(iv) … .
Solution:
Number line
(i) >
(ii) > 0
(iii) <
(iv) >
Question 2.
Compare the given fractions and replace ‘…..’ by an appropriate
sign”
(i) ……..
(i) ….
(ii) … . .
(iii) ….
(iv) … . .
Solution:
(i) ……..
[ As these are like fractions with denominator 6 ]

Since 3 < 5
∴ < )
(ii) <
[Since these are unlike fractions with same numerator 2]

Since 5 < 7
∴ < )
(iii) <
[ As these are like fractions with denominator 5 ]

Since 3 < 4
∴ < )
(iv) …..
[ As these are unlike fractions with 4 as numerator ]

Since 7 < 9
4 4
∴ ….. *
7 9
Question : 3
Replace ‘….’ by an appropriate sing ‘<, = or >’ between the given
fractions:
(i) …..
(ii) …..
(iii) …..
(iv) …..
Solution:
(i) >
As in denominator 2 > 5; ∴ >
(ii) = ⇒ =
+∵ = #$ = )
(iii) > [∵ -. /# 01234 564 3 < 7]
(iv) >
[ As = and in Numerator 3 > 1]
> i.e. > )

Question 4.
Write the shaded portions as fractions. Arrange them in ascending order
using appropriate sign between fractions:
Solution:
(i)
In ascending Order, these are
, , , i.e. < < <
(ii)
In ascending Order, these are
, , , i.e., < < <
Question 5.
Compare the following pairds of fractions
(i) and
(ii) and
Solution:
(i) and
LCM of and 5 = 9 × 5 = 45
Write given fraction as like fraction
×
Now, ⇒ =
×
×
and ⇒ =
×
Here, <
∴ <
(ii) and
LCM of 16 and 9 = 144

Write given fraction as like fraction
×
Now, ⇒ =
×
×
and ⇒ =
×
Here, >
∴ >
Question 6.
Fill in the boxes by the symbol < or > to make the given statements
true :
(i) …
(ii) …
(iii) …
(iv) ….
Solution:
(i) >
(ii) <
(iii) <
(iv) >
Question 7.
Arrange the given fractions in descending order:
(i) , ,
(ii) , ,
Solution:
(i) , ,
The LCM of 17, 9 and 12

= 3 × 3 × 17 × 4 = 612
Make above fractions as like fractions
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
Here, > >
Hence, in descending order, these are
> >
(ii) , ,
The LCM of 12, 36, 76

= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 = 72
Make above fractions as like fractions
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
In descending, order these are
Hence, > >

Question 8.
Arrange the given fractions in the ascending order:
(i) , ,
(ii) , ,
(iii) , , ,
Solution:
(i) , ,
LCM of 8, 16, 6 = 48
Making them in like fractions
×
⇒ =
×
15 15 × 3 45
⇒ =
16 16 × 3 48
5 5×8 40
⇒ =
6 6×8 48
In ascending order, these are
Hence, , ,
5 7 15
< <
6 8 16
(ii) , ,
LCM of 4, 22 and 33 = 132, So Making them in like fractions

×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
< <
Hence, < <
(iii) , , ,
The LCM of 12, 4, 8, 6 = 24

Hence, Making them in like fractions
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
As < < <
Hence the given fraction in ascending order are
< < <

Exercise 6.5
Question 1.
Work out the following:
(i) +
(ii) −
(iii) 1 -
(iv) + −
(v) 2 + 3
(vi) 3 - 1 .
Solution:
(i) +
=
=
(ii) −
9
= = =
(iii) 1 -
9
=
(iv) + −
9
=
(v) 2 + 3 = +
=6
(vi) 3 − 1
= −
9
=
=1
Question 2.
Find in the missing fractions:
(i) - =
(ii) + =
(iii) - =
solution:
(i) - =
Let the missing number be .
⇒ - =
⇒ - = -
9
⇒ - =
⇒ =
(ii) x + =
⇒ x + =
⇒ = -
⇒ =
(iii) - =
⇒ − =
⇒ = +
⇒ =
⇒ =
⇒ = 1
Question 3.
Work out the following:
(i) +
(ii) -
(iii) +
(iv) 1 + 3
(v) 2 - 1
(vi) 3 − 2
Solution:
(i) + (L.C.M. of 3 and 4 = 12)
: × ;×: × ;
=
=1
(ii) -
( L.C.M. of 7 and 9 = 63)

: × ;9: × ;
=
9
=
(iii) +
( L.C.M. of 2 and 5 = 10)
: × ; : × ;
= =
=1
(iv) 1 + 3
⇒ +
( L.C.m. of 9 and 12 =36)

: × ; : × ;
=
= 4
(v) 2 − 1
⇒ - ( L.C.M. of 4 and 10 =20)
: × ;9: × ;
=
9
=
(vi) 3 − 2
⇒ −
( L.C.M. of 6 and 15 = 30)

: × ;9: × ;
=
9
⇒
= 1
Question 4.
Simplify the following:
(i) 1 + 2 +
(ii) 3 + 2 + 2
(iii) + -
(iv) 1 + -
(v) 1 -2 +1
(vi) - 1 -
(vii) 5 - 4 +
(viii) 2 -3 - +2
Solution:
(i) 1 + 2 +
3 3–2-4
2 1–2–4
1–1–2
L.C.M. of 3, 2 and 4 = 12
⇒ + +
× × ×
⇒
⇒
⇒ 4
(ii) 3 + 2 + 2
( L. C. M. of 9, 3 and 12 = 36)
= + +
3 9 – 3 – 12
3 3–1–4
1–1–4
× × ×
=
=8
(iii) + -
( L.C.M. of 12, 9, 6 = 36)
3 12 – 9 – 6
2 4–3–2
2 2–3–1
3 1–3–1
1–1–1
× × 9 ×
=
9
=
(iv) 1 + -
( L.C.M. 25, 20,5 = 100)
⇒ + -
× × 9 ×
⇒
9
⇒
9
=
=1
(v) 1 -2 +1
Solution:
( L.C.M. of 14, 6 ,7 = 42)
= - +
2 14, 6, 7
7 7, 3, 7
3 1, 3, 1
1,1, 1
× 9 × ×
=
9
⇒
9
=
=
(vi) -1 - ( L.C.M. of 1, 6, 15 = 30)
= - -
3 6 – 15
2 2–5
5 1–5
1–1
× 9 × 9 ×
=
9 9
=
=1
(vii) 5 - 4 +
( L.C.M. of 8, 18, = 72)
= − +
2 8 – 18
2 4–9
2 2–9
3 1-9
3 1–3
1–1
(viii) 2 -3 - +2
( L.C.M. of 14, 6, 5, 2 = 210)

Solution:
= - - +
2 14, 6, 5, 2
7 7, 3, 5, 1
1, 3, 5, 1
× 9 × 9 × ×
=
9 9
=
9
=
Question 5.
(i) What number should be addded to 512 to get 238 ?
(ii) What number should be subtracted from 5 to get 1513 ?
Solution:
(i) Let the number to be added = x
∴ + =2
∴ Required number ( ) = 2 -
19 5
= −
8 12
9
=
=1
(ii) Let the number to be subtracted =
∴ 5− =1
Required number ( ) = 5 – 1
= -
9
=
=3
Exercise 6.6
Question 1.
(i) ×
(ii) ×
(iii) 7 × 1
Solutioin:
(i) × ⇒
(ii) × =
(iii) 7 × 1
= ×1
= ×
= 11
Question 2:
(i) × 60
(ii) × 280
(iii) of 1
Solution:
(i) × 60 = 2 × 20 = 40
(ii) × 280
= 4 × 40 = 160
(iii) of 1
= ×
×
= =
×
Question 3.
Find the reciprocal of each of the following
(i)
(ii) 2
Solution:
(i) reciprocal of is . 1
(ii) reciprocal of 2 or /.
Question 4:
(i) ÷4
(ii) ÷
(iii) 8 ÷
(iv) 5 ÷
(v) 5 ÷ 1 .
Solution:
(i) ÷4 = × =
(ii) ÷
= × =
(iii) 8 ÷
= 8×
=9
(iv) 5 ÷
= ÷
= ×
=6
(v) 5 ÷ 1
= ÷
= ×
= 4
Exercise 6.7
Question 1.
Sarita bought 25 metre of ribbon and Lalita 34 metre of ribbon. What is
the totqal length of the ribbon they bought ?
Solution:
Ribbon bought by Sarita = 25m
Ribbon bought by Lalita = 34m
∴ Total length of the ribbon they bought
= m+ 2 = + 2
[L.C.M. of (5,4)= 20]

× ×
= m
= + 2
= 2
= m
=1 m
Question 2.
A bamboo of length 2 metre broke into two pieces. One piece was
metre long. How long is the other piece ?
Solution:
Let of original piece of bamboo = 2 = metre
Length of one piece = metre
Length of other piece = metre – metre
= − 23543
× 9 ×
= 2
[LCM =(4,8)=8]
9
=
= metre or 1 metre
Question 3:
Nidhi’s house is 1 km from her school. She walked some distance and
then took a bus for 1 km to reach the school. How far did she walk ?
Solution:
Distance of Nidhi’s house from school
= 1 km = >2
Distance travelled by bus = 1 km = >2
∴ Distance walked by nidhi
= − >2
[LCM (10,2) = 10]
× 9 ×
= >2
9
= = km = km
Question 4.
From a rope of length 20 m, a piece of length 3 m is cut off. Find the

length of the remaining rope.
Solution:
Total length of rope = 20 m
Length cut off = 3 m
Remaining rope = 20 − 3 2
= − 2
2 2, 8
4 1, 4
1, 1
∴ L.C. M. of 2 and 8 is a 8.
× 9 × 9
= 2
= m = 16 m
16
8 135
-8
55
48
7
∴ Length of the remaining rope = 16 m
Question 5 :
The weight of three packets are 2 kg, 3 kg and 5 kg Find total weight
of all the three packets.
Solution:
Weight of 1st packet = 2 kg
Weight of 2nd packet = 3 kg
Weight of 3rd packet = 5 kg
∴ Total weight
= 2 +3 +5
= + +
:∵ ?. @. A. 4, 3, 5 = 60;
2 4, 3, 5
2 2, 3, 5
1, 3, 5
× × ×
=
=11 kg
Question 6:
Shivani read 25 pages of a book containing 100 pages. Nandini read of
the same book. Who read less ?
Solution:
Shivani read pages = =
Nandni read pages =
Now, LCM of 4 and 5 = 20
Making and as like fractions
Here, <
∴ <
∴ Shivani read less pages than Nandi.
Question 7:
Rafiq exercised for 36 of an hour, while Rohit, exercised for 34 of an
hour. Who exercised for a longer time and by what fraction of an hour?
Solution :
Rafiq exercised for 36 of an hour
= 12 of an hour
Rafiq exercised for 34 of an hour
= 34 of an hour
LCM of 2 and 4 = 4
×
Now, = =
×
×
Also, = =
×
Here, <
i.e. <
i.e. <
Rafiq’s exercise < Rohit’s exercise

More exercise done by Rohit in fraction
= − =
Rohit does exercise more then Rafiq by of an hour.

Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) A fraction is a number which represent a ……of whole.
(ii) A proper fraction lies between 0 and…………
(iii) A mixed fraction can be converted into…… fraction.
(iv) Fractions having different denominations are called…………
(v) In two like fractions, the fraction having smaller numerator is ……..
(vi) reduced to simplest form is ………
(vii) 7 + ….. = 12
(viii) =
…….
Solution:
(i) A fraction is a number which represent a part of whole.
(ii) A proper fraction lies between 0 and 1.
(iii) A mixed fraction can be converted into an improper fraction.
(iv) Fractions having different denominations are called unlike fractions.
(v) In two like fractions, the fraction having smaller numerator is
smaller.
(vi) reduced to simplest form is .
B
(vii) 7 + 4 = 12
C
(viii) =
D
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are Ture (T) or False (F):
(i) Two fractions with same numerator are called like fractions.
(ii) A fraction in which the same numerator is greater than is
denominator is called an improper fraction.
(iii) Every improper fact on can be converted into a mixed fraction.
(iv) Every fraction can be represented by a point on a number line.
(v) In two unlike fraction with same numerator, the fraction having
greater denominator is greater.
(vi) , and are like fractions.
(vii) 5 - 1 = 4
Solution:
(i) Two fractions with same numerator are called like fractions. False
(ii) A fraction in which the numerator is greater than is denominator is
called an improper fraction. True
(iii) Every improper fraction can be converted into a mixed fraction.
True
(iv) Every fraction can be represented by a point on a number line. True
(v) In two unlike fractions with same numerator, the fraction having
greater denominator is greater. False
(vi) , and are like fractions. False
(vii) 5 – 1 = 4 False
Question 3:
in the given figure, the shaded part is represented by the fraction
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
(b)
Question 4.
In the given figure, the shaded region is represented by the fraction:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
(c)
Question 5.
The two consecutive integers between which the fraction
(a) 5 and 7
(b) 5 and 6
(c) 6 and 7
(d) 0 and 1
Solution:
(d) 0 and 1
Question 6.
Which of the following pairs of fractions are not equivalent?
(a) ,
(b) ,
(c) ,
(d) ,
Solution:
(d) ,
∵ , not same (d).
Question 7.
The fraction equivalent to is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
,
= :$;
,
( Dividing numerator and denominator by 9)

Question 8.
The fraction which is not equal to is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
is not equal to .(b)
∴ =
Question 9.
Which of the following fractions is not in the lowest form?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
The lowest form of this can be written as
=
Question 10.
A pair of like fraction is
(a) ,
(b) ,
(c) ,
(d) ,
Solution:
(b) ,
Like fractions are those fractions who have same denominator. (b)
Question. 11
Which of the following fractions is the greatest ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
(a)
Question 12.
Which of the following fractions is the smallest ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
(c)
Question 13.
Which of the following is a false statement?
(a) <
(b) =
(c) =
(d) >
Solution:
(c) =
Because, if we multiply and divide the fraction with 4, we get

× = (c)
Question 14.
E G
+ is equal to ?
F EG
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
+
( L.C.M. of 7 and 14 is 14)
: × ; : × ;
⇒
= (d)
Question 15.
− is equal to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
( L.C.M. of 9 and 18 is 18)
: × ;9: × ;
⇒
9
⇒
= (c)
Question 16.
Anshul eats of a pizza. The fraction of pizza left is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
Let the total size of pizza be 1
Anshul has of 1 =
9
Remaining part = 1 - = = (a)
Question. 17
The fraction whose numerator is the smallest odd prime number and
denominator is the smallest composite number is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
(a)
Higher Order thinking Skills (HOTS)
Question 1.
Write all proper fractions whose sum of numerator and denominator is
12.
Solution:
, , ,
,
⇒ 1 + 11 = 12
⇒ 2 + 10 = 12
⇒ 3 + 9 = 12
⇒ 4 + 8 = 12
⇒ 5 + 7 = 12
Question 2.
The given figure represents the preferences of the students during
breakfast in a hostel mess. If the total number of students in the mess is
540, then with reference to the given figure, answer the following
questions:
(i) What is the number of students who prefer coffee ?
(ii) Whose number is greater, milk drinkers or orange juice drinkers and
by what number ?
(iii) What is the total number of students who drink mango shake or
coffee ? Is it equal to milk drinker ?
(iv) Is the sum of all fractions in the given figure equal to 1?
Solution:
(i) Total number of students = 540
Ratio of students who prefer coffee = 16
∴ Number of student prefer coffee
= 540 × = 90 students
(ii) milk drinkers =
Orange drinkers =
L.C.M. of ( 3,4) = 12
×
= =
×
×
= =
×
⇒ >
Number of milk drinkers = 540 × = 180
Orange drinkers = 540 × = 135
= 180-135 = 45
∴ Milk drinkers are more orange drinkers by number = 45.
(iii) Number of Mango shake drinkers
= 540 × = 90
Number of coffee drinkers
= 540 × = 90
Total number of mango shake and coffee drinkers = 90 + 90 = 180

Milk drinkers = 180
Yes, it is equal to milk drinkers.
(iv) Sum of all fractions are
= + + + +
( L.C.M. of 4, 12, 3, 6 ,6 =12)
× × × × ×
= + + + +
× × × × ×
=
=1
Yes, the sum of all of the fractions are equal to 1.
Check your Progress
Question 1.
State whether the following statements are True (T) or false (F):
(i) The fraction lies between 2 and 3.
(ii) To find an equivalent fraction to a given fraction, we may add or

subtract the same (non-zero) number to its numerator and
denominator.
(iii) To add or subtract like fractions, we add or subtract the numerators

while keeping the denominator same.
Solution:
(i) False
As lies between 0 and 1
(ii) False
We should multiply and divide by appropriate numerator keep the
denominator same. And that appropriate number is obtained by the LCM
of all the denominators.
(iii) True
Question 2.
How many natural numbers are there between 102 and 112 ? What
fraction of them are prime number ?
Solution:
The natural numbers from 102 to 112 are : 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 111
Total number of natural numbers = 9
Out of these prime numbers are:
103, 107, 109 = 3
∴ Total number of these prime numbers = 3
Required fraction = =
Question 3.
Match the equivalent fractions from each row:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Solution:
(i) = =
Which is equivalent to (d)

(i) ↔ (d)
(ii) = =
Which is equivalent to (e)

(ii) ↔ (e)
(iii) = = =
Which is equivalent to (a)
(iii) ↔ (a)
(iv) = = =
Which is equivalent to (c)

(iii) ↔ (c)
(v) =
Which is equivalent to (b)

(v) ↔ (b)
Question 4.
Replace by an appropriate symbol ‘< or >’ between the given
fractions.
(i) …….
(ii) …..
(iii) …..
Solution:
(i) …….
LCM of 6 and 15
= 3 × 2 × 5 = 30
Now, making them like fractions
×
= =
×
×
= =
×
Here, <
Hence, <
(ii) ….
Solution:
LCM of 5 and 9 = 45
×
= =
×
×
= =
×
Here, <
Hence, <
(iii) …..
LCM of 12 and 14 = 2 × 6 × 7 = 84
×
⇒ =
×
×
⇒ =
×
Here, <
i.e. <
Question 5.
Arrange the following fractions in descending order: , , ,
Solution:
7 13 9 3
, , ,
30 15 10 5
LCM of 30, 15, 10, 5 = 30
∴ Making all fractions as like fractions
×
∴ = =
×
×
= =
×
×
= =
×
×
= =
×
> > >
OR
> > >
Question 6:
Simplify: 2 − 3 + 5
Solution:
2 −3 +5 = - +
( Changing into, like fractions)

× × ×
= − +
× × ×
( LCM of 2, 4, 6 = 12)
9
= = =5
Question 7:
(i) × 180
(ii) of 5
(iii) ÷
Solution:
(i) × 180 = = 108
(ii) of 5
= ×
=2
(iii) ÷
= ×
×
= =
×
Question 8.
Asha and Samuel have bookshelves of the same size partly filled with
books. Asha’s shelf is 56 full and Samuel’s shelf is 35 full. Whose
bookshelf is more full and by what fraction ?
Solution:
Asha’s shelf is 56th fukk of book Samuel’s shelf is 35th full of book.
[LCM (6,5) = 30]
Like fractions of and is:

⇒ × =
⇒ × =
∴ >
∴ Asha’s bookshelf is more full by fraction
-
9
i.e. by fraction =
Question 9
A farmer uses four out of five equal strips of his land for wheat crop and
17 of his land for cereal crop. What fraction of his land is available for
other crops ?
Solution:
A farmer has 5 equal strips of land
Land used for wheat crop =
Land used for cereal crop =

Total land used = +
× ×
= = =
Land available = −
9
⇒ 1- = =
Chapter 7
Decimals
Exercise 7.1
Question 1.
Write each of the following decimal numbers in words :
(i) 30.5
(ii) 0.03
(iii) 108.56
(iv) 47.20
(v) 5.008
(vi) 26.039
Solution:
(i) 30.5 Thirty point five
(ii) 0.03 zero point zero three
(iii) 108.56 One hundred eight point five six
(iv) 47.20 Forty seven point two zero.
(v) 5.008 Five point zero zero eight
(vi) 26.039 Twenty six point zero three mine
Question 2.
Write each of the following decimal numbers in the place value table :
(i) 4.2
(ii) 0.3
(iii) 205.9
(iv) 0.29
(v) 2.08
(vi) 7200.812
(vii) 38.007
Solution:
Places Thousands Hundred Tens Ones Tenths Hundred Thousandths
s ths
Values 1000 100 10 1 1
10
(i)4.2 4 2
(ii) 0 0 3
.3
(iii) 205.9 2 0 5 9
(iv) 0.29 0 2 9
(v) 2.08 2 0 8
(vi) 7 2 0 0 8 1 2
7200.812
(vii) 3 8 0 0 7
38.007
Question 3.
Write the following decimal numbers in the expanded form:
(i) 123.7
(ii) 43.06
(iii) 509.306
Solution:
(i) 123.7 = 100 + 20 + 3 +
(i) 43.06 = 40 + 3 +
(iii) 509.306 = 500 + 9 + +
Question 4 :
Write each of thre following as a decimal number :
(i) 200 + 60 + 5 +
(ii) 50 + +
(iii) 70 + 6 + +
(iv) 600 + 7 + +
Solution:
(i) 200 + 60 + 5 + = 265.30
(ii) 50 + + = 50.16
(iii) 70 + 6 + + = 76.709
(iv) 600 + 7 + + = 607.036
Question 5.
Write each of the following as decimals:
(i) Two ones and five tenths
(ii) Two tens and nine tenths
(iii) Six hundred point eight
(iv) Two hundred five and five hundredths
(v) Seven and fifteen thousandths
Solution:
(i) 2 × 1 + 5 ×
=2+ = 2.5
(ii) 2× 10 + 9 ×
= 20 + = 20.9
(iii) 600.8
(iv) 205 + = 205.05
(v) 7 + = 7.015
Question 6.
Write the number given in the following place value table in decimal
form:
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones(1) Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
(1000) (100) (100)
(i) 7 1 0 2 3 0 6
(ii) 2 1 1 9 0 2
(iii) 3 0 5 3 0 1 5
(iv) 7 0 0 3
(v) 5 4 0
(vi) 7 1 9 0 2 8
Solution:
(i) 7102.306
(ii) 211.902
(iii) 3053.015
(iv) 70.03
(v) 5.40
(vi) 719.028
Question 7.
Show the following decimal numbers on the number line:
(i) 0.4
(ii) 1.9
(iii) 1.1
(iv) 2.5
Solution:
Question 8.
Write the decimal numbers represented by the points A,B, C and D on
the given number line:
Solution:
A = 0.8
B = 1.3
C = 2.2
D = 2.9
Question 9.
Between which two numbers in tenths place on the number line does
each of the givn number lie ?
(i) 0.06
(ii) 0.45
(iii) 0.66
(iv) 0.92
Solution:
(i) 0 and 0.1
(ii) 0.4 and 0.5
(iii) 0.6 and 0.7
(iv) 0.9 and 1.0
Exercise 7.2
Question 1.
Write the following decimal fractions as decimal numbers:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Solution:
(i) = 53.1
(ii) = 4.22
(iii) = 58.301
(iv) = 0.7
(v) = 0.03
(vi) = 0.037
Question 2.
Write the following decimal numbers as decimal fractions:
(i) 54.01
(ii) 318.105
(iii) 0.37
(iv) 0.047
(v) 0.03
(vi) 34.5
Solution:
(i) 54.01 =
(ii) 318.105 =
(iii) 0.37 =
(iv) 0.047 =
(v) 0.03 =
(vi) 34.5 =
Question 3.
Write the following decimal numbers as fractions in lowest terms:
(i) 0.8
(ii) 0.04
(iii) 0.04
(iv) 0.125
(v) 0.225
(vi) 0.066
(vii) 0.092
Solution:
(i) 0.8 = =
(ii) 0.04 = =
(iii) 0.125 = =
(iv) 0.225 = =
(vi) 0.066 = =
(vii) 0.092 = =
Question 4.
Convert the following decimal numbers into mixed fractions:
(i) 31.6
(ii) 3.25
(iii) 7.025
(iv) 95.95
Solution:
(i) 31.6 = = = 31
(ii) 3.25 = = =3
(iii) 7.025 = = =7
(iv) 95.25 = = = 95
Question 5.
Convert the following fractions into decimal numbers:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi) 7
Solution:
×
(i) = = =0.8
×
×
(ii) = = = 0.24
×
×
(iii) = = = 0.896
×
×
(iv) = = = 0.375
×
×( ) ×
(v) 7 = = = = 7.075
×
Question 6.
Convert the following unlike decimal numbers to like decimal numbers:
(i) 17.5, 3.912
(ii) 5.04, 13.1902
(iii) 2.451, 3.7, 28.34
(iv) 3.1, 2.678, 27.0103
Solution :
(i) 17.500, 3.912
(ii) 5.0400, 13.1902
(iii) 2.451, 3.700, 28.340
(iv)3.1000, 2.6780, 27.0103
Question 7.
In each of the following pairs of decimal numbers, state which number is
greater ?
(i) 0.3, 0.4
(ii) 1, 0.99
(iii) 1.09, 1.093
(iv) 0.5,0.05
Solution:
(i) 0.3, 0.4
Multiply both with 10, we get
3, 4
∴ 0.4 is greater than 0.3
(ii) 1.099
100, 99
∴ 1 is greater than 0.99
(iii) 1.09, 1.093
1090, 1.093
(iv) 0.5, 0.05

50, 5
Question 8.
In each of the following pairs of decimal numbers, state which number is
smaller.
(i) 45.78, 345.8
(ii) 37.701, 37.71
(iii) 5.097, 5.093
Solution:
(i) 45.78
(ii) 37.701
(iii) 5.093
Question 9.
Arrange the following decimal numbers in ascending order:
(i) 27.35, 27.305, 2.7, 2.543
(ii) 4.53, 4.07, 29.1, 0.9, 0.709
Solution:
(i) 2.543, 2.7, 27.305, 27.35
(ii) 0.709, 0.9, 4.07, 4.53, 29.1
Question 10.
Arrange the following decimal numbers in descending order.
(i) 3.303, 33.03, 3.3,30.33
(ii) 72.5, 2.75, 27.505, 0.275, 2.507
Solution:
(i) 33.03, 30.33, 3.303, 3.3
(ii) 72.5, 27.505’, 2.75, 2.507, 0.275
Exercise 7.3
Question 1.
Add:
(i) 17.5, 8.8
(ii) 9.999, 0.03
(iii) 5.87, 1.03, 0.1
(iv) 23.71, 9.9, 4.023
(v) 4.5, 16.024, 7.99
(vi) 8.79, 23.001, 5.41, 0.875
Solution;
(i) 17.5, 8.8
17.5
+8.8
26.3
(ii) 9.999, 0.03

9.999
+ 0.030
10.029
(iii) 5.87, 1.03, 0.1
5.87
1.03
+ 0.10
7.00
(iv) 23.71, 9.9, 4.023

23.710
+ 9.900
4.023
37.633
(v) 4.5, 16.024, 7.99

04.500
16.024
+07.990
28. 514
(vi) 8.79, 23.001, 5.41, 0.875

08.790
23.001
05.410
+ 00.875
38.076
Question 2.
Work out :
(i) 5.82 – 2.65
(ii) 19.01 – 12.234
(iii) 15.4 + 3.015 – 14.237
(iv) 7.4 + 2.19 – 0.456 – 3.5
(v) 19.27 – 3.6 – 8.812 + 0.84
(vi) 6.4 – 2.351 – 1.45 – 0.999
Solution:
(i) 5.82 – 2.65
5.82
- 2.65
3.17
(ii) 19.01 – 12.234

19.010
- 12.234
6.776
(iii) 15.4 + 3.015 – 14.237

15.400
+ 03.015
18.415
(iv) 7.4 – 2.19 – 0.456 – 3.5
7.40
- 2.19
5.21
(v) 19.27 – 3.6 – 8.812 + 0.84

19.27 15.670 6.858
-3.60 - 08.812 + 0.840
15.67 6.858 7.698
(vi) 6.4 – 2.351 – 1.45 – 0.999

6.400 4.049 2.599
- 2.351 - 1.450 0.999
4.049 2.599 1.600
Q.3 What nuber off added to 0.756 gives 1 ?

Solution: Let the number of be addiesd -
What number added to 0.756 gives 1?

Solution:
Let the number to be added is = x
According to question,
x + 0.756 = 1
x = 1.000 – 0.756 = 0.244
∴ Number addes is 0.2444.
Question 4.
By how much should 17.45 be decreased to get 7.9702?
Solution:
One number = 17.45
Outcome = 7.9702
Second number = ?
17.4500
- 07.9702
9.4798
Exercise 7.4
Question 1.
(i) 3.7 × 4.5
(ii) 12.08 × 9.3
(iii) 238.06 × 7.5
(iv) 0.79 × 32.4
(v) 3.6 × 1.4 × 0.7
(vi) 9.01 × 2.5 × 1.6
Solution:
(i) 3.7 × 4.5
3.7
×4.5
185
148×
16.65
(ii) 12.08 × 9.3
12.08
× 9.3
3624
10872×
112.344
(iii) 238.06 × 7.5

238.06
× 7.5
119030
166642×
1785.450
(iv) 0.79 × 32.4
32.4
× .76
2916
2268×
25.596
(v) 3.6 × 1.4 × 0.7
3.6 5.04
× 1.4 × .7
144 3.528
36×
5.04
(vi) 9.01 × 2.5 × 1.6
9.01 22.525
× 2.5 × 1.6
4505 135150
1802× 22525×
22.525 36.0400
Question 2.
Workour following:
(i) 70.756 ÷ 4
(ii) 2.46 ÷ 6
(iii) 3.016 ÷ 8
(iv) 8.64 ÷ 3.6
(v) 72.8 ÷ 0.04
(iv) 0.144 ÷ 0.02
Solution:
(i) 70.756 ÷ 4
4 70.756 17.689
-4
30
- 28
27
- 24
35
-32
36
36
×
(ii) 2.46 ÷ 6
6 2.46 .41
-2.4
6
= 6
×
(iii) 3.106 ÷ 8
8 3.106 .377
-24
61
-56
56
- 56
×
(iv) 8.64 ÷ 3.6

= 86.4 ÷ 36
36 86.4 2.4
-72
144
-144
×
(v) 72.8 ÷ 0.04

.
= =
.
4 7280 1820 2 14.4 7.2
-4 -14
32 4
- 32 - 4
8 0
-8
×
Question 3.
Multiply each of the following numbers bu 10, 100 amda rt
Solution:
(i) 4.7
(ii) 3.45
(iii) 23.01
Solution:
(i) 4.7
4.7 × 10 = 47
4.7 × 100 = 470
4.7 × 1000 = 4700
(ii) 3.45
3.45 × 10 = 34.5
3.45 × 100 = 345
3.45 × 1000 = 3450
(iii) 0.234
0. 234 × 10 = 2.34
0.234 × 100 = 23.4
0.234 × 1000 = 234
Question 4.
Divide each of the following numbers by 10, 100 and 1000 ( Orally).
(i) 4.7
(ii) 3.45
(iii) 23.01
Solution:
(i) 4.7
4.7 ÷ 10 = 0.47
4.7 ÷ 100 = 0.047
4.7 ÷ 1000 = 0.0047
(ii) 3.45
3.45 ÷ 10 = 0.345
3.45 ÷ 100 = 0.0345
3.45 ÷ 1000 = 0.00345
(iii) 23.01
23.1 ÷ 10 = 2.301
23.1 ÷100 = 0.2301
23.1 ÷1000 = 0.02301
Exercise 7.5
Question 1:
Express as using a s decimals.
(i) 75 paise
(ii) 1025 paise
(iii) 63 rupees 9 paise
Solution:
(i) 75 paise = ₹ = ₹0.75
(ii) 1025 paise = ₹ =₹10.25
(iii) 63 rupees = ₹63.09
Question 2.
Express as cm using decimals.
(i) 8 mm
(ii) 263 mm
(iii) 13cm 3 mm
Solution:
(i) 8mm = = 0.8
(ii) 263 mm = = 26.3 cm
(iii) 13cm 3mm =13 cm × 310 = 13.3

Question 3.
Express as metres using decimals:
(i) 6 cm
(ii) 528 cm
(iii) 7m 55cm
Solution:
(i) 6 cm = = 0.06
(ii) 528 cm = m = 5.28 m
(iii) 7m 55cm = 7m + 55 cm
=7m+ m = ( 7 + .55)m = 7.55m
Question 4.
Express as km using decimals:
(i) 5 m
(ii) 888m
(iii) 15km 88m
Solution:
(i) 5m = = 0..005km
(ii) 528m = 888v00km = 0.888km

(iii) 15km 88m = 15km + 88m
= 15 km + 881000 km
= ( 15 + 0.88) kmsss
= 15.088km
Question 5.
Express as kg using decimals:
(i) 37g
(ii) 100 g
(iii) 5kg 8g
Solution:
(i) 37g = 371000kg = 0.037 kg
(ii) 100g = kg = 0.1kg
(iii) 5kg 8g = 5kg + 8gm

= 5 kg = 81000kg.
= ( 5 + .008)kg = 5.008kg
Question 6.
Anita bought 2m 70 cm cloth for her shirt and 2m 85 cm cloth for her
trouser. Find the total length of the cloth bought by her.
Solution:
Cloth bought for her shirt
= 2m 70 cm = 2m + 70 cm
= 2m + 70100m
= 2m + 0.70m ( ∵ 1 = 1100 )
= ( 2m + 0.70) m = 2.70m
Cloth bought for her trouser
= 2m 85 cm = 2m + 85 cm
= 2m + 85100m = 2m + 0.85 m ( ∵ 1 = 1100m)
= ( 2 + 0.85) m = 2.85
∴ Total lengths of cloth bought is 2.70 m + 2.85m = 5.55m
Question 7.
Sunita travelled 15 km 268m by bus, 7km 7m by car and 500m on foot
in order to reach her school. How far is her school from her residence?
Solution:
Distance travelled by bus
= 15km 268 m = 15km + 268m
= 15 km + km
= 15km + 0.268km
%∵ 1 = & '
= ( 15 + 0.268) km = 15.268km
Distance travelled by car
= 7 km 7m = 7km + 7m
= 7 km + km
= 7 km + 0.007km
1
(∵ 1 = & )
1000
= ( 7 + 0.007) km = 7.007km
Distance travelled by foot
= 500m = & = 0.500 km
1
(∵ 1 = & )
1000
∴ Distance of school from residence

= 15.268km + 7.007 km + 0.500km
= 22.775 km
1 1
1 5 . 2 6 8 km
+ 7 . 0 0 7 km
+ 0 . 5 0 0 km
= 2 2 . 7 7 5 km
Question 8.
Rahul bought 4kg 90g apples, 2kg 60g grapes and 5kg 300g
mangoes.Find the total weight of all the fruits he bought.
Solution:
Weight of apples = 4kg 90g
= 4 kg + &* +∵ 1* = &*,
= 4kg + 0.09kg
= ( 4 + 0.09)kg = 4.09kg
Weight of grapes = 2kg 60g
= 2kg + +∵ 1* = &*,
= 2kg + 0.06 kg
= ( 2 + 0.06) kg = 20.6kg
Weight of mangoes = 5kg 300g
= 5kg + kg +∵ 1* = &*,
= 5kg + 0.3kg
= ( 5 + 0.3)kg = 5.3kg
Total weight of his purchases is
= 4.090kg + 2.060 kg + 5.300kg
= 11.450kg
Question 9.
Rani had ₹18.50 She bought one ice-cream for ₹11.75. How much
money does she have now?
Solution:
Money Rani had = ₹18.50
Ice-cream bought for = ₹11.75
∴ Money she has now = ₹18.50 - ₹11.75 = ₹6.75
7 14 1
₹ 1 8 . 5 0
- ₹ 1 1 . 7 5
= ₹ 6 . 7 5
Question 10.
Tina had 20m 5m long cloth. She cuts 4m 50cm length of cloth from this
for making a curtain. How much cloth is left with her?
Solution:
Length of cloth Tina had
= 20m 5cm = 20m + 5cm
= 20m + = 20 + 0.05
%∵ = 0.01 '
= (20 + 0.05) = 20.05

Length of cloth cut of 4m 50cm
= 4m + 50 cm
= 4m + =4 + 0.50
%∵ = 0.01 '
= ( 4 + 0.50)m = 4.50m
∴ Length of cloth left = 20.05 m – 4.50m
= 15.55
1 9 10
2 0 . 0 5 m
- 4 . 5 0 m
= 1 5 . 5 5 m
Question 11.
Ruby bought a watermelond weighing 5kg 300g. Out of which she gave
2kg 680g to her neighbour. What is the weight of the watermelon left
with Ruby?
Solution:
Total weight of watermelon = 5kg300gm
∴ Given to neighbour = 2kg 680gm
∴ Weight of watermelon left
= 5 × 1000 + 300* − 2 × 1000* + 680*
= 5300 gm – 2680 gm = 2620 gm
Question 12.
The cost of 1 metre of cloth is ₹ 35.80. What will be cost of 9.8 metres
of cloth?
Solution:
Given: Cost of one metre cloth = ₹ 35.80
∴ Cost of 9.8 metre cloth is
35.80
× 9.8
28640
32220×
350840
Cost of 9.8m cloth = ₹ (35.80×9.8)
= ₹350.84
Question13.
Farida bought some bags of cement, each weighing 49.8kg. If the total
weight of all the bags is 1792.8 kg, how many bags did she buy ?
Solution:
Total weight of bag = 1792.8 kg

Weight of cement bag = 49.8kg
∴ The number of bags she bought
. ×
= = = 36
. ×
Objective Types Question
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) The decimal point in a decimal number is placed between ones digit
and ………..digit.
(ii) The place value of the digit 3 in the decimal number is 15.437 is
……….
(iii) The decimal number 27.025 has………decimal places.

(iv) The decimal number 5.06 is read as five point.
(v) If an object is divided into 10000 equal parts, then its 27 parts are
represented by ……….
(vi) Two decimal numbers having different number of …….. are called
unlike decimal numbers.
(vii) 4 tens, 3 ones, 2 tenths, 0 hundredths and 5 thousandths in decimal
form is written as………
(viii) The smallest decimal number upto three decimal places is ……….
Solution:
(i) The decimal point in a decimal number is placed between ones digit
and tenths digit.
(ii) The place value of the digit 3 in the decimal number is 15.437 is
/
.
(iii) The decimal number 27.025 has 3 decimal places.

(iv) The decimal number 5.06 is read as five point zero six.
(v) If an object is divided into 10000 equal parts, then its 27 parts are
represented by 0.027.
(vi) Two decimal numbers having different number of decimal places
are called unlike decimal numbers.
(vii) 4 tens, 3 ones, 2 tenths, 0 hundredths and 5 thousandths in decimal
form is written as 43.025.
(viii) The smallest decimal number upto three decimal places is 0.001.
Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true (T) or False (F):
(i) Every decimal umber can be represented by a point on a number line.
(ii) Fractions with denominator 10, 100, 1000, are called decimal
fractions.
(iii) A decimal number having 3 decimal places can be written as a
fraction with denominator 1000.
(iv) The value of a decimal number remains the same if any number of
extra zeros are written at the end of a decimal number.
(v) If a decimal number is multiplies by 10, then the decimal point
moves by one place to the left.
Solution:
(i) Every decimal umber can be represented by a point on a number line.
True
(ii) Fractions with denominator 10, 100, 1000, are called decimal
fractions. True
(iii) A decimal number having 3 decimal places can be written as a

fraction with denominator 1000. True
(iv) The value of a decimal number remains the same if any number of
extra zeros are written at the end of a decimal number. True
(v) If a decimal number is multiplies by 10, then the decimal point
moves by one place to the left. False

Question 3.
Five and seven hundredth is equal to
(a) 5.7
(b) 5.07
(c) 5.70
(d) 0.57
Solution:
=5.07 (b)
Question 4.
Sixty Three thousandths is equal to:
(a) 0.63
(b) 0.603
(c) 0.063
(d) 0.630
Solution:
0.063 (c)
Question 5.
3 is equal to:
(a) 3.07
(b) 3.7
(c) 3.70
(d) 3.007
Solution:
3.07 = 3 = = 3.07 (a)
Question 6.
5 is equal to:
(a) 5.03
(b) 5.3
(c) 5.003
(d) 5.0003
Solution:
5.003 (c)
Question 7.
The place value of the digit 7 in the decimal number 5.0378 is
(a) 7
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
(d)
Places One Tenths Hundredths Thousandths ten

thousandths
Values 1 1 1 1 1
10 100 1000 10000
5.0378 5 0 3 7 8
Question 8.
The place value of the digit 0 in the decimal number 13.405 is
(a) 0
(b)
(c)
(d) none of these

Solution:
(c)
Places One Tenths Hundredths Thousandths ten

thousandths
Values 1 1 1 1 1
10 100 1000 10000
5.0378 5 0 3 7 8
Question 9.
The value of 5 + + is
(a) 5.73
(b) 5.703
(c) 5.073
(d) 0.753
Solution:
5.703 (b)
5+ + =5+ + + = 5.703
Question 10:
The value of is
(a) 1.2
(b) 0.012
(c) 0.12
(d) none of these
Solution:
= = [Multiply and divide by 4]
= = 0.12 (c)
Question 11.
The value of 5 is
(a) 5.4
(b) 5.25
(c) 5.04
(d) 5.004
Solution:
.
5 = = = 5.04 (c)
.
Question 12.
The decimal number not equivalent to 5.7 is
(a) 5.70
(b) 5.07
(c) 5.700
(d) 5.700
Solution:
5.07 (b)
Question 13.
1 g is equal to
(a) 0.1 kg
(b) 0.01 kg
(c) 0.001 kg
(d) 0.0001 kg
Solution:
0.001 kg (c)
Question 14.
2 km 7m is equal to
(a) 2.7 km
(b) 2.07 km
(c) 2.007 km
(d) 2.0007 km
Solution:
2 km 7m = km = 2.007km (c)
Question 15.
Among 2.34, 2.43, 2.344 and 2.4, the greatest number is
(a) 2.34
(b) 2.43
(c) 2.344
(d) 2.4
Solution:
2.34, 2.43, 2.344 and 2.4
Multiply the above number with 100
2.34, 2.43, 234.4 and 240
∴ The greater number is 2.43(b)
Question 16.
5.2 – 3.6 is equal to
(a) 0.16
(b) 2.6
(c) 0.26
(d) 1.6
Solution:
5.2 -3.6 = − = = 1.6 (d)

Question 17.
A decimal number lying between 2.2 and 2.22 is
(a) 2.12
(b) 2.23
(c) 2.219
(d) 2.3
Solution:
(c) 2.219
Question 18.
0.023 lies between
(a) 0.2 and 0.3
(b) 0.02 and 0.03
(c) 0.029 and 0.03
(d) 0.026 and 0.024
Solution:
0.02 and 0.03 (b)
Question 19.
0.7499 lies between
(a) 0.7 and 0.74
(b) 0.759 and 0.799
(c) 0.749 and 0.75
(d) 0.74992 and 0.75
Solution:
0.749 and 0.75 (c)
Question 20.
Which of the following decimal numbers is the greatest ?
(a) 0.182
(b) 0.038
(c) 0.219
(d) 0.291
Solution:
0.291 (d)
Question 21.
Which of the following decimal numbers is the smallest?
(a) 0.108
(b) 1.08
(c) 0.801
(d) 0.81
Solution:
(a) 0.108
Question 22.
0.003 × 0.2 is equal to
(a) 0.6
(b) 0.06
(c) 0.006
(d) 0.0006
Solution:
0.0006 (d)
Question 23.
0.45 + 0.9 is equal to
(a) 50
(b) 5
(c) 0.5
(d) 0.05
Solution:
(c) 0.5
9 0.45 0.5
0
45
45
×
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HoTs)
Qustion 1.
On her birthday, Ayushi is taking her 5 friends to a movie and treats
them with cold costs. The cost of a ticket is ₹150 and a cold drink cost
₹ 28.50. How much Ayushi has to spend?
Solution:
Number of friends = 5 +1 Ayushi herdelf = 6
Cost of 1 ticket = ₹150
Cost of 6 tickets = ₹150 × 6 = 900
Cost of 1 cold drink = ₹28.50
Cost of 6 cold drinks = ₹28.50 6 = 171
Ayushi has to spend = ₹900 + ₹171 = ₹1071
Question: 2
Write digits in the boxes of the number :
(i) greater possible number
(ii) Smallest possible number. Repetition of digits in a number is not
allowed.
Solution:
(i) Greatest possible number
=3 9 4 7 8 5 4
(ii) Smallest possible number

=3 0 6 1 8 2 4
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Convert the following decimal numbers into fractions ( in lowest terms).
(i) 6.015
(ii) 0.876
(iii) 23.375
Solution:
= = =6
200 1203 6
1200
3
(ii) 0.876 = = =
(iii) 23.375
= = = 23
23
8 187
16
27
24
3
Question 2.
Write the following fractions as decimals numbers:
(i)
(ii) 2
(iii) 13
Solution:
×
(i) = = = 0.625
×
×
(ii) 2 = = = 2.248
×
(iii) 13 = = 13.175
40 527 13.175
40
127
120
70
40
300
280
200
200
×
Hence 13 = 13.175
Question 3.
Arrange the following decimal numbers in ascending order:
(i) 123.8, 74.205, 74.209, 7.4209
(ii) 85.01, 85.1, 85.001, 85.103
Solution:
(i) 7.4209, 74.205, 74.209, 123.8
(ii) 85.001, 85.01, 85.1, 85.103
Question 4.
Arrange the following decimal numbers in descending order:
(i) 6.45, 4.65, 6.405, 64.5, 6.54
(ii) 73.5, 35.7, 7.35, 7.53, 7.035
Solution:
(i) 64.5 > 6.54 > 6.45 > 6.405 > 4.65
(ii) 73.5 > 35.7 > 7.53 > 7.35 > 7.035
Question 5.
If the school bags of Garima and Nakul weigh 5.2 kg and 4.832 kg
respectively, find
(i) The total weight.
(ii) the difference in weight of the bags.
Solution:
Weight of Garima’s bag = 5.2 kg.
Weight of Nakul’s bag = 4.832 kg.
(i) Hence total weight of bags = 5.200
+ 4.832
10.032 kg
(ii) Difference in weight of bags = 5.200

- 4.832
0.368 kg
Question 6.
(i) 31.42 – 17.853 – 6.43
(ii) 13.01 – 5.428 – 3.703 + 2.99.
Solution:
(i) 31.42 – 17.853 – 6.43
31.420
-17.853
13.567
13.567
- 6.430
7.137
(ii) 13.01 – 5.428 – 3.703 + 2.99.

13.010
-5.428
7.582
7.582
- 3.703
3.879
3.879
+ 2.990
6.869
Question 7.
By how much does the sum of 15.453 and 31.657 exceed the sum of
18.47 and 19.506 ?
Solution:
Sum of 15.453
+ 31.647
Total 47.100
Sum of 18.470
+ 19.506
Total 37.976
Difference = 47.100
- 37.976
9.124
Question 8.
Namita travels 20km 50m every day. Out of this she travels 10 km 200
m by bus and the rest by auto. How much distance does she travel by
auto ?
Solution:
Distance travelled everyday
= 20km 50m = 20km + 50m
= 20km + km
= 20km + 0.050 km [ & = 0.001& ]
= ( 20 + 0.050) km = 20.050 km
Distance travelled by bus
= 10km 200m = 10km + 200m
= 10km + km
= 10km + 0.200km %∵ & = 0.001& '
= (10 + 0.200)& = 10.200km

∴ Distance travelled by auto
= 20.050 km – 10.200km = 9.850km
1 9 10
2 0 . 0 5 0 km
- 1 0 . 2 0 0 km
= 9 . 8 5 0 km
Question 9.
Ravi purchased 5kg 400g rice, 2kg 20g sugar and 10kg 850g flour
(aata). Find the total weight of his purchases.
Solution:
Weight of rice purchased
= 5kg 400g = 5kg + 400g
= 5 kg + &* %∵ 1* = &*'
= 5kg + 0.400kg
= ( 5 + 0.400)kg = 5.400kg
Weight of sugar purchased
= 2kg 20g = 2kg + 20g
= 2kg = kg %∵ 1* = &*'
= 2kg + 0.020 kg = 2.020 kg

Weight of flour purchased
= 10kg 850g = 10kg + 850g
= 10kg + kg %∵ 1* = &*'
= 10kg + 0.850 kg
∴ Total weight of his purchases is
1
5 . 4 0 0 kg
+ 2 . 0 2 0 kg
+ 1 0 . 8 5 0 kg
= 1 8 . 2 7 0 kg
Question 10.
1kg of pure milk contains 0.263 kg of fat. How much fat is there 15.5 kg
of milk ?
Solution:
1 kg of pure milk contains fat = 0.263kg
∴ 15.5 kg of milk contain fat
0.263
× 15.5
01315
01315×
0263××
4.0765 kg
Question 11.
The product of two numbers is 15.275. If one number is 4.7, find the
other.
Solution:
The product of two number = 15.275
One number = 4.7
.
∴ Then Other is = = 3.25
.
Chapter 8
Ratio and Proportion
Exercise 8.1
Question 1.
Express the following ratios in simplest form:
(i) 20 :40
(ii) 40:20
(iii) 81:108
(iv) 98 : 63
Solution:
(i) 20 : 40 = = = 1 :2
(ii) 40 : 20 = = = 2:1
(iii) 81 : 108 = = = = 3:4
(iv) 98 : 63 = = = 14:9
Question 2.
Fill in the missing numbers in the following equivalent ratios:
…..
(i) = =
…..
…. …..
(ii) = = =
….
Solution:
…..
(i) = =
…..
= = =
÷ ×
∵ = =
÷ ×
…. …..
(ii) = = =
….
= = = =
15 ÷ 3 5 5 × 2 10 5 × 5 25
∵ = , = =
18 ÷ 3 6 6 × 2 12 6 × 5 30
Question 3.
Find the ratio of each of the following in simplest form:
(i) 2.1m to 1.2m
(ii) 91 cm to 1.04 m
(iii) 3.5kg to 250gm
(iv) 60 paise to 4 rupees
(v) 1 minute to 15 seconds
(vi) 15mm to 2cm
Solution:
(i) 2.1 m : 1.2 m =
.
= × = = 7 :4
.
(ii) 91cm: 1.04cm or 1.04×100 or 104cm
91cm :104cm = =7:8
(iii) 3.5kg: 250gm or 3.5 × 1000!" ∶ 250!"
= = = 14: 1
(iv) 60 paise : 4 rupees

1 rupees = 100 paise
∴ 60 paise
= ₹
rupees : 4 rupees
%
&
' = × = = 3:20
(
(v) 1 minute : 15 seconds

60 seconds = 1 minute
1 minute : 15 seconds
= min
⟹ 1 min : min.
×
( = = = 4 :1
'
(vi) 15mm : 20cm

10 mm = 1cm
15mm. = cm
(&
(-
. = × = =3:4
(
Question 4.
The length and the breadth of a rectangular park are 125m and 60 m
respectively. What is the ratio of the length to the breadth of the park?
Solution:
Length of rectangular park = 125m
Breadth of rectangular park = 60m
∴ Ratio of the length to the breadth of park is
= = 25: 12
Question 5.
The population of village is 4800. If the numbers of females is 2160,
find the ratio of males to that of females.
Solution:
Population of village = 4800
No. of females = 2160
No. of males = 4800 – 2160 = 2640
No. of males : No. of femaless
2640 : 2160
= = = 11:9
Question 6.
In a class, there are 30 boys and 25 girls. Find the ratio of the numbers
of
(i) boys to that of girls.
(ii) girls to that of total number of students
(iii) boys to that of total numbers of students.
Solution:
Boys = 30, girls = 25
Total students = 30 + 25 = 55
(i) boys : girls ⇒ 30 : 25 ⇒ = =6:5
(ii) girls : Total No. of students
30 : 55 ⇒ = = 6 : 11
Question 7.
In a year, Reena earns ₹ 1,50,000 and saves ₹50,000. Find the ratio of
(i) money she earns to the money she saves.
(ii) money that she saves to the money she spends.
Solution:
(i) Ratio of money that Reena earns to the money she saves
, , , , ÷ ,
= =
, , ÷ ,
[ HCF = (1,50,000, 50, 000) = 50,000]
= = 3:1
(ii) Money that she spends

= ₹ 1,50,000 - ₹50,000 = ₹1,00,000
∴ Ratio of money she saves to the money she spends
, , ÷ ,
= =
, , , , ÷ ,
[HCF (50,000, 1,00,000) = 50,000]
= = 1:2
Question 8.
The monthly expenses of a student have increased from ₹350 to ₹500.
Find the ratio of
(i) increase in expenses and original expenses.
(ii) Original expenses to increased expenses.
(iii) increased expenses to increased in expenses.
Solution:
Original exp. = ₹350
Increased exp. = ₹500
Increased in exp. = 500 – 350 = ₹150
(i) increased in exp : Original exp.
150 : 350 ⟹ = = =3:7
(ii) Original exp. : Increased exp.
350 : 500 ⟹ = = = 7 : 10
(iii) Increased exp : Increase in exp.
500 : 150 ⟹ = = = 10:3
Question 9.
Mr Mahajan and his wife are both school teachers and earn ₹ 20900 and
₹ 18700 per month respectively. Find the ratio of
(i) Mr Mahajan’s income to his wife’s income
(ii) Mrs Mahajan’s income to the total income of both.
Solution:
(i) Ratio in Mr Mahajan’s income and his wife
= 20900 : 18700
= = = 19 : 17
(ii) Mrs Mahajan’s income to the total income of both.

Earning of Mrs Mahajan’s = ₹ 20900
and his wife = ₹ 18700
Total income = ₹ 39,600
Mrs Mahajan’s income to the total income of both.
= = 17 : 36
Question 10.
Out of 30 Students in a class, 6 like football, 12 like cricket and
remaining like tennis. Find the ratio of
(a) Number of students liking football to number of students liking
tennis.
(b) Number of students liking cricket to total number of students.
Solution:
(a) Number of students liking tennis

= 30 – ( 6 + 12) = 30 – 18 = 12
∴ Ratio of number of students liking football to number of students
liking tennis.
÷
= = [H.C.F. (6,12) =6]
÷
= = 1:2
(b) Number of students liking cricket to total number of students

÷
= = [H.C.F. (12,30) =6]
÷
= = 2:5
Question 11.
Divide ₹560 between Ramu and Munni in the ratio 3: 2.
Solution:
Total amount = ₹560
Ratio in Ramu and Munni = 3 :2
Sum of ratios = 3 + 2 = 5
×
Ramu shares = ₹ = ₹336
×
Munni Shares = ₹ = ₹224
Question 12.
Two people invested ₹15000 and ₹25000 respectively to start a business.
They decided to share the profits in the ratio of their investments. If their
profit is ₹12,000, how much does each get?
Solution:
Total investment = 15000 + 25000 = 40000
Investment of 1st person = =
Investment of 2nd person = 1 - =

Total profit = ₹12,000
Profit of 1st person = × ₹12,000 = ₹4500
Profit of 2nd person = ₹12,000 - ₹4500 = ₹7500

Question 13:
The ratio of Ankur’s money to Roma’s moey is 9:11. if Ankur has
₹540, how much money does Roma have ?
Solution:
Ratio of Ankur’s two Roma’s money = 9 :11
Ankur has money = ₹540
Let Roma’s have = x
9 :11 :: 540 : x
⇒ =
1
×
⇒ 2=
∴ Roma’s have = ₹660.
Question 14.
The ratio of weights of tin and zinc in on alloy is 2:5. How much zinc is
there in 31.5g of alloy?
Solution :
Ratio of weight = 2 : 5
Sum of ratio = 2 + 5 = 7
Total weight of alloy =31.5g
Part of zinc = 31.5 × = × =
= 22.5 gm
Exercise 8.2
Question 1.
Check whether the given two ratios form a proportion or not:
(i) 4 :6 and 12 : 18
(ii) 15 : 45 and 40 : 120
(iii) 14 : 4 and 18 : 6
(iv) 12 : 18 and 28 : 12
Solution:
4 : 6 and 12 : 18
and = and
= 2 : 3 and 2 : 3 Yes.
(ii) 15:45 and 40 :120
and
= and Yes.
(iii) 14 : 4 and 18 : 6
and = and
= 7 : 2 and 3 : 1 No.
(iv) 12:18 and 28:12
and
= and No.
Question 2.
Write true (T) or False (F) against each of the following statements:
(i) 16 : 24 = 20 : 30
(ii) 16 : 24 = 30 : 20
(iii) 21 : 6 :: 35 : 10
(iv) 5.2 : 3.9 :: 3 : 4
Solution:
(i) 16 : 24 = 20 : 30
2 : 3 = 2 : 3 True
(ii) 16 : 24 = 30 : 20
2 : 3 = 3 : 2 False
(iii) 21 : 6 :: 35 : 10
7 : 2 = 7 : 2 True
(iv) 5.2 : 3.9 :: 3 : 4
. . ×
= =
. . ×
÷
= =
÷
=4:3
∵ 4:3≠ 3:4
5.2 : 3 : 9 :: 3:4 False
Question 3.
Find which of the following are in proportion:
(i) 12, 16, 6, 8
(ii) 2, 3, 4, 5
(iii) 18, 10, 9, 5
(iv) 18, 9, 10, 5
Solution:
(i) 12, 16, 6, 8
12 : 16 :: 6 : 8
12 6
⇒ =
16 8
12 × 8 = 16 × 6 ⇒ 96 = 96
∴ 12 : 16 :: 6 : 8 are in proportion
(ii) 2, 3, 4, 5
2 : 3 :: 4 : 5
2 4
⇒ =
3 5
2 × 5 = 3 × 4 ⇒ 10 = 12 not in proportion
(iii) 18, 10, 9, 5

18 : 10 :: 9 : 5
18 9
⇒ =
10 5
∴ 18 × 5 = 10 × 9 ⇒ 90 = 90
(iv) 18, 9, 10, 5

18 : 9 :: 10 : 5
⇒ =
18 × 5 = 9 × 10
⇒ 90 = 90
Question 4.
Are the following statements true ?
(i) 39kg : 36 kg = 26 men : 24 men
(ii) 45 km : 60 km = 12 hours : 15 hours
(iii) 40 people : 200 people = ₹1000 : ₹5000
(iv) 7.5 litres : 15 litres = 15 children : 30 children
Solution:
(i) 39kg : 36 kg = 26 men : 24 men
we have; 39: 36 = =
And, 26:24 = =
∴ 39 : 36 = 26 : 24
So, the given statement is true.
(ii) 45km : 60 km = 12 hours : 15 hours
We have, 45 : 60 = =
And, 12 : 15 = =
∴ 45 : 60 ≠ 12 : 15
So, the given statement is false.
(iii) 40 people : 200 people = ₹1000 : ₹5000
We have, 40:200 = = =
And, 1000 : 5000 = =
∴ 40 : 200 = 1000 : 5000

(iv) 7.5 litres : 1.5 litres = 15 children : 30 children

. .
We have, 7.5 : 15 = =
.
= = =
×
And, 15: 30 = =
∴ 7. 5 : 1.5 = 15 : 30
Question 5.
Determine if the following ratios form a proportion. Also, write the
middle terms and extreme terms when the ratios form a proportion.
(i) 25 cm : 1m and ₹40 : ₹160
(ii) 39 litres : 65 litres and 6 bottles : 10 bottles
(iii) 2kg : 80 kg and 30 sec : 5 minutes
(iv) 200 g : 2.5 kg and ₹4 : ₹50
Solution:
(i) ∵ 1 m = 100 cm
∴ 25 cm : 1m = 25cm : 100 cm
÷
= = [H.C.F. of 25, 100 =25]
÷
= = 1 :4
÷
₹40 : ₹160 = =
÷
[H.C.F. of 40, 160 =40]
= = 1 :4
Since, the two ratio are equal, therefore, the given ration form a
proportion. Middle terms are 1m and ₹40. Extreme terms are 25 cm and
₹160 .
÷
(ii) 39 litre : 65 litre = =
÷
[H.C.F. of 39, 65 =13]
= =3:5
÷
6 bottle : 10 bottle = =
÷
[H.C.F. of 6, 10 =2]
= =3:5
Since the two ratios are equal, therefore, the given ratios form a
proportion. Middle terms are 65 litres and 6 bottle. Extreme terms are 39
litres and 10 bottle.
÷
(iii) 2kg : 80 kg = =
÷
[H.C.F. of 2, 80 = 2]
= = 1: 40
30 sec : 5 min. = 30 sec : 5 × 60 sec.
÷
= =
÷
[H.C.F. of 2, 80 = 2]
= = 1: 40
30 sec : 5 min. = 30 sec : 5× 60 sec.

÷
= =
÷
[H.C.F. of 30, 300 = 30]
= = 1 : 10
Since the two ratios are not equal, therefore, the given ratios do not form
a proportion.
(iv) 2.5 kg = 2.5 × 1000! = 2500 g

∴ 200 g : 2.5kg = 200 g : 2500 g
Since the two ratios are not equal, therefore, the given ratios do not form
a proportion.
(iv) 2.5 kg = 2.5 × 1000 g = 2500 g
∴ 200 g : 2.5 kg = 200 g : 2500 g
÷
= =
÷
[H.C.F. of 200, 2500 = 100]
= = 2 : 25
÷
₹ 4 : ₹50 = =
÷
[H.C.F. of 4, 50 = 2]
= = 2 : 25
Since, the two ratios are equal, therefore the given ratios form a
proportion. Middle term are 2.5 kg and ₹4. Extreme terms are 200g and
₹50.
Exercise 8.3
Question 1.
If the cost of 9m cloth is ₹378, find the cost of 4m cloth.
Solution:
∵ Cost of 9m of cloth = ₹378
∴ Cost of 1m of cloth = ₹ = ₹42
∴ Cost of 4m cloth = ₹42 × 4 = ₹168
Question 2
The weight of 36 books in 12kg. What is weight of 75 such books ?
Solution:
∵ Weight of 36 books = 12kg
∴ Weight of 1 book = kg = 13kg
∴ Weight of 75 books = 13 × 75 = 25kg
Question 3.
Five pens cost ₹115. How many pens can you buy in ₹207 ?
Solution:
₹115 is cost of 5 pens 5
₹1 is cost of = pens
∴ ₹207 is cost of
×
= = = 9 pens
Question 4.
A car consumes 8 litres of petrol in covering a distance of 100 km. How
many kilometres will it travel in 26 litres of petrol ?
Solution:
8 litre of petrol consumes for = 100km
Then 26 litre of petrol consumes for
×
= = 325km
Question 5.
A truck requires 108 litres of diesel for covering a distance of 594 km.
How much diesel will be required by the truck to cover a distance of
1650 km ?
Solution :
∵ Diesel required for covering a distance of 594 km = 108 litres
∴ Diesel required for covering a distance of 1 km = litre
∴ Diesel required for covering a distance of 1650 km
= × 1650 6789:;
= × 1650 = 2 × 150 = 300 litres
Hence, 300 litres of diesel will be required by the truck to cover a

distance of 1650km.
Question 6.
A transport company charges ₹ 5400 to carry 80 quintals of weight.
What will it charge to carry 126 quintals of weight ( same distance) ?
Solution:
Charges of 80 quintals of weight = ₹ 5400
∴ Charges of 1 quintal = ₹
and charges of 126 quinrtals

× ×
=₹ =
= 135 × 63 = ₹8505
Question 7.
42 metres of cloth is required to make 20 shirts of the same size. How
much cloth will be required to make 36 shirts of that size ?
Solution:
For 20 shirts cloth required = 42m
∴ Cloth required for making 1 shirt = "
∴ For 36 shirts cloth required will be

× ×
= = = = 75.6"
Question 8.
Cost of 5kg of rice is ₹107.50.
(i) What will be the cost of 8kg of rice?
(ii) What quantity of rice can be purchased in ₹64.5?
Solution:
(i) Cost of 5kg of rice = ₹107.50.
.
∴ Cost of 1kg of rice = = 21.5
₹
∴ Cost of 8 kg of rice = ₹21.5 × 8 = ₹172
(ii) ∵ In ₹107.50, the quantity of rice that can be purchased = 5kg
∴ In ₹1, the quantity of rice that can be phased = × 54.5L!

.
∴ In ₹64.5, the quantity of rice that can be purchased = × 54.5

.
= × 100 × = 3L!
Question 9.
Cost of 4 dozen bananas is ₹180. How many bananas can bbe purchased
for ₹37.50 ?
Solution:
1 dozen contains = 12 items
∴ 4 dozen contains = 12 × 4 items = 48 items
Cost of 4 dozen bananas = ₹180.
That means cost of 48 bananas = ₹180
∴ Number of bananas that can be purchased for ₹1 =
∴ Number of bananas that can be purchased for ₹37.50
= × 37.50 = × = 10
Question 10.
Aman purchases 12 pens for ₹156 and Payush buys 9 pens for ₹108.
Can you say who got the pens cheaper ?
Solution:
For Aman
∵ Cost of 12 pens = ₹156
∴ Cost of 1 pen = ₹ = ₹13
For payush
∵ Cost of 9 pens = ₹108
∴ Cost of 1 pen = ₹ = ₹12
So, Payush got the pens cheaper.
Question 11.
Rohit made 42 runs in 6 overs and Virat made 63 runs in 7 overs. Who
made more runs per over ?
Solution:
For Rohit
∵ Runs made in 6 overs = 42
∴ Runs made per over = =7
For Virat
∵ Runs made in 7 overs = 63
∴ Runs made per over = =9
So, Virat made more runs per over.
Question 12.
A bus travels 160km in 4 hours and a train travels 320 km in 5 hours at
uniform speeds, then find the ratio of the distance travelled by them in
one hour.
Solution:
A bus travel in 4 hours = 160km
∴ Distance covered by bus in 1 hour
= = 40L"
A train travel in 5 hours = 320km

∴ Distance covered by train in 1 hour
= L" = 64L"
Ratio in their speed = 40 : 64 = 5 : 8

Exercise 8.4
Question 1:
Find the value of:
(i) 18% of ₹450
(ii) 14% of 162/3 kg
(iii) 273/4% of ₹1200
(iv) 5/8% of 600m
(v) 61/6% of 1 hour 20 minutes
(vi) 0.6% of 5 km
Solution:
(i) 18% of ₹450
= ₹ × 450 = ₹ × 45
= ₹ O8 × 9P = ₹81
(ii) 14% of 16 kg
= kg × = = 2 kg
(iii) 27 % of ₹1200
=₹ × 1200 = = ₹333
×
(iv) % of 600 m
= m × 600 = = 3.75 m
×
(v) 6 % of 1 hour 20 minutes
1 hour 20 minutes = 80 minutes
= × 80 min. = 5 minutes
×
(vi) 0.6% of 5 km
5 km = 5000 metres
= × 5000 metres = 30 metres

×
Question 2.
In a class of 60 student, 45% are girls, Find the number of boys in the
class.
Solution:
Toal student = 60
% of girls = 45%
No. of boys = ?
No. of girls =
×
= 60 × = = 27 girls
No. of boys = Total students – No. of girls = 60 – 27 = 33 boys
Question 3.
Mr. Malkani saves 22% of his salary every month. If his salary is
₹12750 per month, what is his expenditure ?
Solution :
Total salary = ₹12750
Saving = 22%
∴ Total Savings = 22% of ₹12750
= ₹12750 × = ₹2805
∴ Total expenditure = ₹12750 - ₹2805 = ₹9945\

= ₹ 12750 × 22100 = ₹2805
∴ Total expenditure = ₹ 12750 – ₹2805 = ₹9945
Question 4.
On a rainy day, 94% of the students were present in a school, if the
number of students absent on that day was 174, find the total strength of
the school.
Solution:
Total % age of students = 100
Student present = 94%
Students absent = (100- 94) = 6%
Let, the total number of students in school = x
= 6% of 2 = 174 ⇒ × 2 = 174
= x = 174 × ⇒ 2 = 29 × 2900
∴ Total strength of the school = 2900

Exercise 8.5
Question 1.
The speed of a car is 105 km/h, find the distance covered by it in 3
hours.
Solution:
Speed of a car = 105 km/h
Distance covered by car in = 3 ℎRS9;
= Speed × time
= 105 ×3 L"
=T × U L"
= km= 378 km
Question 2.
If the speed of car is 50.4 km/h. find the distance covered in 3.5 hours.
Solurion:
Speed of a car = 50.4km/h
=∴ Distance covered in 3.6hours
= Speed × Time
= (50.4 × 3.6) km/h
= 181.44km
Question 3.
If a car covers a distance of 201.25 km in 3.5 hours, find the speed of the
car.
Solution:
Distance covered by the car = 201.25 km
and time consumed by car = 3.5 hours
VWXYZ[\]
∴ The speed of car =
YW^]
. _^
= = 57.5L"/ℎ
. `
Mental maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) In the ratio 3:5. the first term is ……… and second term is ……..
(ii) In a ratio, the first term is also called ……… and second term is also
called…………..
(iii) if two terms of a ratio have no common factor ( except 1), then the
ratio is sadi to be in………
(iv) To simplify a ratio, we divide the two terms by their……..
(v) The simplest form of the ratio 8 : 12 is……..
(vi) 90 cm : 1.5 m = ……….
(vii) Method of comparison of two quantities of the same kind ( in same
units) by division is known as……..
(viii) When two ratios are equal, they are said to be in…….
(ix) When four quantities are in proportion, then the product of
………… is equal to product of middle terms.
(x) 4.5 omo is equal to…………
Solution:
(i) In the ratio 3:5, the first term is 3 and second term is 5.
(ii) In a ratio, the first term is also called antecedent and second term is
also called consequent.
(iii) If two terms of a ratio have no common factor ( except 1), then the
ratio is said to be in simplest form.
(iv) To simplify a ratio, we divide the two terms by their H.C.F.
(v) The simplest form of the ratio 8 :12 is 2 : 3.
(vi) 90 cm : 1.5m = 3 :5.
(vii) Method of comparison of two quantities of the same kind ( in same
units) by division isknown as ratio.
(viii) when two ratios are equal, they are said to be in proportion.
(ix) When four quantites are in proportion, then the product of extreme
terms is equal to product of middle terms.
(x) 4.5 of ₹40 is equal to ₹1.80.
Question 2.
(i) Ratio exists only between two qunatities of the same kind.
(ii) Ratio has no units.
(iii) If a b, then ≠ the ratio a: bis diferent from the ratio b : a.
(iv) If we multiply or divide both terms of a ratio by the same non-zero
number, then the ratio remains the same.
(v) The ratio a :b is sadi to be in simplest form if HCF of a and b is 1.
(vi) In some situations, comparison of two quantities ( of same kind) by
difference does not make much sense.
Solution:
(i) Ratio exists only between two quantites of the same kind. True
(ii) Ratio has no units. True
(iii) If a≠b. then the ratio a:b is different from the ratio b:a. True
(iv) If we multiply or divide both terms of a ratio by the same non-zero
number, then the ratio remains the same. True
(v) The ratio a:bis said to be in simplest form if HCF of a and b is 1.
(vi) In some situations, comparison of two quantities ( of same kind) by
difference does not make much sense. True

Question 3.
A ratio equivalent to 5:7 is
(a) 10 : 21
(b) 15 : 14
(c) 20 : 28
(d) 25 : 49
Solution:
5:7
⇒ × = = 20: 28 ObP
Question 4.
The ratio 384 : 480 in the simplest form is
(a) 2 : 5
(b) 3 : 5
(c) 5 : 4
(d) 4 : 5
Solution:
384 : 480
Dividing by 96, we get
= ∶ ⇒ 4 ∶ 5O P
Question 5.
The ratio of 20 minutes to 1 hour is
(a) 20 :1
(b) 1 : 3
(c) 1 : 4
(d) 2 : 5
Solution:
20 min : 1 hour
20 min : 60 minutes
= 20 : 60
Divide both terms by
= ∶ =1∶3
⇒ 1 : 3 (b)
Question 6.
The ratio of 150g to 2kg is
(a) 75 : 1
(b) 40 : 3
(c) 3 : 40
(d) 3 : 200
Solution:
We have, 150g to 2kg
= 150g : 2 × 1000g
= 150g : 2000g
Divide both terms by 50
= ∶
= 3 : 40 (c)
Question 7.
In a class of 40 students, 25 students play cricket and the remaining play
tennsi. The ratio of number of students playing crickets to the number of
students playing tennis is
(a) 5 : 8
(b) 5 : 3
(c) 3 : 5
(d) 8 : 5
Solution:
Total number of students = 40
Student play cricket = 25
Student play tennis = 40 – 25 = 15
Number of students : Number of students
play cricket play tennis
= 25 : 15
Divide both terms by 5
= ∶
= 5 : 3 (b)
Question 8.
Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5. If the sum of numbers is 144, then
the smaller number is
(a) 54
(b) 72
(c) 90
(d) 48
Solution:
Let any number = x
Firsst number : Second number
3:5
Sum of the numbers = 144
⇒ 32 + 52 = 144
⇒ 82 = 144
144
⇒2= = 18
8
First number = 3 × 18 = 54
Second number = 5 × 18 = 90
∴ The smallest number = 54(a)
Question 9.
The ratio of number of girls to the number of boys in a class is 5: 4. If
there are 25 girls in the class, then the number of boys in the class is
(a) 15
(b) 20
(c) 30
(d) 40
Solution:
Let the number of boys in the class = x
Girls : Boys = 5 : 4
25 : x = 5 : 4
=
1
×
2= = 20
Hence number of boys = 20(b)
Question 10.
The ratio of the number of sides of a square and the number of edges of
a cube is
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 1 : 3
(c) 1 : 4
(d) 2 : 3
Solution:
Number of sides of square = 4
Edges of cube = 12
∴ Ratio = 4 : 12
⇒ 1 : 3 (b)
Question 11.
In shelf, the books with green cover and that with brown cover are in the
ratio 2:3. If there are 18 books with green cover, then the number of
books with brown cover is
(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 27
(d) 36
Solution:
Let the brown covered books = x
and green covered books = 18
Green covered books : Brown covered books
=2:3
⇒ 18 : x = 2 : 3
⇒ =
1
×
⇒2 = = 9 × 3 ⇒ 2 = 27ObP
Question 12.
In a box, the ratio of the number of red marbles to that of blue marbles is
4:&. Which of the following could be the total number of marbles in the
box?
(a) 14
(b) 21
(c) 22
(d) 28
Solution:
The ratio of red marbles to blue marbles = 4:7
⇒ So total marbles can be
42 + 72 = e
112 = e
e should be a multiple of 11
∴ Total number of marble in the box are 22(c)
Question 13.
If a,b,c and d are in proportion, then
(a) ab = cd
(b) ad = be
(c) ac = bd
(d) none of these
Solution:
a, b, c and d are in proportion, then
⇒ f=b
∴ = f:OfP
Question 14.
If the weight of 5 bags of rice is 272 kg, then the weight of 1 bag of rice
is
(a) 50.4 kg
(b) 54.4kg
(c) 54.004 kg
(d) 54.04kg
Solution:
Weight of 5 bags of rice = 272kg
Weight of 1 bag of rice = L!
= 54.4kg (b)
Question 15.
If 7 pencils cost ₹35, then the cost of one dozen pencils is
(a) ₹60
(b) ₹70
(c) ₹30
(d) ₹5
Solution:
7 pencils cost = ₹35
1 dozen = 12 pencils
Cost of 1 pencil = ₹
∴ Cost of 12 pencils ( 1 dozen) = × 12
= ₹60(a)
Question 16:
The ratio 2:3 expressed as percentage is
(a) 40%
(b) 60%
(c) 66 %
(d) 33 %
Solution:
Given, 2 : 3 =
= × 100 % = = 66 % (c)
Question 17.
0.025 when expressed as percentage is
(a) 250%
(b) 25%
(c) 4%
(d) 2.5%
Solution:
0.025 = × 100 = 2.5% O P

Question 18.
In a class, 45% of the students are girls, if there are 18 girls in the class,
then the total number of students in the class is
(a) 44
(b) 40
(c) 36
(d) 30
Solution:
% of girls in class = 45%
Total number of girls in class = 18
Let total students = x
As per question,
45% of x = 18
2 = 18
18 × 100
2=
45
∴ Total students = 40 students (b)
Question 1.
Students of a colong decided to go to an old age home in their vicinity to
wish Happy New year and get blessings from old people.
They carried the following items with them:
Bonquets 63, New Year Cards 70 and Chocolates bars 140. Answer the
following questions :
(i) What is the ratio of number of bouquets to the number of chocolate
bars ?
(ii) What is the ratio of number of cards to the number of sum of all
items ?
Solution:
(i) Number of bouquets = 63

Number of Chocolates = 140
∴ Ratio of bouquets to number of chocolate bars.

63 : 140 = 9 : 20
(ii) Total number of cards = 70

Sum of all items = 63 + 70 + 140 = 273
∴ Ratio = 70 : 273 = 10 : 39
Higher Order Thinking Skills ( HOTS)
Question 1.
Divide ₹6000 among Irfan. Nagma and Ishan in the raito 3 : 5 : 7.
Solution :
Ratio in Irfan, Nagma and Ishan = 3 : 5 : 7
Sum of ratios = 3 + 5 + 7 = 15
×
∴ Irfan’s share = ₹ = ₹1200
×
∴ Nagma’s share = ₹ = ₹2000
×
∴ Ishan’s share = ₹ = ₹2800
Question 2.
Sapna weights 54kg on earth and 9kg on moon. If a monkey weights 3.5
kg on moon, then how much will it weigh on the earth ?
Solution :
Sapna weight on earth : Sapna weight on moon =monkey weight on
earth : Monkey weight on moon
= 54 : 9 = 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 5
× .
=2= = 21kg
Question 3.
If 5 men can do a certain construction work in 14 days, then how long
will 7 men take to complete the same construction work ?
Solution:
5 men can do construction on work in = 14 days
1 man can do construction work in = 14 × 5 days
7 men can do construction work in
×
= = 10 days
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
From the given figure, find the ratio of
(i) Number of triangles to the number of circles inside the rectangle.

(ii) Numer of squares to the number of all the figures inside the
rectangle.
(iii) Number of circles to the number of remaining figures inside the
rectangle.
Solution:
Number of triangles = 3
Number of rectangles = 2
Number of circles = 2
(i) 3 : 2
(ii) 2 : 7
(iii) 2 : 5
Question 2.
The length of a pencil is 16 cm and its diameter is 6mm. What is the
ratio of the diameter of the pencil to that of its length?
Solution:
Length of a pencil = 16 cm = 16cm × 10 = 160""
Diameter of the pencil = 6mm
Ratio of the diameter of the pencil to that of its length = 6 : 160 = 3 : 180
Question 3.
A certain club has 100 members, out of which 25 play tennis, 28 play
badminton, 12 play chess and the rest do not play any game. Find the
ratio of number of members who play
(i) badminton to the number of those who play chess.
(ii) badminton to the number of those who do not play any game.
(iii) tennis to the number of those who do not play any game.
(iv) tennis to the number of those who play either badminton or chess.
Solution:
Total number of members = 100
Members who plays tennis = 25
Members who plays badminton = 28
Members who plays chess = 12
Members who play nothing = 100 – ( 25 + 28 + 12)
= 35
(i) 28 : 12 = 7 : 3
(ii) 28 : 35 = 4 : 5
(iii) 25 : 28 = 5 : 7
(iv) 25 : 40 = 5 : 8
Question 4.
Do the ratios 15 cm to 3m and 25 seconds to 3 minute from a proportion
?
Solution:
Given, first ratio = 15cm : 3m
= 15cm : 300 cm
= 1 : 20
and second ratio = 25 seconds : 3 minutes
= 25 seconds : 3 × 60 seconds
= 25 : 180 = 1 : 6
No, they do not form proportion.
Question 5.
Divide ₹500 among Suresh and Awanti in the ratio 3 :7.
Solution:
Ratio = 3 : 7
Sum of ratios = 3 + 7 = 10
Suresh shares = ₹500 × 310 = ₹150
Awanti shares = ₹500 × 710 = ₹350
Question 6.
The ratio of the number of girls to that of boys in a school is 9 :11. If the
number of boys in the school is 2035, find:
(i) the number of girls in the school,
(ii) the number of students in the school.
Solution:
Let the number of girls = 2
Girls : Boys = 9 : 11
No. of boys = 2035
2 ∶ 2035 = 9 ∶ 11
1
⇒ = ⇒ 11 × 2 = 9 × 2035
×
⇒ 2= = 9 × 185 ⇒ 2 = 1665
No. of girls = 1665.
(ii) Total students in school = No. of boys + No. of girls

2035 + 1665 = 3700
Question 7.
The ratio of income to expenditur of a family is 7 : 6. Find the savings if
the income of family is ₹42000.
Solution:
Ratio in income and expenditure = 7 : 6
Total income = ₹42000
Let expenditure = x, then
7 : 6 :: 42000 : x
×
⇒ 2= = ₹36000
Now,
Income = ₹42000
Expenditure = ₹36000
∴ Savings = Income – Expenditure
= ₹ ( 42000-36000) = ₹6000
Question 8.
An employee earns ₹72,000 in 3 months.
(i) How much does he earn in 7 months.
(ii) In how many months will he earn ₹3,60,000 ?
Solution:
(i) ∵ Earning in 3 months = ₹72,000
,
∴ Earning in 1 month = ₹ = 24000
Earning in 7 months = ₹24000 × 7
= ₹1,68,000
(ii) ₹24000 is earned in = 1 month
₹1 is earned is =
₹3,60,000 is earned in
= × 3,60,000 months
= months = 15 months
Question 9.
A train travels 110 km in 2 hours and a car travels 245 km in 312 hours.
What is the ratio of the speed of the train to that of the car?
Solution:
A train travels in 2 hours = 110km
It will cover in 1 hour = = 55L"
A car travel in hours = 245 km

×
∴ It will cover in 1 hour = = 70L"
Ratios in their speed = 55 : 70 = 11 : 14

Chapter 9
Algebra
Exercise 9.1
Question 1.
Find the rule which gives the number of matchsticks required to
make the following matchsticks patterns. Use a variable to write he
rule.
(i) A Pattern of letter T as
(ii) A Pattern of letter V as
(iii) A Pattern of letter Z as
(iv) A Pattern of letter U as
(v) A Pattern of letter F as
(vi) A Pattern of letter S as

Solution:
(i) Number of matchsticks required = 2n
(ii) Number of matchsticks required = 2n
(iii) Number of matchsticks required = 3n
(iv) Number of matchsticks required = 3n
(v) Number of matchsticks required = An
(vi) Number of matchsticks required = 5n
Question 2.
If there are 24 mangoes in a box, how will you write the number of
mangoes in terms of the number of boxes ? ( use b for the number of
boxes.)
Solution:
Total number of mangoes = 24b
Question 3.
Anuradha is drawing a dot Rangoli ( a beautiful pattern of lines joining
dots). She has 8 dots in a row. How many dots will her Rangoli have for
rows ? How many dots are there if there are 12 rows ?
Solution:
∵ Numbers of dots in 1 row = 8
∵ Number of dots in r rows = 8 × =8
Number of dots in 12 rows = 12 × 8 = 96
Question 4.
Anu and Meenu are sisters. Anu is 5 years younger than Meenu. Can
you write Anu’s age in terms of Meenu’s age ? Take Meenu’s age as x
years.
Solution:
Yes ! we can write Anu’s age in terms of Meenu’s age.
Age of Meenu = x
∵ Anu is 5 years younger than Meenu
∴ Age of Anu = ( x – 5) years
Question 5.
Oranges are to be transferred from larger boxes to smaller boxes. When a
larger box is empited, the oranges from it fill 3 samller boxes and still 7
oranges are lest. If the numbre of oranges in a small box are taken to be
x, then what is the number of oranges in the larger box ?
Solution:
Let the number of oranges in a smaller box be x.
∴ Number of oranges in three smaller boxes = 3x
Number of oranges remained outside = 7
∴ Number of oranges in the larger box = 3x + 7
Question 6.
Harsha’s score in Mathematics is 15 more than three-fourth of her score
in Science. If she scores x marks in Science, find her score in Mathematics
?
Solution:
Let the score of science be x
Harsha score’s in Mathematics = th
of + 15
∴ Score of Harsha’s in Mathematics = + 15

Question 7.
Look at the following matchstick pattern of equilateral triangles. The
triangles are not sepaeate. Two neighbouring triangles have a common
matchstick. Observe the pattern and find the rule that gives the number
of matchsticks.
Solution:
Figure Number of triangles Number of Pattern
matchsticks
(i) 1 3 2×1+1
(ii) 2 5 2×2+1
(iii) 3 7 2×3+1
Number of matchsticks required = 2 + 1, where x is the number of

triangles.
Question 8.
Look at the following matchsticks pattern of letter A. The A’s are not
separate. Two neighbouring A’s have two common matchsticks.
Observe the pattern and find the rule that gives the number of
matchsticks.
Solution:
Figure Number of letter Number of matchsticks Pattern
‘A’
(i) 1 6 4×1+2
(ii) 2 10 4×2+2
(iii) 3 14 4×3+2
Number of matchsticks required = 4 + 2,

where x is the number of letter ‘A’ formed.
Exercise 9.2
Question 1.
If the side of an equilateral triangle is 1, then express the perimeter of
the triangle in terms of 1.
Solution:
Perimeter (P) of the equilateral triangle with side l = Sum of the lengths
of sides of the equilateral triangle = l + l + l = 3l
Question 2.
The side of a regular hexagon is 1. Express its perimeter in terms of 1.
Solution:
Perimeter (P) of the regular hexagon with side 1 = Sum of the lengths of
all sides of the regular hexagon.
= l + l + l+ l + l+ l = 6l
Question 3.
The length of an edge of a cube is l. Find the formula for the sum of
lengths of all the edges of the cube.
Solution:
Total length (L) of the edges of a cube = Sum of the lengths of all (12)
edges of the cube.
= l + l + l + l + l + l + l + l + l + l + l + l = 12l
Question 4.
If the radius of a circle is r units, then express the legngth of a diameter
of the circle in terms of r.
Solution:
Draw a cicle :
Let AB is a diameter of the circle
C its centre
AB = AC + CB
⇒ d=r+r
⇒ d = 2r
Exercise 9.3
Question 1.
Form four expressions with numbers 7, 5 and 8 ( no variables) using
operations of addition, subtraction or multiplication with the condition
that every number should be used but not more than once.
Solution:
The possible expressions are:
5 × 7 + 8, 5 × 8 – 7
( 5 + 8 ) – 7, 8 × ( 5 + 7)
Question 2.
Which out of following are expressions with numbers only?
(i) 2 + 3
(ii) ( 7× 20) − 82
(iii) 5 × 21 − 7) + 9 × 2
(iv) 5 − 11
(v) 5 × 4) − 45 +
(vi) 3 × (11 + 7) – 24 + 3
Solution:
(iii) 5 × 21 − 7) + 9 × 2
(vi) 3 × (11 + 7) – 24 + 3 are expressions with numbers only.
Question 3.
Identify the Operations ( addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
in forming the following expressions and tell how the expressions have
been formed:
(i) x + 5
(ii) y – 7
(iii) 3z
(iv)
(v) 2 + 17
(vi) 3y – 5
(vii) −7 +
(viii) − 15
Solution:
(i) +5
Addition on → 5 added to x.
(ii) y – 7
Subtraction on → 7 subtracted from y.
(iii) 3z
Multiplication → z multiplied by 3.
(iv)
Division → p divided by 5.
(v) 2 + 17
Multiplication and addition → First x multiplies by 2 and then 17 added
to the product.
(vi) 3y – 5
Multiplication and Subtraction → First y multiplied by 3 and then 5
Subtracted from the product.
(vii) -7m + 23
Multiplication and addition → first m multiplied by -7 and then added

to the product.
(viii) − 15
Division and Subtraction → First x divided by 3 and then 15 subtracted

from the quotient.
Question 4.
Write expression for the following :
(i) 7 added to p
(ii) p subtracted from 7
(iii) p multiplies by 7
(iv) p divided by 7
(v) 7 divided by p
(vi) 7 subtracted from -m
(vii) p multiplied by -5
(viii) –p divided by 5
Solution:
(i) p + 7
(ii) 7 – p
(iii) 7p
(iv)
"
"
(v)
(vi) –m -7
(vii) -5p
#
(viii)
Question 5.
Write expression for the following:
(i) 11 added to 2m
(ii) 11 subtracted from 2m
(iii) 3 added to 5 times y
(iv) 3 subtracted from 5 times y
(v) y is multiplies by -8 and then 5 is added to the result
(vi) y is multiplies by 5 and then the result is subtracted from 16.
Solution :
(i) 2m + 11
(ii) 2m - 11
(iii) 5y +3
(iv) 5y - 3
(v) -8y + 5
(vi) 16 – 5y
Question 6:
Write the following in mathematical form using signs and symbols :
(i) 6 more than thrice a number x.
(ii) 7 taken away from y.
(iii) 3 less than quotient of x by y.
Solution;
(i) 3 + 6
(ii) − 3
%
(iii) y – 7
Question 7
Form six expressions using t and 4. Use not more than one number
operation and every expression must have t in it.
Solution:
& 4
& + 4, & − 4, 4 − &, 4&, ,
4 &
Question.8
Form expressions using y, 2 and 7. Use only two different number
Operations and every expression must have y in it.
Solution:
2 + 7, 2 − 1, 7 + 2, 7 − 2, + 7, − 7
2 2
Question 9.
A student scored x marks in English but the teacher deducted 5 marks
for bad handwriting. What was the student’s fina; score in English ?
Solution:
Marks in English = x
Deducted = 5
Final score = −5
Question 10.
Raju’s father’s age is 2 years more than 3 times Raju’s age. If
Raju’s present age is y years, then what is his father’s age?
Solution:
( 3y + 2) years
Question 11.
Mohini is x years old. Express the following in algebric form:
(i) three times Mohini’s age next year.
(ii) four time Mohini’s age 3 years ago.
(iii) the present age of Mohini’s uncle, if his uncle is 5 times as old as
Mohini will be two years from now.
(iv) the present age of Mohini’s cousin, if her cousin is two years less
than one-third of Mohini’s age five years ago.
Solution:
(i) 3 + 1) '( )
(ii) 4 − 3) '( )
(iii) 5 ( + 2) years
+
(iv) * − 5) − 2, years
Question 12.
A cubodial box has height h cm. Its length is 5 times the height and
breadth is 10 cm less than the length. Express the length and the breadth
of the box in terms of the height.
Solution:
Length of the box = 5h cm
Breadth of the box = ( 5h – 10) cm
Question 13.
A bus travels at v km per hour. It is going from Delhi to jaipur. After the
bus has travelled 5 hours, jaipur is still 20km away. What is the distance
from Delhi to Jaipur?
Solution:
Speed of the bus = v km/ hr
Distance travelled in 5 hours = 5v km
∴ Total distane = ( 5v + 20) km
Question 14.
Change the following statements using expressions into staements in
ordinary language :
(i) A notebook cost ₹p. A book cost ₹ 3p.
(ii) The cost of rice per kg is ₹p. The cost of oil per litre is ₹5p.
(iii) The speed of a truck is v km per hour. The speed of a bus is (v + 10)
km per hour.
(iv) Tony’s box contains 8 times the marbles he puts on the table.
(v) The total number of students in the school is 20 times that of our
class.
(vi) Raju is x years old. His uncle is 4x years old and his aunt is (4x-3)
years old.
(vii) In arrsngement of dots there are r rows. Each row contains 5 dots.
Solution:
(i) The cost of a book is 3 times the cost of a note boook.
(ii) The cost of oil per litre is 5 time the cost of rice per kg.
(iii) The speed of a bus is 10 km per hour more than the speed of a truck.
(iv) Tony puts q marbles on the table. He has 8q marbles in his box.
(v) Our class has n students. The school has 20n students.
(vi) Raju’s uncle is 4 times oldere than Raju and his aunt is 3 years.
(vii) The total number of dots is 5 times the number of rows.
Exercise 9.4
Question 1.
Find the value of the following:
(i) 4
(ii) −6)
(iii) - .
(iv) −2) × 5
Solution:
(i) 4 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
(ii) −6) = −6) × −6) × −6) × −6)
(iii) - . = × × ×
× × × +/
= =
× × × 0+
(iv) −2) × 5
= ( -2) × (-2) × (-2) × (5) × (5)
= (-8) × 25 = -200
Question 2.
Find the value of:
(i) 3x + 2y when = 3 and −2
(ii) 5 − 3 when = 2 and = −5
(iii) ( + 21 − 52 when ( = 2, 1 = −3 ( 3 2 = 1
(iv) 2 + 34 + 4 + 4 when p = -1, q = 2 and r =3
(v) 3(1 + 412 − 52( 5ℎ' ( = 4, 6 = 5( 3 2 = −2.
Solution:
(i) 3 + 2 , = 3, =2
( 3 × 3 ) + (2 × 2) = 9 + 4 = 13
(ii) 5 − 3 , = 2, = −5
( 5 × 2 ) – ( 3 × -5) = 10 + 15 = 25
(iii) ( + 21 − 52, ( = 2, 1 = −3, 2 = 1
2 + 2 × −3) − 5 × 1)
= 2 × −6 − 5 = −9
(iv) 2 + 34 + 4 + 4 , = −1, 4 = 2, =3
= 2 × −1) + 3 × 2) + 4 × 3) + −1) × 2 × 3
= -2 + 6 + 12 – 6 = 10
(v) 3(1 + 412 − 52(, ( = 4, 1 = 5, 2 = −2 3 × 4 × 5) + 4 × 5 × −2) − 5 ×

−2 × 4
= 60 – 40 + 40 = 60
Question 3.
Find the value of:
(i) 2 − 3 + 4 when =2
(ii) 4 −5 − 6 + 7 when =3
(iii) 3 +9 − + 8 when = −2
(iv) 2 −5 + 7 − 3 when = −3
Solution:
(i) 2 −3 +4, =2
= 2 × 2) − 3 +4
= 8 – 6 + 4 =6
(ii) 4 −5 −6 +7, =3
= 4 3) − 5 3) − 6 3) + 7
= 108 – 45 – 18 + 7 = 52
(iii) 3 +9 − + 8, x = -2
= 3 −2) + 9 −2) − −2) + 8
= -24 + 36 + 2 + 8 = 22
(iv) 2 −5 + 7x – 3, = −3
= 2 −3) − 5 −3) + 7 −3) − 3
= 162 + 135 – 21 – 3 = 273
Question 4.
If = 5, find the value of:
(i) 6 − 7
(ii) 3 + 8 − 10
(iii) 2 − 4 − 6 + 25
Solution :
(i) 6 - 7
= 6 − −7 5) = 6 − 7 25)
= 6 – 175 = -169
(ii) 3 5) + 8 5) − 10
= 3 (25) + 40 – 10
= 75 + 40 – 10
= 75 + 30
= 105
(iii) 2 5) − 4 5) − 6 5) + 25
= 2(125) – 4(25) – 30 + 25
= 250 – 100 – 30 + 25
= 145
Question 5.
If x =2, y = 3 and z = -1, find the values of:
(i) x + y
%
(ii)
8
9 %# 8
(iii)
#8
Solution:
(i) +
x = 2, y =3
2 ÷3=
% ×
(ii) = = −6
8 #+
9 %# 8
(iii)
#8
× 9 × # × #+)
=
× # #+)
9;9
=
/9+
+"
=
"
=2
"
Question 6.
If ( = 2, 1 = 3 and 2 = −2, find the value of ( + 1 + 2 − 2(1 −
212 − −22( + 3(12.
Solution:
( = 2, 1 = 3 and 2 = −2
= ( + 1 + 2 − 2(1 − 212 − 22( + 3(12
= 2) + 3) + −2) − 2 × 23 − 2 × 3 × −2 − 2 × −2 × 2 + 3 ×
2 × 3 × −2
= 4 + 9 + 4 – 12 + 12 + 8 – 36
= 25 – 36 = -11
Question 7.
If = 4, 4 = −3 ( 3 = 2 find the value of : < + 4 − −3 4 .
Solution:
P = 4, q = -3, r = 2
=< + 4 − −3 4
= 4) + −3) − 2) − 3 × 4 × −3 × 2
= 64 – 27 – 8 + 72
= 136 – 35 = 101
Question 8.
If = 1, =2( 3 = −3, find the value of 2 − 15 + .
Solution:
m = 1, n = 2, p = -3
=2 − 15 +
= 2 × 1 × 2) − 15 × 1) × 2) + −3)
= 32 – 30 – 3 = -1
Question 9.
State true or false :
(i) The value of 3 − 2 is 1 when x =0.
(ii) The value of 2 − − 3 is 0 when = −1.
(iii) + 4 − when p =5, q = 12 and r = 13.
(iv) 16 − 3 = 5 when = 2.
Solution:
(i) The value of 3 − 2 =) 1 when = 0. >(?)'
Correct :
∵ 3 × 0 − 2 = −2
(ii) The value of 2 − − 3 is 0 when = −1. True

2 −1) − −1) − 3
=2+1–3=0
(iii) + 4 = when p = 5, q = 12 and r = 13. True
5) + 12) = 13)
= 25 + 144 = 169
= 169 = 169
(iv) 16-3x = 5x when x = 2 . True

16 - 3 =5
16 – 6 = 10
⇒ 10 = 10
Question 10.
For = 2 and = −3, verify the following:
(i) + ) = +2 +
(ii) − ) = −2 +
(iii) − = + ) − )
(iv) + ) = − ) +4
(v) + ) = + +3 + 3
Solution:
= 2 and = −3
(i) + ) = +2 +
L.H.S. = + ) = 2 − 3) = −1) = 1
R.H.S. = +2 +
= 2) + 2 × 2 −3) + −3)
= 4 – 12 + 9 = 13 -12 = 1
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Exercise 9.5
Question 1.
State which of the following are equations with a variable. In case of an
equation with a variable, identity the variable.
(i) 17 + x =5
(ii) 2b – 3= 7
(iii) ( y-7) > 5
;
(iv) = 3
(v) 7 × 3 – 19 = 2
(vi) 5 × 4 − 8 = 31
(vii) 2p < 15
(viii) 7 = 11 × 5 − 12 × 4
(ix) q = 5
Solution:
(i) 17 + = 5 is an equation → L.H.S. = R.H.S. → Related variable x.
(ii) 21 − 3 = 7 =) ( '4@(&=A → L.H.S. = R.H.S. → Related variable
b.
(iii) ( y -7) > 5
is not an equation → L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.
It has no sign of equality (=).
;
(iv) = 3
Is an equation = L.H.S. = R.H.S.

It has no variable.
(v) 7 × 3 − 19 = 2
Is an numerical equation = L.H.S. = R.H.S. it has no variable.
(vi) 5 × 4 − 8 = 31
Is an equation = L.H.S. = R.H.S. It has no variable.
(vii) 2p < 15
Is not an equation = L.H.S. ≠R.H.S.
It has no sign of equality.
(viii) 7 = 11 × 5 − 12 × 4
Is an numerical equation = L.H.S. = R.H.S. It has no variable.
(ix) q = 5
Is an equation → L.H.S. = R.H.S.→ Related variable q.

Question 2.
Solve each of the following equation:
(i) x = 6 = 8
(ii) 2 − =5
(iii) 4 = −6
(iv) = 5
(v) 2 − 3 = 2
(vi) 4 − 5 = 2
Solution:
(i) x = 6 = 8
= =8− 6⇒ =2
(ii) 2 − =5
=− =5−2⇒ − =3⇒ = −3
(iii) 4 = −6
#/ #
= = =
(iv) = 5
= =5×2
= 10
(v) 2 − 3 = 2
= 2y = 2 + 3
⇒2 =5
5
⇒ =
2
(vi) 4 − 5 = 2
= 4 – 2 = 5y ⇒ 5 = 2
2
⇒ =
5
Question 3.
Solve the following linear equations:
(i) 5 + 1) = 25
(ii) 2 3 − 1) = 25
(iii) 3 − 14 = 11
Solution:
(i) Given:
5 + 1) = 25
9+)
⇒ = ( dividing both sides by 5)
⇒ +1= 5
⇒ + 1 − 1 = 5 − 1 ( Subtracting 1 from both sides)
⇒ =4
(ii) 2 3 − 1) = 10
#+) +C
=- .= (dividing both sides by 2)
⇒ 3 −1=5
⇒ 3 − 1 + 1 = 5 + 1 (33= D 1 &A 1A&ℎ )=3'))
⇒ 3 =6
/
/
⇒ =2
#+
(iii) Given = 11
#+
⇒ 4× = 4 × 11 ( multiplying both sides by 4)
⇒ 3 − 1 = 44
⇒ 3 − 1 + 1 = 44 + 1 ( adding 1 to both sides)
⇒ 3 = 45
⇒ = 15
Question 4.
Solve the following linear equations:
(i) 5 − 6 = 12 −
E
(ii) + 1 = 4 – n
(iii) 5 − 6 = 12 −
(iv) 2 + = −
(v) − 5 = − 4
%
(vi) 18 - = 11 + y
Solution:
(i) 5 − 6 = 12 −
⇒5 + = 12 + 6
18
6 = 18 ⇒ = =3
6
Verification
5 − 6 = 12 −
⇒ 5 3) − 6 = 12 − 3
⇒ 15 – 6 = 9
⇒ 9= 9
E
(ii) + 1 = 4 – n
E9 #E
=
+
⇒3 4− )=1 + 3)
⇒ 12 − 3 = +3
⇒ −3 − = 3 − 12
⇒ -4n = -9
#; ;
⇒ = =
#
Verification
12 12
5 + 7 = 19 − 2 ⇒ 5F G + 7 = 19 − 2 F G
7 7
/C /C9 ; + #
⇒ + 7 = 19 - ⇒ =
" " " "
+C; +C;
⇒ =
" "
(iv) 2 + = −
9 #
=
⇒ 3 4 + 5) = 2 2 − 3 )
⇒ 12x + 15 = 4 – 6x
⇒ 12x + 6x = 4 – 15
⇒ 18x = -11
#++
⇒x=
+0
Verification :
⇒2 + = −
#++ #++
⇒ 2- .+ = −
+0 +0
# ++
⇒ + = +
+0 +0
# 9 + 9++
⇒ =
+0 +0
⇒ =
+0 +0
(v) −5= −4
#+C #+
⇒ =
⇒3 − 10) = 2 − 12)
⇒ 3 − 30 = 2 − 24
⇒ 3 − 2 = −24 + 30
⇒x=6
verification
⇒ −5 = −4
/ /
⇒ −5 = −4
⇒ 3−5=2−4
⇒ −2 = −2
%
(vi) 18 - = 11 + y
" # %
⇒ = 11 + y
⇒ 72 – 3y = 44 + 4y ( cross multiplication)
⇒ - 3y – 4y = 44 – 72
⇒ -7y = - 28
# 0
⇒y= =4
#"
Verification
%
18 - = 11 + y
×
⇒ 18 - = 11 + 4
⇒ 18 – 3 = 15
⇒ 15 = 15
Question : 5
Solve the following equations and verify your answers :
(i) 3 + 7) = 18
(ii) 2 − 1) = +2
+ +
(iii) 3 − = 2- − . + 5
(iv) 4 2 − 1) − 2 − 5) = 5 + 1) + 3
Solution:
(i) 3 + 7) = 18
⇒ 3 + 21 = 18
⇒ 3 = 18 − 21
⇒ 3 = −3
#
⇒ =
⇒ = −1
Verification
⇒3 + 7) = 18
⇒ 3 −1 + 7) = 18
⇒ 3(6) = 18
⇒ 18 = 18
(ii) 2 − 1) = +2
⇒2 −2= +2
⇒2 − =2+2
⇒ x =4
Verification
⇒2 − 1) = +2
⇒ 2 4 − 1) = 4 + 2
⇒ 2 3) = 6
⇒6=6
+ +
(iii) 3 − = 2- − . + 5
; #+ #+
= 2- .+5
; #+ #
⇒ = +5
; #+ # 9+C
⇒ =
⇒ 2 ( 9 − 1) = 3 4 + 8)
⇒ 18 − 2 = 12 + 24
⇒ 18 − 12 = 24 + 2
⇒ 6x = 26
/ + +
⇒x= = =4
/
Verification
+ +
⇒ 3 − = 2- − .+ 5
+ + + +
⇒ 3- .− = 2- − .+5
;#+
⇒ = 2- . + 5
/
0
⇒ = +5
0 9+
⇒ =
0 0
⇒ =
(iv) 4 2 − 1) − 2 − 5) = 5 + 1) + 3
⇒ 8 − 4 − 2 + 10 = 5 + 5 + 3
⇒ 8 − 2 − 4 + 10 = 5 + 5 + 3
⇒ 6x + 6 = 5x + 8
⇒ 6x – 5x = 8 – 6
⇒x=2
Verification :
4 2 − 1) − 2 − 5) = 5 + 1) + 3
⇒ 4 (2 × 2-1) – 2(2-5)=5(2+1)+3
⇒ 4 ( 4 – 1) – 2 (-3) = 5 ( 3) + 3
⇒ 4 ( 3) - 2 (-3) = 15 + 3
⇒ 12 + 6 = 18
⇒ 18 = 18
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) In algebra, we use ………to present variables ( generalized numbers).

(ii) A symbol or letter which can be given various numerical values is
called a………….
(iii) If jaggu’ss present age is x years, then his age 7 years from now is
……….
(iv) If one pen costs ₹X x, then the cost of 9 pens is……….
(v) An equation is a statements that the two expressions are…………..
(vi) Trial an error is one of methods to obtain ………….of an equation.
(vii) 7 less than thrice a number y is………..
(viii) If 3x +4 = 19, then the value of x is………
(ix) The number of pencils bought for
(viii) If 3x + 4 = 19, then the value of x is ……………
(ix) The number of pencils bought for ₹x at the rate of ₹2 per pencil
is……….
(x) In the expression −7) , base = ……… and exponent = ………..
(xi) If base = 6 and exponent – 5, then the exponetial from = ………….
Solution:
(i) In algebra, we use letters to present variables ( generalized numbers).

(ii) A symbol or letter which can be given various numerical values is
called a variable.
(iii) If jaggu’ss present age is x years, then his age 7 years from now is
(x+7) years
(iv) If one pen costs ₹X x, then the cost of 9 pens is ₹9x.
(v) An equation is a statements that the two expressions are equal.
(vi) Trial an error is one of methods to obtain The solution of an
equation.
(vii) 7 less than thrice a number y is HI − J.
(viii) If 3x +4 = 19, then the value of x is 5.
(ix) The number of pencils bought for ₹x at the rate of ₹2 per pencil
is .
(x) In the expression −7) , base = -7 and exponent = 5.

(xi) If base = 6 and exponent – 5, then the exponetial from = 6 .
Question 2.
(i) If x is variable then 5x is also variable.
(ii) If y is variable then y – 5 is also variable.
(iii) The number of angles in a triangle is a variable.
(iv) The value of an algebraic expression changes with the change in the
value of the variable.
(v) If the length of a rectangle is twice its breadth, then its area is a
constant.
(vi) An equation is satisfied only for a definite value of the variable.
(vii) if x toffees are distributed equally among 5 children, then each

child gets 5x toffees.
(viii) t minutes are equal to 60 t seconds.
(ix) If x is a negative integer, then –x is a positive integer.
(x) = 5 is a solution of the equation 3 + 2 = 13
(xi) 2 − 7 > 13 is an equation.
(xii) ‘One third of a number x added to itself gives 8’ can be expressed

as + 8 = .
(xiii) The difference between the ages of two sisters Lata and Asha is a
variable.
Solution:
(i) If x is variable then 5x is also variable. True
(ii) If y is variable then y – 5 is also variable. True
(iii) The number of angles in a triangle is a variable. False
(iv) The value of an algebraic expression changes with the change in the
value of the variable. True
(v) If the length of a rectangle is twice its breadth, then its area is a
constant. False
(vi) An equation is satisfied only for a definite value of the variable.

True
(vii) if x toffees are distributed equally among 5 children, then each

child gets 5x toffees. False
(viii) t minutes are equal to 60 t seconds. True
(ix) If x is a negative integer, then –x is a positive integer. True
(x) = 5 is a solution of the equation 3 + 2 = 13. False
(xi) 2 − 7 > 13 is an equation. False
(xii) ‘One third of a number x added to itself gives 8’ can be expressed

as + 8 = . False
(xiii) The difference between the ages of two sisters Lata and Asha is a
variable. False
Question 3.
I think of a number x, add 5 to it. The result is then multiplies by 2 and
the final result is 24. The correct algebraic statement is
(a) + 5 × 2 = 24
(b) + 5) × 2 = 24
(c) 2 × + 5 = 24
(d) + 5 = 2 × 24
Solution:
Let number = x
Add 5 to the number
⇒ i.e. + 5
Now multiply result with 2
i.e. + 5) × 2 = 24 (b)
Now final result is 24
i.e. + 5) × 2 = 24 (b)
Question 4.
Which of the following is an equation ?
(a) +5
(b) 7
(c) 2 + 3 = 11
(d) 2 < 1
Solution:
(c) 2 + 3 = 11
Question 5.
If each matchbox contains 48 matchsticks, then the number of
matchsticks required to fill n such boxes is
(i) 48 +
(ii) 48 −
(iii) 48 ÷
(iv) 48n
Solution:
Matchstick required to fill 1 matchbox
= 48 × 1 = 48
= 48 × 2 = 96
= 48 × 3 =144
∴ Matchsticks required to fill n matchbox
= 48 n (d)
Question 6.
If the perimeter of a regular hexagon is x metres, then the length of each
of its sides is
(a) + 6) '& ')
(b) − 6) '& ')
(c) ÷ 6) '& ')
(d) 6 ÷ ) metres
Solution:
Perimeter of hexagon = metres
6 )=3') = '& ')
)=3' = ÷ 6) metres
∴ Side = ÷ 6) metres (c)
Question 7.
= 3 is the solution of the equation
(a) +7=4
(b) + 10 = 7
(c) + 7 = 10
(d) +3=7
Solution:
When put the value of =3
3 + 7 = 10 2)
Question 8.
The solution of the equation 3 − 2 = 10 =)
(a) =1
(b) =2
(c) =3
(d) =4
Solution:
3 − 2 = 10
3 = 10 + 2
12
= = = 4 3)
3
Question 9.
The Operation not involved in forming the expression 5 + from the

variable x and number 5 is
(a) addition
(b) Subtraction
(c) multiplication
(d) divison
Solution:
(b) Subtraction
Question 10.
The quotient of by 3 added to 7 is written as
(a) + 7
(b) + 7
9
(c)
"
(d)
9"
Solution:
(a) + 7
Question 11.
If there are chairs in a row, then the number of persons that can be
seated in 8 rows are
(a) 64
(b) +8
(c) 8x
(d) none of these
Solution:
Let the no. of chairs in a row = x
⇒ Number of persons that can be seated in a row = x
Hence, number of persons that can be seoted in 8 row = 8 2)
Question 12.
If Arshad earns ₹x per day and spends ₹y per day, then his saving for
the month of March is
(a) ₹ 31 − )
(b) ₹31 − )
(c) ₹31 + )
(d) ₹31 − )
Solution:
Earning of Arshad for 1 day = ₹x
Spending of Arshad for 1 day = ₹y
Saving for 1 day = ₹ − )
Saving for 1 day = ₹31 − ) (b)
Question 13.
If the length of a rectangle is 3 times its breadth and the breadth is x
units, then its perimeter is
(a) 4 units
(b) 6 @ =&)
(c) 8 units
(d) 10 units
Solution:
Breadth of rectangle = units
Length of rectangle = 3 (Breadth) = 3x
Perimeter of rectanle = 2 ? + 1)
=2 3 + )
= 2 4 ) = 8 @ =&) 2)
Question 14.
Rashmi has a sum of ₹x. She spend ₹800 on grocery, ₹600 on cloths
and ₹500 on education and received as ₹200 as a gift. How much
money (in ₹) is left with her ?
(a) − 1700
(b) − 1900
(c) + 200
(d) − 2100
Solution:
Total money = ₹x
Money spent = ₹800
Money spent = ₹600
Money spent = ₹500 on Education
Money left with Rashmi
= − ₹800 + ₹600 + ₹500
= − 1900
She received a gift of = ₹200
∴ Money lefy = − 1900 + 200
= − 1700 ()
Question 15.
For any two integers a and b, which of the following suggests that the
operation of addition is commutative ?
(a) ( × 1 = 1 × (
1)( + 1 = 1 + (
2 )( − 1 = 1 − (
3 )( + 1 > (
Solution:
1)( + 1 = 1 + (
Question 16.
In 34) , the base is
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 34
Solution:
(d) 34
Question 17.
( × ( × 1 × 1 × 1 can be written as
(a) ( 1
(b) ( 1
(c) ( 1
(d) ( 1
Solution:
(×(×1×1×1
=( × 1 =( 1 ()
Question 18.
−5) × −1) is equal to
(a) 25
(b) -25
(c) 10
(d) -10
Solution:
−5) × −1)
⇒ −5) × −5) × −1) × −1) × −1)
⇒ 25 × −1) = −25 1)
Question 19.
−2) × −3) is equal to

(a) 6
(b) −6)
(c) 72
(d) -72
Solution:
−2) × −3)
⇒ (-2) × −2) × −2) × −3) × −3)
⇒ -8 × 9 = −72 3)
Check your Progress
Question 1.
Look at the following matchstick pattern of polygons. Complete the
table. Also write the general rule that gives the number of matchsticks.
Solution:
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 ….. n
polygon
Number of ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
matchsticks
Solution:
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 ….. n
polygon
Number of 5 9 13 17 21 ….. 4 +
matchsticks
Question 2.
Write an algebraic expression for each of the following:
(i) If 1 metre cloth costs ₹x, then what is cost of 6 metre cloth ?
(ii) If the cost of a notebook is ₹x and the cost of a book is ₹y, then what
is the cost of 5 notebooks and 2 books ?
(iii) The score of Ragni in Mathematics is 23 more than two-third of her
score in English. If she scores x marks in English, what is her score in
Mathematics ?
(iv) If the length of a side of a regular pentagon is x cm, then what is the
perimeter of the pentagon ?
Solution:
(i) Cost of 1 meter cloth = ₹x
Cost of 6 metre cloth = ₹x × 6 = ₹6x
(ii) Cost of 1 notebook = ₹x

Cost of 1 book = ₹y
Cost of 5 notebooks = 5 × ₹x) = ₹5x
Cost of 2 books = ₹y) × 2 = ₹y
Total cost of 5 notebooks and 2 books = ₹ 5x + 2y)
(iii) Score of Ragni in English = x marks

Score of Ragni in Mathematics = 23 more than two-third of her score in
English
i.e. = 23 + )
= 23 + )
(iv) Side of regular pentagon = x cm

Perimeter of pentagon = 5 × X=3' = 5 2
Question 3.
When = 4 and = 2, find the value of :
(i) +
(ii) −
(iii) +2
(iv) −2 +
Solution:
(i) +
Put = 4 and =2
We get,
⇒ 4+2=6
(ii) −
Put = 4, =2
We get,
⇒ 4–2=2
(iii) +2
Put = 4 We get,
⇒ 4) + 2
= 16 + 2 = 18
(iv) −2 +
Put = 4 and =2
We get,
⇒ 4) − 2 × 4 × 2 + 2)
⇒ 16 − 16 + 4 = 4
Question 4.
When a = 3 and b = -1, find the value of 2( − 1 + 3( 1 .
Solution:
2( − 1 + 3( 1 .
Put the value of ( = 3, 1 = −1
= 2 3) − −1) + 3 3) −1) .
= 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × −1) × −1) × −1) + 3 × 3 × 3 × −1) ×
−1) × −1)
= 54 - 1 – 27 = 26
Question 5.
When ( = 3, 1 = 0, 2 = −2, find the values of:

(i) (1 + 212 + 32( + 4(12
(ii) ( + 1 + 2 − 3(12
Solution:
(i) (1 + 212 + 32( + 4(12

Put the values of ( = 3, 1 = 0, 2 = −2
3 × 0 + 2 × 0 × −2 + 3 × −2 × 3 + 4 × 3 × 0 × −2
= 0 + 0 − 18 + 0 = −18
(ii) ( + 1 + 2 − 3(12
Put the values of ( = 3, 1 = 0, 2
= −2 3) + 0) + −2) − 3 × 3 × 0 × −2
= 27 + 0 – 8 – 0 = 19
= 27 + 0 – 8 – 0 = 19
Question 6.
Solve the following linear equations :
+ +
(i) 2 − 1 = 4
(ii) 3 − 1) = 2 + 1)
(iii) − 3 = 5 + 21
+
(iv) 7 − 1) = 14
Solution:
+ +
(i) 2 − 1 = 4
;
2 − =
;
⇒ 2 = +
;9
⇒ 2 =
+
⇒2 =
⇒2 =6
/
⇒ =
⇒ =3
Verification
;
⇒2 − =
;
⇒ 2 = +
;9
⇒2 =
+
⇒2 =
⇒2×3=6
⇒ 6=6
(ii) 3 − 1) = 2 + 1)
3 −3=2 +2
3 −2 =2+3 ⇒ =5
Verification
⇒ 3 5 − 1) = 2 5 + 1)
⇒ 3 4) = 2 6)
⇒ 12 = 12
iii) − 3 = 5 + 21
− 5 = 21 + 3
⇒ −4 = 24
⇒ = 24 − 4 = −6
Verification
⇒ − 3 = 5 + 21
⇒ -6 -3 = 5 -6) + 21
⇒ -9 = -30 + 21
⇒ -9 = -9
+ +
(iv) 7 − 1) =
" #+ +
⇒ =
By cross multiplication,
4 7 − 1) = 3 × 1 ⇒ 28 − 4 = 3
⇒ 28 = 3 + 4
⇒ 28 = 7
" +
⇒ = =
0
+
Hence =
Check :
+
L.H.S. = 7 − 1)
+ + + "
= -7 × − 1. = - − 1.
+ "# + +
= - .= × =
= R.H.S.
Chapter 10
Basic Geometrical Concept
Exercise 10.1
Question 1. How many lines can be drawn through a given point ?

Solution:
Unlimited number of lines.
Question 2.
How many lines can be drawn through two distinct given points ?
Solution:
One
Question 3.
How many lines can be drawn through three collinear points ?
Solution:
One
Question 4.
Mark three non-collinear points A, B and C in your notebook. Draw
lines through these points taking two at a time and name these lines.
How many such different lines can be drawn ?
lines AB, BC and CA; three.
Question 5.
Use the figure to name :
(i) Five point
(ii) Aline
(iii) Four rays
(iv) Five line segments
Solution:
(i) O, B, C, D, E
(ii) ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , etc.
(iii) ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗, etc.
(iv) ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗, etc.
Question 6.
Use the figure to name :
(i) Line containing point E.

(ii) Line passing through A.
(iii) Line on which point O lies.
(iv) Two pairs of intersecting lines.
Solution:
(i) ⃖ ⃗ , etc.
(ii) ⃖ ⃗ , etc.
(iii) ⃖ ⃗ or ⃖ ⃗
(iv) ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗ ; ⃖ ⃗ , ⃖ ⃗
Question 7.
From the given figure, write
(i) collinear points

(ii) Concurrent lines and their points of concurrence.
Solution:
(i) A, D, C; B, D, E
(ii) 1, n, p; point B and m, p, q; point A.
Question 8.
In the given figure, write
(i) all pairs of parallel lines.
(ii) all pairs of intersecting lines,
(iii) Concurrent lines
(iv) Collinear points.
Solution:
(i) 1, m; 1, n; m, n
(ii) 1, p; m, p; n, p; 1, q; m, q;n, q; 1, r;m, r;n, r;p, q;p, r;q,r
(iii) n, r, quad
(iv) A, B, C; A, H, I, D; D, E, F, G; C, I, E; B, H, F
Question 9.
Count the number of line segments drawn in each of the following
figures and name them :
Solution:
(i) , , , , ⃗ and ⃗ ; six.
(ii) , , , , , , , , and ; Ten.
(iii) , , , , , , or Eight.
Question 10.
(i) Name all the rays shown in the following whose initial points are A,
B and C respectively.
(i) Is ray AB different from ray AD?

(ii) Is ray CA different from ray CE ?
(iii) Is ray BA different from ray CA ?
(iv) Is ray ED different from ray DE ?
Solution:
(i) Rays ⃗, ⃗, ⃗, ⃗; ⃗, ⃗
⃗, ⃗; ⃗, ⃗, ⃗, ⃗
(i) No
(ii) No
(iii) Yes.
(iv) Yes
Question 11.
Consider the following figure of line ⃖ ⃗. Says whether following
statements are true or false in context of the given figure.
(i) Q, M, O, N and P are points on the line ⃖ ⃗

(ii) M, O and N are points on a line segment.
(iii) M and N are end points of line segment.
(iv) O and N are end points of line segment.
(v) M is a point on the ray
(vi) M is one of the end points of the line segment
(vii) Ray ⃗ is same as ray ⃗
(viii)Ray ⃗ is not opposite to ray ⃗
(ix) Ray ⃗ is different from ray ⃗
(x) O is not an initial point of ray ⃗.
(xi) N is the initial point of ⃗ and ⃗.

Solution:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) False
(viii) False
(ix) True
(x) False
(xi) True
Exercise 10.2
Question 1.
How many angles are shown in the following figure? Name them.
Solution:
∠ , ∠ , ∠ , ∠D. Four angles.
Question 2.
In the given figure, name the point(s)
(i) In the interior of ∠DOE
(ii) In the exterior of ∠EOF
(iii) On ∠EOF
Solution:
(i) A
(ii) C, A, D
(iii) E, B, O, F
Question 3.
Drawn rough diagrams of two angles such that they have
(i) One point in common.
(ii) Two points in common.
(iii) One ray in common.
Solution:
(i)
∠AOB and ∠ have one point O in common.
(ii) ∠AOB and ∠OBC have two points O and B in common.

(iii)
∠ AOB and ∠BOC have one ray ⃗ in common.

Exercise 10.3
Question 1.
Draw rough diagrams to illustrate the following :
(i) Open simple curve
(ii) Closed simple curve
(iii) Open curve that is not simple.
(iv) Closed curve that is not simple.
Solution:
(ii) Open simple curve
(ii) Closed simple curve
(iii) Open curve that is not simple.
(iv) closed curve that is not simple

Question 2.
Consider the given figure and answer the following questions :
(i) Is it a curve ?
(ii) Is it a closed curve ?
(iii) Is it a polygon ?
Solution:
(i) Yes, it is a curve.
(ii) Yes, it is a closed curve.
(iii) Yes, it is a polygon.
Question 3.
Draw a rough sketch of a triangle ABC. Mark a point P in its interior
and a point Q in its exterior. Is the point A in its exterior or in its interior
?
Solution:
The point A is neither in the exterior nor in the interior of triangle ABC.
It is on the triangle ABC.
Question 4:
Draw a rough sketch of a quadrilateral PQRS. Draw its diagonals.
Name them.
Solution:
The meeting point O of the diagonals PR and QS of the quadrilateral
PQRS is in the interior of the quadrilatreal PQRS.
Question 5.
In context of the given figure :
(i) Is it a simple closed curve ?
(ii) Is it a quadrilateral ?
(iii) Draw its diagonals and name them.
(iv) State which diagonal lies in the interior and which diagonal lies in
the exterior of the quadrilateral.
Solution:
(i) Yes.
(ii) Yes.
(iii) Its diagonals are AC _______and BD______.
(iv) Diagonal AC _______ is in the interior and diagonal BD ____ is in
the exterior of quadrilateral ABCD.
Question 6.
Draw a rough sketch of a quadrilateral KLMN. State,
(i) two pairs of opposite sides
(ii) two pairs of opposite angles
(iii) two pairs of adjacent sides
(iv) two pairs of adjacent angles.
Solution:
(i) , and ,
(ii) ∠ , ∠ and ∠ , ∠
(iii) , and , or , and ,
(iv) ∠ , ∠ and ∠ , ∠ or ∠ , ∠ and ∠ , ∠ etc.
Exercise 10.4
Question 1.
In the given figure, identify:
(i) the centre of the circle
(ii) three radii
(iii) a diameter
(iv) a chord
(v) two points in the interior
(vi) a point in the exterior
(vii) a sector
(viii) a segment
Solution:
(i) O is the centre of the circle.
(ii) , , are three radii of the circle.
(iii) ________ is a diameter of the circle.
(iv) ______ is a chord of the circle.
(v) O and P are two points in the interior.
(vi) Q is a point in the exterior.
(vii) OAB (shaded portion) is a sector of the circle.
(viii) Shaded portion of the circular region enclosed by line segment ED
and the corresponding arc.
Question 2.
State whether the following statement are true (T) or False (F):
(i) Every diameter of a circle is also a chord.
(ii) Every chord of a circle is also a diameter.
(iii) Two diameters of a circle will necessarily intersect.
(iv) The centre of the circle is always in its interior.
Solution:
(i) True.
(ii) False.
(iii) True
(iv) True.
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) There is exactly one line passing through …… distinct points in a
plane.
(ii) Two different lines in a plane either……… at exactly one point or

are parallel.
(iii) The Curves which have different beginning and end points are
called ……… curves.
(iv) A curve which does not cross itself at any point is called a
…………… curve.
(v) A curve which does not cross itself at any point is called a……..
curve.
(v) A simple closed curve made up entirely of line segments is called a
…………
(vi) A line segment formed by joining two non- adjacent vertices of a
polygon is called its……….
(vii) A quadrilateral has …………..diagonals.
(viii) A lines segment has a ……. length.
Solution:
(i) There is exactly one line passing through Two distinct points in a
plane.
(ii) Two different lines in a plane either intersect at exactly one point or
are parallel.
(iii) The Curves which have different beginning and end points are
called Open curves.
(iv) A curve which does not cross itself at any point is called a
Simple curve.
(v) A simple closed curve made up entirely of line segments is called a

Polygon.
(vi) A line segment formed by joining two non- adjacent vertices of a

polygon is called its diagonal.
(vii) A quadrilateral has two diagonals.
(viii) A lines segment has a definite length.
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with correct word(s) to make the statement true.
(i) Radius of a circle is one-halg of its……….
(ii) A radius of a circle is a line segment with one end point at …….. and
the Other end-point on
(iii) A chord of a circle is a line segment with one end point at ………
and the other end-point on
(iv) A diameter of a circle is a chord that …….. the centre of the circle.
(v) All radii of a circle are………..
Solution:
(i) Radius of a circle is one-half of its diameter.
(ii) A radius of a circle is a line segment with one end point at the centre
and the other end-point on the circle.
(iii) A chord of a circle isa line segment with its end points on the circle.
(iv) A diameter of a circle is a chord that passes through the centre of
the circle.
(v) All radii of a circle are equal.
Question 3.
(i) The line segment is the shortest route from A to B.
(ii) A line cannot be drawn wholly on a sheet of paper.
(iii) A line segment is made of infinite (uncountable) number of points.
(iv) Two lines in a plane always intersect.
(v) Through a given point only one line can be drawn.
(vi) Two different lines can be drawn passing through two distinct
points.
(vii) Every simple closed curve is a polygon.
(viii) Every polygon has atleast three sides.
(ix) A vertex of a quadrilateral lies in its interior.
(x) A line segment with its end-points lying on a circle is called a
diameter of the circle.
(xi) Diameter is the longest chord of the circle.
(xii) The end-points of a diameter of a circle divide the circle into two
points, each part is called a semi-circle.
(xiii) A diameter of a circle divides the circular region into two parts,
each part is called a semi-circle.
(xiii) A diameter of a circle divides the circular region into two parts,
each part is called a semi-circular region.
(xiv) The diameter’s of a circle are concurrent the centre of the circle is
the point common to all diameters.
(xv) Every circle has unique centre and it lies inside the circle.
(xvi) Every circle has unique diameter.
Question 4.
Which of the following has no end points ?
(a) a line
(b) a ray
(c) a line segment
(d) none of these
Solution:
Aline
Because it cannot be drawn on a paper.(a)
Question 5.
Which of the following has definite length ?
(a) a line
(b) a ray
(c) a line segment
(d) none of these
Solution:
a line segment
Because a line segment can be drawn on a paper and it has two end
points. (c)
Question 6.
The number of points required to name a line if
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Solution: 2
A line has no definite length but. It requires ⃗ to represent it. (b)
Question 7.
The number of lines that can be drawn through a given point is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) infinitely many
Solution:
(d) infinitely many
Question 8.
The number of lines that can be drawn passing through two distinct
points is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) infinitely many
Solution :
(a) 1
Question 9.
The maximum number of points of intersection of three lines drawn in a
plane is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 6
Solution:
(c) 3
Question 10.
The minimum number of points of intersection of three lines drawn in a
plane is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
(a) 0
Question 11. In the given figure, the number of line segment is

(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 12
(d) 15
Solution:
(a) 5
Question 12. In a polygon with 5 sides, the number of diagonals is

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 10
Solution:
(c) 5
Question 13.
The number of lines passing through 5 points such that no three of them
are collinear are
(a) 10
(b) 5
(c) 8
(d) 20
Solution:
(a) 10
Question 14.
In context of the given figure, which of the following statement is
correct ?
(a) B is not a point on segment
(b) B is the initial point of the ray ⃗
(c) D is a point on the ray ⃗
(d) C is a point on the ray ⃗
Solution:
C is a point on the ray BD (d).
Question 15.
The figure formed by two rays with same initial point is known as
(a) a line
(b) a line segment
(c) a ray
(d) an angle
Solution:
(d) an angle
Question 16.
In the given figure, the number of angles is
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Solution:
(d) 6
Question 17.
Which of the following statement is false ?
(a) A triangle has three sides
(b) A triangle has three vertices
(c) A triangle has three angles
(d) A triangle has two diagonals
Solution:
(d) A triangle has two diagonals
Question 18.
(a) A quadrilateral has four sides and four vertices
(b) A quadrilateral has four angles
(c) A quadrilateral has four diagonals
(d) A quadrilateral has two diagonals
Solution:
(c) A quadrilateral has four diagonals
Question 19.
By joining any two points of a circle, we obtains its
(a) radius
(b) chord
(c) diameter
(d) circumference
Solution :
(b) chord
Question 20.
If the radius of a circle is 4cm, then the length of its diameter is
(a) 2 cm
(b) 4 cm
(c) 8 cm
(d) 16cm
Solution:
(c) 8 cm

Question 1.
Can a sector and segment of a circle coincide ? If so, name it.
Solution:
Yes, a cemicircle.
Question 2.
In the given figure, find:
(i) the number of triangles pointing up.
(ii) The total number of triangles.
Solution:
(i) The number of triangles pointing up are = 1 + 3 + 6 = 10
(ii) Total number of triangles = 13
Question 3.
In the given figure, find the total number of squares
Solution:
Solution:
Total number of squares in the given figure are
= 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
(i) Name all the rays shown in thegiven figure whose initial point is A.
(ii) Is ray ⃗ different from ray ⃗?
(iii) Is ray ⃗ different from ray ⃗?
(iv) Is ray ⃗ different from ray ⃗?
(v) Is ray ⃗ different from ray ⃗?
Solution:
(i) ⃗, ⃗, ⃗, ⃗
(ii) No
(iii) No
(iv)Yes
(v) Yes
Question 2
From, the given figure, write
(i) all pairs of parallel lines.

(ii) All pairs of intersecting lines.
(iii) liners whose point of inersting is E.
(iv) Collinear points
Solution:
(i) l, m
(ii) l, n; l, p; m, n; m, p; n, p
(iii) l, p
(iv) {A, B, C} and {A, E, D}
Question 3.
In the given figure :
(a) Name;
(i) Parallel lines.
(ii) All pairs of intersecting lines.
(iii) concurrent lines.
(b) State wheather true or false:

(i) points A, B and D are colllinear.
(ii) lines AB and ED interesect at C.
Solution:
(a) (i) AB, ED are parallel lines.
(ii) ⃗, ⃗; ⃗, ⃗; ⃗, ⃗; ⃗, ⃗; ⃗, ⃗
(b)
(i) False.
(ii) False.
Question 4.
In context of the given figure, state whether the following statements are
true (T) or False (F):
(i) Point A is in the interior of ∠ .

(ii) Point B is in the interior of ∠ .
(iii) Point C is in the exterior of ∠AOB.
(iv) Point D is in the exterior of ∠ .
Solution:
(i) False.
Correct : Point A is exterior of ∠ .
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) True
Question 5.
How many angles are marked in the given figure ? Name them ?
Solution:
Five angles.
Names are: ∠ , ∠ , ∠ TQR, ∠ , ∠PQR.
Question 6.
In context of the given figure, name
(i) all triangle
(ii) all triangles having point E as common vertex.
Solution:
(i) ∆ ,∆ ,∆ ,∆ ,∆ .
(ii) ∆ ,∆ ,∆ .
Question 7.
In context of the given figure, answer the following questions :
(i) Is ABCDEFG a polygon ?

(ii) How many sides does it have ?
(iii) How many vertices does it have ?
(iv) Are and adjacent sides ?
(v) Is a diagonal of the polygon ?
(vi) Are , and diagonals of the polygon ?
(vii) Is point P in the interior of the polygon ?
(viii) Is point A in the exterior of the polygon ?
Solution:
(i) Yes
(ii) Seven
(iii) Seven
(iv) No
(v) No
(vi) Yes
(vii) No
(viii) No
Chapter 11
Understandting Symmetrical Shapes
Exercise 11.1
Question 1.
Why is it better to use a divider and a ruler than a ruler only, while
measuring the length of a line segment?
Solution:
There may be errors due to the thickness of the ruler and angular viewing
by using a ruler. These errors are eradicated by using a divider. So, it is
better to use a divider with ruler, than a ruler only, while measuring the
length of a line segment.
Question 2.
In the given figure, compare the line segments with the help of a divider
and fill in the blanks by using the symbol >, = or <;
(i) AB ………. CD
(ii) BC………..AB
(iii) AC………BD
(iv) CD …… BD
Solution:
(i) AB = CD
(ii) BC < AB
(iii) AC > BD
(iv) CD < BD
Question 3.
If A, B and C are collinear points such that AB = 6cm, BC = 4cm and
AC = 10 cm, which one of them lies between the other two ?
Solution:
Given : A, B and C are colinear points
Points B lies between A and C.
Question 4.
In the given figure, verify the following by measurement :
(i) AB + BC = AC
(ii) AC – BC = AB
Solution:
Measure with help of divider and ruler.
AB = 3 cm, BC = 1.5 cm and AC = 4.5 cm
(i) AB + BC = AC
⇒ 3 cm + 1.5 cm = 4.5 cm
⇒ 4.5 cm = 4.5 cm
(ii) AC – BC = AB
⇒ 4.5 cm – 5 cm = 3cm
⇒ 3 cm = 3cm
Question 5.
In the given figure, verify by measurement that :
(i) AC + BD = AD + BC
(ii) AB + CD = AD - BC
Solution:
measure with the help of
(ii) AB + CD = AD - BC
Solution:
Measure with help of divide and ruler =
AB = 1.8 cm, BC = 0.8 cm, BD = 2.7cm, CD =1.9cm, AC = 4.5 cm
⇒ 2.6 cm + 2.7 cm = 4.5 cm + 0.8 cm
⇒ 5.3 cm = 5.3 cm
(ii) AB + CD = AD – BC
⇒ 1.8 cm = 1.9 cm = 4.5 cm -0.8cm
⇒ 3.7 cm = 3.7 cm
Question 6.
In the given figure, measure the lengths of the sides of the triangle
ABC and verify :

(i) AB + BC > AC
(ii) BC + AC > AB
(iii) AC + AB > BC
= Measure with help of a divide and ruler.
AB = 2.5cm, BC = 3.8cm, AC = 4 cm
(i) AB + BC > AC
⇒ 2.5 + 3.8am > 4 cm
⇒ 5.3 cm > 4 cm
(ii) BC + AO > AB
⇒ 3.8 + 4cm > 2.5cm
⇒ 7.8 cm > 7.5 cm
(iii) AC + AB > BC
⇒ 4cm + 2.5 cm > 3.8 cm
⇒ 6.5 cm > 3.8cm
Exercise 11.2
Question 1.
What fraction of a clockwise revlution does the hour hand of a clock
turn through when it goes from :
(i) 4 to 10
(ii) 2 to 5
(iii) 7 to 10
(iv) 8 to 5
(v) 11 to 5
(vi) 6 to 3
Also find the number of right angles turned in each case.
Solution:
$
(i) ; 2
%
$
(ii) ; 1
(
$
(iii) ; 1
(
*
(iv) ;3
(
$
(v) ;2
%
*
(vi) ;3
(
Question 2.
Where will the hand of a clock sstop if it
(i) Starts at 10 and makes 12 of a revolution, clockwise ?
(ii) Starts at 4 and makes 14 of a revolution, clockwise ?
(iii) Starts at 4 and makes 34 of a revolution, clockwise ?
Solution:
(i) at 4
(ii) at 7
(iii) at 1
Question 3.
Where will the hand of a clock stop if it starts from
(i) 6 and turns through 1 right angle ?
(ii) 8 and turns through 2 right angles ?
(iii) 10 and turns through 3 right angles ?
(iv) 7 and turns through 2 straight angles ?
Solution :
(i) 9
(ii) 2
(iii) 1
(iv) 7
Question 4:
What fraction of a revolution have you turned through if you stand
facing
(i) north and turn clockwise to face west ?
(ii) South and turn anti-clockwise to face east ?
(iii) east and turn clockwise ( or anti-clockwise) to face west ?
Also find the number of right angles turned in each case.
Solution:
*
(i) ; 3
(
$
(ii) ; 1
(
$
(iii) ; 2
%
Question 5.
Match the following:
(i) Straight angle (a) More than half a revolution
(ii) Right angle (b) Less than one - fourth of a revolution
(iii) Complete angle (c) Half of a revolution
(iv) Accute angle (d) One-fourth of a revolution
$ $
(v) Obtuse angle (e) Between and of a revolution
( %
(vi) Reflex angle (f) One- Complete revolution
Solution:
(i) Straight angle (c) Half of a revolution

(ii) Right angle (d) One-fourth of a revolution
(iii) Complete angle (e) One complete revolution
(iv) Acute angle (b) Less than one- fourth of a revolution
$ $
(v) Obtuse angle (e) Between and of a revolution
( %
(vi) Reflex angle (e) More than half a revolution
Question 6.
Classify the angles whose magnitudes are given below :
(i) 56°
(ii) 125°
(iii) 90°
(iv) 180°
(v) 215°
(vi) 178°
Solution:
(i) Acute angle
(ii) Obtuse angle
(iii) Right angle
(iv) Straight angle
(v) Reflex angle
(vi) Reflex angle
(vii) Acute angle
(viii) Obtuse angle
Question 7.
State which of the following angles with a small letter in the following
diagrams are acute, which obtuse and which are reflex:
Solution:
(i) ∠2 and ∠3 are acute, ∠ℎ is obtuse
(ii) ∠5 and ∠6 are obtuse, ∠7 is acute.
(iii) ∠8 is obtuse, ∠9 and ∠: are acute, ∠; is reflex.
Question 8.
Use your protector to measure each of the angles marked in the
following figures :
Solution:
(i) 62°
(ii) 116°
(iii) 121°
Question 9.
Use your protector to measure the reflex angles marked in the following
figures:
Solution:
(i) 315°
(ii) 235°
Question 10.
Find the measure of the angles between the hands of the clock in each
figure :
Solution:
(i) 60°
(ii) 30°
(iii) 150°
Question 11.
Write the measure of the smaller angle formed by the hour and the minute
hands of a clock at 7 O’ clock. Also write the measure of the Other angle
and also state what types of angles these are.
Solution:
Smaller angle is 150° ( Obtuse).
The Other angle is 210° ( reflex).
Question 12.
There are two set- squares in your geometry box. What are measure of the
angles formed at their corners ? Do they have any angle measure that is
common ?
Solution:
One is a 30° − 60° − 90° set square; the Other is 45° − 45° − 90° set
square. The angle of measure 90° ( i.e., a right angle) is common between
them.
Exercise 11.3
Question 1.
Which of the following are models for perpendicular lines ?
(i) The adjacent edges of a postcard.
(ii) The lines of a railway track.
(iii) The line segment forming the letter ‘L’.
(iv) The adjacent edges of your Math book.
(v) The line segments forming the letter ‘V’.
Solution:
(i), (iii) and (iv) are models for perpendicular lines.
Question 2.
In the figure given below, line 1 is perpendicular to line m.
Solution:
(a) Is CE = EG ?
(b) Does ⃖=>
@@@@⃗ bisect segment ⃖BC
@@@@⃗ ?
(c) Identify any two line segments for which ⃖=>

@@@@⃗ is the perpendicular
biector.
(d) Are these true ?
Solution:
(a) CE = CD + DE
= 1 + 1 = 2 units
EG = EF + FG
= 1 + 1 = 2 units
∴ CE = EG ( Yes)
(b) ∵ CE = EG
∴ E is the mid point of BH
Line ⃖=> ⃖@@@@⃗ ( Yes)
@@@@⃗ bisect segment BC
(c) IGH
III , IBC
III
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) True
Exercise 11.4
Question 1.
Name the following triangles with regards to sides :
Solution:
(i) Isosceles triangle
(ii) Scalene triangle
(iii) Equilateral triangle
(i) Isosceles triangle
(ii) Scalene triangle.
(iii) Equilateral triangle.
Question 2.
Name the following triangles with regards to angles:
Solution:
(i) Right angles triangle as ∠B = 90°
(ii) Obtuse angles triangle as ∠B is Obtuse and greater than 90° .
(iii) Acute angled triangle as all the angle are less than 90° .
Question 3.
Name each of the following triangles in two different ways ( you may
judge the nature of the angle by Observation) :
Solution:
(i) Acute angled and isosceles triangle
(ii) right angles and scalene triangle
(iii) Obtuse angled and isosceles triangle
(iv) Right angles and isosceles triangle
(v) Equilateral and acute angled triangle
(vi) Obtuse angled andd scalene triangle
Question 4.
Match the following.
Measure of triangles Types of triangles

(i) 3 sides of equal length (a) Scalene
(ii) 2 sides of equal length (b) Isosceles right angled
(iii) all sides of different length (c) Obtuse angled
(iv) 3 acute angles (d) Right angled
(v) 1 right angle (e) Equilateral
(vi) 1 Obtuse angle (f) Acute angled
(vii) 1 right angle with two sides (g) Isosceles
of equal length
Solution:
Measure of triangles Types of triangles
(i) 3 sides of equal length (e) Equilateral

(ii) 2 sides of equal length (g) Isosceles
(iii) all sides of different length (a) Scalene
(iv) 3 acute angles (f) Acute angled
(v) 1 right angle (d) Right angled
(vi) 1 Obtuse angle (c) Obtuse angled
(vii) 1 right angle with two sides (b) Isosceles right angled
of equal length
Question 5.
State which of the following statement are true and which are false :
(i)A triangle can have two right angles.
(ii) A triangle cannot have more than one Obtuse angle.
(iii) A triangle has atleast two acute angles.
(iv) If all the three sides of a triangle are equal, it is callled a scalene
triangle.
(v) A triangle has four sides.
(vi) An isosceles triangle is an equilateral triangle also.
(vii) An equilateral triangle is an isosceles triangle also.
(viii) An scalene triangle has all its angles equal.
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) True
(viii) False
Exercise 11.5
Question 1.
(i) Each angle of a rectangle is a right angle.
(ii) The Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal in length.
(iii) The diagonals of a square are perpendicular to one another.
(iv) All sides of a rhombus are equal in length.
(v) All sides of a parallelogram are equal in length.
(vi) The Opposite sides of a trapezium are parallel.
(vii) The diagonal of a parallelogram are equal.
Solution:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) False
Question 2.
Examine whether the following figures are polygons. Give reasons.
Solution:
(i) Not a polygon, because it is not a closed curve.
(ii) Polygon, because it is a simple closed curve made up entirely of line
segments.
(iii) Not a polygon, because it is not a simple curve.
(iv) Not a polygon, because it is not made up of entirely line segments.
Question 3.
Name each of the following polygons :
Solution:
(i) Pentagon
(ii) Quadrilateral
(iii) Hexagon
(iv) Octagon
Question 4.
Draw a rough sketch of a pentagon and draw its diagonals.
Solution:
ABCDE is required pentagon.

Its diagonals are : AC, AD, BE, BD.
Question 5.
Draw a rough sketch of a regualr hexagon. Connecting three of its
vertices draw.
(i) an isosceles triangle
(ii) a light angles triangle
Solution:
The triangle ACE Obtained on joining its three vertices A, C and E is an
equilateral triangle.
Question 6.
Can you identify the regular quadrilateral ?
Solution:
Square is regular quadrilateral.
Exercise 11.6
Question 1.
What is the shape of
(i) Your geometry box ?
(ii) a brick ?
(iii) a matchbox?
(iv) a dum ?
(v) a playing die ?
(vi) a sweet laddu ?
Solution:
(i) Cuboid
(ii) Cuboid
(iii) Cuboid
(iv) Cylinder
(v) Cube
(vi) Sphere
Question 2.
Match the following :
(i) Cone (i) Pyramid
(ii) Sphere (ii) Cylinder
(iii) Cube (iii) Cuboid
Solution:
(i) - (b),
(ii) –(d),
(iii) – (e),
(iv) – (a),
(v) - (f)
(vi) – (c)
Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) A cube has ……. square faces,……… edges and ……… vertices.
(ii) A triangular prism has…….. triangular faces,…..rectangular
faces,…….edges and ……. vertices.
(iii) A triangular pyramid has…… faces, ……..edges and vertices.
Solution:
(i) A cube has 6 square faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.

(ii) A triangular prism has 2 triangular faces 3 rectangular faces 9 edges
and 6 vertices.
(iii) A triangular pyramid has 4 faces, 6 edges and 4 vertices.
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) An angle whose measure is less than that of a right angle is…….
(ii) An angle whose measure is the sum of the measure of two right
angles is …………
(iii) When the sum of measures of two angles is that of a right angle,
then each one of them is……….
(iv) When the sum of measure of two angles is that of a straight angle
and if one of them is acute then the other is…….
(v) A triangle having one of its angles as right angle and with lengths of
two sides equal is called ………………triangle.
(vi) A cuboid has………. faces, ……….edges and …………. vertices.
(vii) A rectangular pyramid has……… faces,………edges and
……vertices.
Solution:
(i) An angle whose measure is less than that of a right angle is acute.
(ii) An angle whose measure is the sum of the measure of two right
angles is Straight.
(iii) When the sum of measures of two angles is that of a right angle,
then each one of them is acute.
(iv) When the sum of measure of two angles is that of a straight angle
and if one of them is acute then the other is Obtuse.
(v) A triangle having one of its angles as right angle and with lengths of
two sides equal is called an isosceles right angled triangle.
(vi) A cuboid has 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
(vii) A rectangular pyramid has 5 faces, 8 edges and 5 vertices.
Question 2.
(i) Each angle of an equilateral triangle is a right angle.
(ii) The adjacent sides of a rectangle are equal in length.
(iii) The diagonals of a rectangle are equal in length.
(iv) The diagonals of a rectangle are perpendicular to one another.
(v) The diagonals of a rhombus are equal in length.
(vi) Any three line segments make up a triangle.
(vii) All the faces of a triangular prism are triangles.
(viii) All the faces of a triangular pyramid are triangles.
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) False
(vi) False
(vii) False
(viii) True
Question 3.
State whether the following statement is true or false. Justify your
answer.
‘ An angle whose measure is greater than that of a right angle is obtuse’.
Solution:
False, because the angle can be obtuse, straight, reflex or complete.

Question 4.
Comparison of lengths is possible in case of
(a) two lines
(b) two line segments
(c) two rays
(d) a ray and a line segment
Solution:
two line segments (b)
Question 5.
A reflex angle measures
(a) more than 90° but less than 180°
(b) more than 90° but less than 270°
(c) more than 180° but less than 360°
(d) none of these
Solution:
(c) more than 180° but less than 360°
Question 6.
A scalene triangle cannot be
(a) an acute angles triangle
(b) an obtuse angles triangle
(c) a right angles triangle
(d) an equilateral triangle
Solution:
(d) an equilateral triangle
Question 7.
An Obtuse angled triangle can be
(a) right angled
(b) isosceles
(c) equilateral
(d) none of these
Solution:
(b) isosceles
Question 8.
If you are facing north and turn through 34 of a turn in anti-clockwise
direction, which direction will you face ?
(a) east
(b) south
(c) west
(d) north
Solution:
(a) east
Question 9.
Open any two adjacent fingers of your hand. What kind of angle you get
?
(a) acute
(b) right
(c) Obtuse
(d) Straight
Solution:
(a) acute
Question 10.
In the given figure, the number of obtuse angles is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Solution:
(c) 4
Question 11.
If the sum of two angles is an obtuse angle, then which of the following
is not possible ? one right angle and one acute angle one obuse angle and
oneacute angle two acute angles two right angles
(a) two right angles
(b) One obtuse angle and one acute angle
(c) two acute angles
(d) two right angles
Solution:
(d) two right angles
Question 12.
If the sum of two angles is greater than 180° , then which of the
following is not possible ?
(a) two Obtuse angles
(b) two right angles
(c) One Obtuse and one acute angle
(d) one reflex and one acute angle
Solution:
(b) two right angles
Question 13.
(a) Every quadrilateral triangle is an isosceles triangle.
(b) Every isosceles triangle is an equilateral triangle.
(c) Every parallellogram isa trapezium.
(d) Every trapezium is a quadrilateral.
Solution:
Every isosceles triangle is an equilateral triangle. (b)
Question 14.
Which of the following statement is correct ?
(a) Every rhombus is a square
(b) Every parallelogram is a rectangle
(c) Every square is a rhombus
(d) Every rectangle is a square
Solution:
(c) Every square is a rhombus
Question 15
A quadrilateral whose each angle is a right angle is a
(a) trapezium
(b) parallelogram
(c) rhombus
(d) rectangle
Solution:
(d) rectangle
Question 1.
If the lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 3 cm and 7 cm,
then what is the lengths of the third side ?
Solution:
2 sides of isosceles triangle are equal.
Also sum of two sides of triangle is always greater then 3rd side.
∴ The length of 3rd side = 7 cm
Question 2.
If the lengths of three consecutive sides of an isosceles trapezium are 5
cm, 6 cm and 8cm, then what is the length of the fourth side ?
Solution:
6 cm
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
In the given figure, identify the longest and shortest line segments by
measuring their lengths.
Solution:
Longest segment is QR and shortest is QS.
Question 2.
Where will the hour hand of a clock stop if it starts from 10 and turns
through 3 right angles ?
Solution:
7
Question 3.
Classify the angles whose measures are given below:
(i) 56°
(ii) 125°
(iii) 90°
(iv) 180°
(v) 215°
(vi) 328°
Solution:
(i) Acute angle
(ii) Obtuse angle
(iii) Right angle
(iv) Straight angle
(v) Reflex angle
(vi) Reflex angle
Question 4.
Name the types of the following triangles:
(i) ∆ABC with AB = 8 cm, AC = 7 cm and BC = 5.5cm.
(ii) ∆PQR with PQ = PR = 5 cm and QR = 7.3 cm.
(iii) ∆DEF with D = ∠90° .
(iv) ∆XYZ with ∠Y = 90° and XY = YZ.
(v) ∆LMN with ∠L = 30° , ∠P = 70° and ∠Q = 80° .
Solution:
(i) Scalene triangle.
(ii) Isosceles triangle.
(iii) Right-angled triangle
(iv) Isosceles right-angles triangle.
(v) Acute angles triangle.
Question 5.
Name each of the following triangles in two different ways ( you may
use ruler and protector) :
Solution:
(i) Obtuse angled and isosceles.
(ii) Right- angled angle scalene.
(iii) Acute angles and isosceles.
Question 6.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) A rectangle is a regular quadrilateral.
(ii) A rhombus is a regular quadrilateral.
(iii) Every parallelogram is a rhombus.
(iv) The diagonals of a rhombus intersect at right angles.
(v) A polygon having 6 sides is called an Octagon.
(vi) A road roller has two plane circular faces and one curved face.
(vii) A rectangular pyramid has 5 rectangular faces.
Solution :
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) False
(iv) True
(v) False
(vi) True
(vii) False
Question 7.
Draw a rough sketch of a regular octagon and draw a square by joining
exactly four of its vertices.
Solution:
ABCDEFGH is a regular Octagon and ACEG is a required square.

Chapter 12
Symmetry
Exercise 12.1
Question 1.
Draw the line ( or lines) of symmetry, if any, of the following shapesand
count their number.
Solution:
Question 2.
Draw the line ( or lines) of symmetry, if any, of the following pictures (
of Objects) and count their number.
Solution:
Question 3.
Draw the line ( or lines) of symmetry, if any, of the following road signs
and count their number :
Solution:
One line One line One line One line
Question 4.
Draw the line ( or lines) of symmetr, if any, of the following numerals
and count their number :
Solution:
Question 5.
Copy the following figures on a squared paper and draw the lines of
symmetry ( if any) and count their number:
Solution:
Question 6.
Write the letters of word ‘JUST LOOK’ which have no line of
symmetry.
Solution;
The words which have no line of symmetry are : J, S, L and K.
The words which have One line of symmetry are :
Question 7.
Can you draw a triangle which has
(i) exactly one line of symmetry ?
(ii) exactly two lines of symmetry ?
(iii) exactly three lines of symmetry ?
(iv) no lines of symmetry ?
Sketch a rough figure in each case and name the triangle.
Solution:
(i) A isosceles triangle
(ii) No possible
(iii) A equilateral triangle
(iv) Scalene triangle

Exercise 12.2
Question 1.
Copy the following figures on a squared paper. Complete each of them
such that the dotted line is the line of symmetry:
Solution;
Question 2.
Copy the following figures on a squared paper. Complete each of them
such that the resulatant figure has two dotted lines as the lines of
symmetry :
Solution:
Question 3.
In the given figure, / is the line of symmetry. Complete the diagram
to make it symmetrical.
Solution:
Question 4.
In the given figure, 1 is the line of symmetry, Draw the image of the
parallelogram and complete the diagram so that it becomes symmetrical.
Solution:
Question 5.
Copy the following figures on a squared paper and find their reflections
in the mirror line 1.
Solution:
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) The subtraction symbol – has …….lines of symmetry.
(ii) The addition symbol + has……… lines of ………symmetry.
(iii) Line of symmetry is also known ……line or ……..of symmetry.
(iv) A kite has…….line(s) of symmetry.
(v) A parallelogram has……. line(s) of symmetry.
(vi) The number of lines of symmetry in a regular hexagon is ……
(vii) A rectangle is symmetrical about the lines joining the ……..of the
opposite sides.
(viii) The number of capital letters of the English alphabet having only
vertical line of symmetry is…………
(ix) The number of capital letters of the English alphabet having only
horizontal line of symmetry is……….
(x) The number of capital letters of the English alphabet having only
horizontal line of symmetry is………..
(xi) The digits having two lines of symmetry are……and……
Solution:
(i) The subtraction symbol – has two lines of symmetry.
(ii) The addition symbol + has four lines of symmetry.
(iii) Line of symmetry is also known mirror line or axis of symmetry.
(iv) A kite has one line(s) of symmetry.
(v) A parallelogram has no line(s) of symmetry.
(vi) The number of lines of symmetry in a regular hexagon is 6.
(vii) A rectangle is symmetrical about the lines joining the mid-points
of the opposite sides.
(viii) The number of capital letters of the English alphabet having only
vertical line of symmetry is 7.
(ix) The number of capital letters of the English alphabet having only
horizontal line of symmetry is 4.
(x) The number of capital letters of the English alphabet having only
horizontal line of symmetry is 4.
(xi) The digits having two lines of symmetry are 0 and 8.
Question 2.
State whether the following statement are true (T) or false (F):
(i) The letter N has one line of symmetry.
(ii) Every hexagon has six lines of symmetry.
(iii) All right angled triangles have one line of symmetry.
(iv) A triangle with more than one line of symmetry must be an
(v) A triangle with more than one line of symmetry must be an
(vi) A circle has only 8 lines of symmetry.
(vii) A regular Octagon has 10 lines of symmetry.
(viii) A square and a rectangle have the same number of lines of
symmetry.
(ix) A right angles triangle can have the same number of lines of
symmetry.
(x) If an isosceles triangle has more than one line of symmetry, then it
must be rn equilateral triangle.
(xi) If a rectangle has more than two lines of symmetry, then it must be a
square.
Solution:
(i) The letter N has one line of symmetry. False
(ii) Every hexagon has six lines of symmetry. False
(iii) All right angled triangles have one line of symmetry. False
(iv) A triangle with more than one line of symmetry must be an
equilateral triangle. True
(v) A triangle with more than one line of symmetry must be an
equilateral triangle. True
(vi) A circle has only 8 lines of symmetry. False
(vii) A regular Octagon has 10 lines of symmetry. False
(viii) A square and a rectangle have the same number of lines of
symmetry. False
(ix) A right angles triangle can have the same number of lines of
symmetry. True
(x) If an isosceles triangle has more than one line of symmetry, then it
must be rn equilateral triangle. True
(xi) If a rectangle has more than two lines of symmetry, then it must be a
square. True
Choose the correct answer from the given four Options ( 3 to 15):
Question 3.
The number of lines of symmetry of a scalene triangle is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
(a) 0
Question 4.
The letter F has
(a) One horizon line of symmetry
(b) one vertical line of symmetry
(c) Two lines of symmetry
(d) no line of symmetry
Solution:
(d) no line of symmetry
Question 5.
The number of lines of symmetry of a rectangle is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4
Solution:
2 (c)
Question 6
A rhombus is symmetrical about
(a) each of its two diagonals
(b) each of its two lines joining the mid-points if opposite sides
(c) each of the perpendicular bisector of its sides
(d) none of these.
Solution:
(a) each of its two diagonals
Question 7.
The number of lines of symmetry of a circle is
(a) 4
(b) 8
(c) 16
(d) unlimited
Solution:
(d) unlimited
Question 8.
Which of the following letters does not have any line of symmetry?
(a) B
(b) T
(c) Z
(d) Y
Solution:
(c) Z
Question 9.
Which of the following letters does not have the vertical line of
symmetry?
(a) A
(b) H
(c) M
(d) E
Solution:
E, because has horizontal line of symmetry. (d)
Question 10.
Which figure from the following figures is not symmetrical with respect
to any line ?
Solution:
Question 11.
In which of the given figures is the dotted line of symmetry ?
Solution:
Question 12.
Amonget the given figures, the one having maximum number of lines of
symmetry is :
Solution:
Question 13.
The angle between the mirror line 1 and the line segment joining a point
and its reflection ( image) is :
(a) 0°
(b) 45°
(c) 60°
(d) 90°
Solution:
(d) 90°
Question 14.
Which of two figures are image of each other ( mirror line shown dotted)
?
Solution:
Question 15.
Which of the two figures are mirror images of each other ( mirror line
shown dotted) ?
Solution:
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Draw the line ( or lines) of symmetry, if any, of the following figures,
shapes and count their number :
Solution:
Question 2.
Draw the line ( or lines) of symmetry, if any, of the following pictures of
playing cards and count their number:
Solution:
Question 3.
Write the letters of the word ‘ALGEBRA’ which have no line of
symmetry.
Solution:
L, G, R
Question 4.
On a squared paper, sketch the following:
(I ) A triangle with a horizontal line of symmetry but no vertical line of
symmetry.
(ii) A quadrilateral with both horizontal and vertical lines of symmetry.
(iii) A quadrilateral with a horizontal line of symmetry but no vertical
line of symmetry.
(iv) A hexagon with exactly two line of symmetry.
Solution:
Question 5.
Copy the following figures on a squared paper and complete each figure
such that the resulatant figure is symmetrical about the dotted line ( or
lines):
Solution:
Question 6.
State whether the following statement is true or false. Justify your
answer :
“ A straight line dividing a figure into two identical parts is necessarily a
line of symmetry.”
Solution:
False, in the figure shown,
Diagonals AC divides the rectangle into two identical parts but rectangle
is not symmetrical about line [latex]\overleftrightarrow { AC} [/latex].
Question 7.
Find whether the figure on the left side is the reflection of the figures on
right side. If not, draw the correct figure.
Solution:
NO
Chapter 13
Practical Geometry
Exercise 13.1
Question 1.
Construct a circle of radius:
(i) 2 cm
(ii) 3.5 cm
Solution:
(a) 2 cm
Steps of construction :
(i) Open the compasses for the required radius 2cm, by putting the
pointer on 0 and Opening the pencil up to 2 cm,
(ii) Draw a point with a sharp pencil and marks it as Q in the centre.
(iii) Place the pointer of the compasses where the centre has been
marked.
(iv) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the circle.
(b) 3.5 cm
(i) Open the compasses for the required radius 3.5 cm putting the pointer
on 0 and Opening the pencil up to 3.5 cm
(ii) Draw a Point with a share Pencil and marks it as O in the centre.
(iii) Place the pointer of the compasses where the centre has been
marked.
(iv) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the circle.
Question 2.
With the same centre O, draw into circles of radii 2.6 cm and 4.1 cm.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(a) For a circle of radius 4.1 cm
(i) Pen the Cor.npasses for the required radius 4.1 cm,
by putting the pointer on 0 and opening the pencil up to 4.1 cm.
(ii) Place the pointer of the compasses at 0.
(iii) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the circle.
(b) For a circle of radius of 2.6 cm
(i) Open the compasses for the required radius 2.6 cm, by putting the
pointer on 0 and Opendion the pencil up to 2.6 cm.
(ii) Place the pointer of the compasses at O.
(iii) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the circle.
Question 3.
Draw any circle and mark points A, B and C such that
(i) A is on the circle.
(ii) B is in the interior of the circle.
(iii) C is in the exterior of the circle.
Solution:
Question 4.
Draw a circle and any two of its ( non-perpendicular) diameters. If you
join the ends of these diameters, what is the figure obtained ? What
figure is obtained if the diameters are perpendicular to each Other ? How
do you check your answer ?
Solution:
(i) On joining the ends of any two diameters of the circle, the figure
Obtained is a rectangle.
(ii) On joining the ends of any two diameters of the circle,
perpendicular to each other, the figure Obtained is a square.
To check the answer,

We measured the sides and angles of the figure obtained.
Question 5.
Let A, B be the centres of two circles of equal radii; draw them so that
each one of them passes through the centre of the other. Let them
intersect at C and D.
Examine whether and are at right angles.
Solution:
Yes ! and are at right angles.
Question 6.
Construct a line segment of length of 6.3 cm using ruler and compass.
Solution:
Using ruler, we mark two points A and B which are 7.3 cm apart. Join A
and B and get AB.
is a line segment of length 7.3 cm.
Question 7.
Construct of lengths 8.3 cm. From this cut off of length 5.6 cm.
Measure the length of BC.
Solution:
(i) Daw a line 1. Mark a point A on line 1.
(ii) Place the compass pointer on the zero mark of the ruler.
Open it to place the pencil point upto the 8.3 cm mark.
(iii) Without changing the Opening if the compass, place the pointer on
A and swing an arc to cut 1 at B.
(iv) is a line segment of required of length 8.3 cm.
(v) Place the compass pointer on the zero mark of the ruler. Open it to
place the pencil point upto 5.6 cm mark.
(vi) Without changing the opening of the compass, place the pointer on
A and swing ana rc to cut 1 at C.
(vii) is a line segment of length 5.6 cm. On measurement, = 2.7
cm.
Question 8.
Draw any line segment . Without measure , construct a copy of
.
Solution:
(i) Given whose length is not known.
(ii) Fix the compass pointer on P and the pencil end on Q.

The Opening of the instrument now gives the length of .
(iii) Draw any line l . Choose a point P on l.

Without changing the compass setting, place the pointer on P.
(iv) Swing an arc that cuts l at a point, say, B. Now AB is a copy of .
Question 9.
Given some line segment , whose length you do not know, construct
is twice that of .
Solution:
(i) Given whose length is not known.
(ii) Fix the compass pointer on A and the pencil end on B. The Opening
of the instrument now gives the length of AB.
(iii) Draw any line 1. Choose a point P on l.
Without changing the compass setting, place the pointer on P.
(iv) Strike an arc that cuts l at a point, say, X.
(v) Now fix the compass pointer on X.
Strike an arc away from P that cuts l at a point, say, Q.
Now, the length of is twice that of AB.

Question 10.
Take a line segment of length 10 cm. From , cut of of
length 4.3 cm and of length 2.5 cm. Measure the length of segment
.
Solution:
∴ Length of is 3.2 cm.
Question 11.
Given two line segments and of length 7.5 cm and 4.6

respectively. Construct line segments.
(i) of length equal to the sum of the lengths of and
(ii) of length equal to the difference of the lengths of and .
Verify thesee lengths by measurements.
Solution:
(ii) = - = 7.5 cm – 4.6 cm = 2.9 cm.

Exercise 13.2
Question 1.
Draw a line segment = 5.6 cm. Draw a perpendicular to it from a
point A outside by using ruler and compass.
Solution:
Given : A – Line segment PQ = 5.6 cm and a point A outside the line.
Required : To draw a 1 ar to PQ from point A.
(i) With A as centre and any suitable radius, drawn an arc to cut the line
PQ at points C and D.
(ii) With C and D as centres, drawn two arcs of equal radius (> 12CD)
cutting each other at B on the other side of PQ.
(iii) Join A and B to meet the line PQ at N, then AN is the required
perpendicular from the point A to the line PQ.
Question 2.
Draw a line segment = 6.2 cm. Draw a perpendicular to it at a Point
M an by using ruler and compass.
Solution:
Given : A line AB = 6.2 cm and a point P on it.
Required : To draw an ⊥ arc to AB at point P.
Step of Construction :
(i) With P as centre and any suitable radius, draw an arc to cut the line
AB at points C and D.
(ii) With C and D as centres, draw two arcs of equal radius ( > 12CD)
cutting each other at Q.
(iii) Join P and Q.
then QP is the required perpendicular to the line AB at the point P.
Question 3.
Draw a line l and take a point P on it. Through P, draw a line segment
perpendicular to l. Now draw a perpendicular to at Q ( use ruler
and compass).
Solution:
(i) Let AB be the given line segment.
(ii) With A as centre and any suitable radius ( > ) draw arcs on
each side of AB.
(iii)With B as centre and same radius [as in steps (i)], draw arcs on each
side of AB to cut the previous arcs at P and Q.
(iv) Draw a line passing through points P and Q, then the lines is
the required perpendicular bisector of AB and line l.
Question 4.
Draw a line segment of length 6.4 cm and construct its axis of
symmetry ( use ruler and compass).
Solution:
(i) Draw a line segment of length 6.4 cm.
(ii) With A as centre, using a compass, draw a circle.
The radius of this circle should be more than half of the length of AB.
(iii) With the same radius and with B as centre, draw another circle
using a compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at C and D.
(iv) Join . Then, is the axis of symmetry of .
Question 5.
Draw the perpendicular bisector of whose length is 8.3 cm.
(i) Take any point P on the bisector drawn. Examine whether PX = PY.
(ii) If M is the mid-point of , What can you say about the lengths
MX and MY ?
Solution :
(i) Draw a line segment of lengths 8.3 cm.
(ii) With X as centre, using compass, draw a circle.
The raidus of this circle should be more than half of the length of .
(iii) With the same radius and with Y as centre, draw another circle
using a compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at A and B.
(iv) Join AB.
Then is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment
(iv) Join AB.
Then, is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment .
(a) On examination, we find the PX = PY.
(b) We can say that the length of MX is equal to the length of MY.
Question 6.
Draw a line segment of length 8.8 cm. Using a ruler and compass,
divide it into four equal parts. Verify by actual measurement.
Solution:
(ii) With A as centre, using compass, draw two arcs on either side of
AB.
The radius of this arc should be more than half of the length of .
(iii) With the same radius and with B as centre, draw another arc using
compass.
Let it cut the previous arc at C and D.
(iv) Join .
it cuts at E.
Then is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment
(v) With A as centre, using compass, draw a circle.

The radius of this circle stould be more than half of the length of AC.
(vi) With the same radius and with E as centre,

draw another circle using compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at F and G.
(vii) Join . It cuts at H.

Then is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment .
(viii) With E as centre, using eompass, draw a circle,

The radius of thii circle should be more than half of the length of EB.
(ix) With the same radius md with B is centre.

draw another circle using compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at I and J.
(x) Join IJ it cuts EB at K.
Then IJ is the perpendicular bisector of the segment EB
Now, the points H, E and K divide AB into four equal parts i.e.,
AH = HE = EK = KB
By measurement,
AH = HE = EK = KB = 2.2 cm
Question 7.
With of length 5.6 cm as diameter, draw a circle.
Solution :
(ii) With P as centre, using compass, draw a circle.
The radius of this circle should be more than half of the length of .
(iii) With the same radius and with Q as centre, draw another circle
using compass.
(iv) Join , It cuts at C.

Then AB is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment .
(v) Place the pointer of the compass at C and Open the pencil up to P.
(vi) Turn the compass slowly to draw the circle.
Question 8.
Draw a circle with centre C and radius 4.2 cm. Draw any chord AB.
Construct the perpendicular bisector of AB and examine if it passes
through C.
Solution:
(i) Draw a point with a sharp pencil ais mark it as C.
(ii) Open the compass for the required radius of 4.2 cm. by putting the
pointer on 0 and opening the pencil up to 4.2 cm.
(iii) Place the pointer of the compass at C.
(iv) Turn the compass slowly to draw the circle.
(v) Draw any chord of this circle.
(vi) With A as centre, using compass, draw a circle.
The radius of this circle should be more than half of the length of .
(vii) With the same radius and with B as centre, draw another circle
using compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at D and E.
(viii) Join
Then is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment .
On examination, we find that it passes through C.
Question 9.
Draw a circle of radius 3.5 cm. Draw any two of its ( non-parallel)
chords. Construct the perpendicular bisectors of these chords. Where do
they meet ?
Solution:
(i) Draw a point with a sharp pencil and mark it as O.
(ii) Open the compasses for the required radius 3.5 cm. by putting the
pointer on 0 and Opening the pencil upto 3.5 cm.
(iii) Place the pointer of the compass at O.
(iv) Turn the compass slowly to draw the circle.
(v) Draw any two chords and of this circle.
(vi) With A as centre, using compass, draw two arcs on either side of
AB.
(vii) With the same radius and with B as centre, draw another two arcs
using compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at E and F.
(viii) Join EF.

Then EF is the perpendicular bisector of the chord .
(ix) With C as centre, using compass, draw two arcs on either side of
CD.
(x) With the same radius and with D as centre, draw another two arcs
using a compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at G and H.
(xi) Join .
Then is the perpendicular bisector of the chord .
We find that perpendicular bisectors and meet at O,
the centre of the circle.
Exercise 13.3
Question 1.
Draw an angle of 80° and make a copy of it using ruler and compass.
Solution:
(i) Construct an angle ABC = 80°
(ii) Take a line 1 and mark a point D on it.
(iii) Fix the compass pointer on B and draw an arc which cuts the sides
of ∠ at D and E.
(iv) Without changing the compass setting, place the pointer on P and
draw an arc which cuts 1 at Q.
(v) Open the compass equal to length DE.
(vi) Without disturbing the radius on compass. place its pointer at Q and
draw an arc which cuts the previous arc at R.
(vii) join PR and draw ray PR.

Its gives ∠# which is the required angle
whose measure is equal to the meausre of ∠
Question 2.
Draw an angle of measure 127° and construct its bisector.
Solution:
(i) Draw ' of any length.
(ii) Place the centre of the protractor at O and the zero edge along ' .
(iii) Start with 0 near Q, Mark point P at 127° .
(iv) Join ' Then, ∠ ' = 127° .
(v) With O as centre and using compass, draw an arc that cuts both rays
of ∠ ' .
Label the points of intersecction as ( and ( .
(
(vi) With as centre, draw ( in the interior of ∠ ' )
( (
an arc whose radius is more than half the length .
(vii) With the same radius and with ( as centre, draw another arc in the
interior of ∠ ' .
Let the two arcs intersect at R. Then, '# is the bisector of ∠ ' .
Question 3.
Draw ∠ ' = 64° . Also draw its line of symmetry.
Solution:
(i) Draw a ray ' .
(iii) Start with 0 near Q. Mark point P at 64° .
(iv) Join ' . Then, ∠ ' = 64°
of ∠ ' .
Label the points of intersection as P’ and Q’.
(vi) With ( as centre, draw ( in the interior of ∠ ' )
an arc whose radius is more than half the length ( ( .
(
(vii) With the same radius and with as centre,
draw another arc in the interior of ∠ ' .
Let the two arcs intersect at R.
Then, '# is the bisector of ∠ '
which is also the line of symmetry of ∠ ' as ∠ '# = ∠#' .
Question 4.
Draw a right angle and construct its bisector.
Solution:
(i) Draw a ray OQ.
(iii) Start with 0 near Q. Mark point P at 90° .
(iv) Join ' . Then, ∠ ' = 90°
(v) With 0 as centre and using compass, draw an arc that cuts both rays
of ∠ ' .
Label the points of intersection as ( and ( .
(vi) With ( as centre, draw ( in the interioir of ∠ ' ) an arc whose

radius is more than half the length ( ( .
(
(vii) With the same radius and with as centre, draw another arc in
the interior of ∠ ' .
Let the two arcs intersect at R.
Then, '# is the bisector of ∠ ' .
Question 5.
Draw an angle of 152° and divide it into four equal parts.
Solution:
Steps of construction:
(i) Draw a ray ' .

(iii) Start with 0 near Q. Mark a point P at 152° .
(iv) Join OP. Then, ∠ ' = 152° .
of ∠ ' .
Label the points of intersection as ( and ( .
(vi) With ( as centre, draw ( in the interior of ∠POQ)
an arc whose radius is more than half the length ( ( .
(vii) With the same radius and with ( as centre, draw another arc in the
interior of ∠POQ.
(viii) With O as centre and using compasses, draw an arc that cuts both
rays of ∠#' .
Label the points of intersection as B and A.
(ix) With A as centre, draw ( in the interior of ∠#' ) an arc whose

radius is more than half the length AB.
(x) With the same radius and with B as centre, draw another arc in the
interior of ∠#' .
Let the two arcs intersect at S. Then, '1 is the bisector of ∠#' .
(xi) With O as centre and using compass, draw an arc that cuts both rays
of ∠ '#.
Label the points of intersection as D and C.
(xii) With C as centre, draw ( in the interior of ∠ '#) an arc whose
radius is more than half the length CD.
(xiii) With the same radius and with D as centre, draw another arc in the
interior of ∠ '#.
Let the two arcs intersect at T.
Then, '2 is the bisector of ∠ '#.
Thus, '1, '# and '2 divide ∠ ' = 152° into four equal parts.
Question 6.
Draw an angle of measure 45° and bisect it.
Solution:
(i) Draw a straight line BC.

(ii) With B as a centre and any suitable radius, draw an arc to meet BC at
E.
(iii) With E as centre and same radius draw an arc to meet the previous
arc at G.
(iv) With G and F as centre and same radius draw another arc to meet
the first arc at H.
(v) With H and E as centre draw two arcs of equal radiuus less than 12
GE.
(vi) Cutting each other at J joines BJ and produce it to D.
(vii) With L and E as centre draw two arcs of equal radius less than 12
LE.
(viii) Cutting each other at K joined BK and produce it to I.
(ix) Measuring angle ∠3 = 22.5°
Mental Maths
Question 1.
(i) A ruler is used to draw line and to measure their ………
(ii) A divider is used to compare …………
(iii) A compass is used to draw circles or arcs of …………
(iv) A protractor is used to draw and measure ……..
(v) The set squares are two triangular pieces having angles of ……..
and…….
(vi) To bisect a line segment of length 7 cm, the opening of the’ compass
should be more than……….
(vii) The perpendicular bisector of a line segment is also its line of
……….
Solution:
(i) A ruler is used to draw line and to measure their lengths.
(ii) A divider is used to compare lengths of line segments.
(iii) A compass is used to draw circles or arcs of circles.
(iv) A protractor is used to draw and measure angles.
(v) The set squares are two triangular pieces having angles of
45° , 65° , 75° and 89° , 89° , 75° .
(vi) To bisect a line segment of length 7 cm, the opening of the’ compass
should be more than 3.5 c.m.
(vii) The perpendicular bisector of a line segment is also its line of
Symmetry.
Question 2.
(i) There is only one set square in a geometry box.

(ii) An Angle can be copies with the help of a ruler and compass.
(iii) The perpendicular bisector of a line segment can be drawn by paper
folding.
(iv) Perpendicular to a line from a given point not on it can be drawn by
paper folding.
(v) A 45° − 45° − 90° set square and a protractor have the same
number of line(s) of symmetry.
Solution:
(i) There is only one set square in a geometry box. False

(ii) An Angle can be copies with the help of a ruler and compass. True
(iii) The perpendicular bisector of a line segment can be drawn by paper
folding. True
(iv) Perpendicular to a line from a given point not on it can be drawn by
paper folding. True
(v) A 45° − 45° − 90° set square and a protractor have the same
number of line(s) of symmetry. True
Choose the correct answer from the given four Options ( 3 to 13):
Question 3.
A circle of any radius can be constructed with the help of a:
(a) ruler
(b) divider
(c) compass
(d) Protractor
Solution:
(c) compass
Question 4.
The instrument in a geometry box having the shape of a semicircle is :
(a) Ruler
(b) Divider
(c) Compass
(d) Protractor
Solution:
(d) Protractor
It is used to draw or measure angles.
Question 5.
The instrument to measure an angle is
(a) ruler
(b) Protractor
(c) divider
(d) Compass
Solution:
(b) Protractor
Question 6.
Which of the following angles cannot be constructed using ruler and
compaas ?
(a) 15°
(b) 45°
(c) 75°
(d) 85°
Solution:
(d) 85°
Question 7.
The number of perpendiculars that can be drawn to a line from a point
not on it is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) infinitely many
Solution :
1 (a)
Question 8.
The number of perpendicular bisectors that can be drawn of a given line
segment is :
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) infinitely many
Solution:
(b) 1
Question 9.
The number of lines of symmetry in a picture of a divider is : The
number of lines of symmetry in a picture of compass is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4
Solution:
(b) 1
Question 10.
The number of lines of symmetry in a picture of compass is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) none of these
Solution:
(a) 0
Question 11.
The number of lines of symmetry in a ruler is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4
Solution :
(c) 2
Question 12.
The number of lines of symmetry in a 30° − 60° − 90° set square is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
Solution:
(a) 0
Question 13.
The number of lines of symmetry in a protractor is
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) more than 2
Solution:
(b) 1
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Draw a line segment AB = 5.4 cm. Construct a perpendicular at A by
using ruler and compass.
Solution:
1. Draw AB = 5.4 cm.
2. With any radius draw an arc which cuts Ab at M.
3. With M as centre and the same radius cut the previous arc at N and P.
4. With N and P as centres draw arcs which intersect at L.
Join AL.
5. AL is required perpendicular.
ML Aggarwal Class 6 Solutions for ICSE Maths Chapter 13 Practical

Geometry Check Your Progress
Question 2.
Draw a line segment PQ = 6.8 cm. Draw a perpendicular to it from a
point A outside PQ by using ruler and compass.
Solution:
1. Draw a line segment PQ = 6.8 cm and take a point A outside PQ.
2. With A as centre and any suitable radius, draw an arc to cut line PQ at
point C and D.
3. With C and D as centres, draw two arcs of equal radius cutting each
other at B on the other side of line PQ.
4. Join AB to meet the line PQ at M.
Question 3.
Draw a line segment of length 6.5 cm and construct its axis of
symmetry.
Solution:
1. Draw a line segment of length 6.5 cm.

2. With A as centre, using a compass, draw a circle. The radius of this
circle should be more than half of the length of .
3. With the same radius and with B as centre, draw another circle using a
compass.
Let it cut the previous circle at C and D.
4. Join CD. Then, is the axis of symmetry of .
Question 4.
Draw ∠ ' = 76° with help of a protractor. Bisect this angle by using
ruler and compass. Measure the two parts by your protractor and see
how accurate you are.
Solution:
1. Draw a line segment OB.
2. Construct ∠ ' with the help of protector = 76°
3. With the help of compass and O as centre draw an arc meeting OB
and OA at P and Q respectively.
4. With P and Q as centre and radius more than PQ draw two arcs
meeting each other at R.
5. OD is the bisector of ∠ ' .

6. On measuring ∠ ' = ∠ ' = 38° .
Question 5.
By using and compass, construct an angle of 135° and bisect it.
Measure any one part by protractor and see how accurate you are.
Solution:
1. Draw a line OB with help of ruler.
2. With O as a centre and any suitable radius draw an arc to meet OB at
S.
3. With S as a centre and same radius draw an arc to meet the previous
arc at L.
With L as centre and same radius draw another arc M.
Again M as centre draws another arc to meet the first arc at N.
4. With M and N as centres draw two arcs of equal radius <> 1>?
cutting each other at A.
5. Join OA intersecting the radius at point Q.

6. Now taking Q and M as a centres
draw two arcs of equal radius cutting each other at P.
7. Join PO.
8. Measuring the ∠ ' with protractor we get ∠ ' equal to 135° .
9. Taking S and R as a centres draw two arcs cutting each other at T.
Join TO.
10. ∠2' is the bisector of ∠ ' . ∠2' = ∠2' = 67.5° .
Chapter 14
Mensuration
Exercise 14.1
Question 1.
Find the perimeter of each of the following figures:
Solution:
Perimeter = Sum of all the sides.

(i) Perimeter = 5 cm + 3 cm + 2 cm + 7 cm = 17 cm
(ii) Perimeters = 31 cm + 38 cm + 48 cm + 38 cm = 155cm
(iii) Perimeters = 19 cm + 19 cm + 19 cm + 19 cm = 76 cm
(iv) Perimeter = 7 cm + 7 cm + 7 cm + 7 cm + 7 cm = 35 cm
Question 2.
Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes :
(i) A triangle of sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm.
(ii) A equilateral triangle of side 11 cm.
(iii) An equilateral triangle of side 11 cm.
(iv) An isosceles triangle with equal side 10 cm each and third side 7
cm.
Solution:
(i) Perimeter of the triangle with sides 3cm, 4 cm and 6 cm
= 3 cm + 4 cm + 6 cm
= 13 cm
(ii) Perimeter of the triangle with sides 7 cm, 5.4 cm, 10.2 cm
= 7 cm + 5.4 cm + 10.2 cm
= 22.6 cm
(iii) Perimeter of an equilateral triangle

= 3 × length of a side
= 3 × 11 cm
= 33 cm
(iv) Perimeter of isosceles triangle

= 10 cm + 10 cm + 7 cm
= 27 cm
Question 3.
The lid of a rectangular box of side 40cm by 10 cm is sealed all round
with tape. What is the length of the tape required ?
Solution:
Length of the tape required
= Perimeter of the rectangular box
=2× ℎ+ ℎ
= 2 × 40 + 10
= 2 × ( 50 cm)
= 100 cm
= 1m
Question 4.
Table- Top measures 2m 25 cm by 1m 50 cm. What is the perimeter of
the table-top ?
Solution:
Perimeter of the table-top
=2× ℎ+ ℎ
= 2 × 2 25 + 1 50
= 2 × ( 3.75m)
= 7.5 m
Question 5.
A rectangular piece of land measures 0.7km by 0.5 km. Each side is to

be fenced with 4 rows of wires. What is the length of the wire needed ?
Solution:
Perimeter of the rectangle
=2× ℎ+ ℎ
= 2 × 0.7 + 0.5
= 2 × (.2 km)
= 2.4 km
Length of the wire needed
=4× ℎ
= 4 × 2.4
= 9.6 km
Question 6.
Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with each side measuring 7.5 m.
Solution:
The Perimeter of a regular hexagon
= 6 × Length of a side
= 6 × 7.5 m
= 45 m
Question 7.
The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 12 cm and 14 cm. The
perimeter of the triangle is 36 cm. What is the length of its third side ?
Solution :
Perimeter of a triangle = 12 cm + 14 cm + l
⇒ 36 cm = 12 cm + 14 cm + l
⇒ 36 cm = 26 cm + l
⇒ l = 36 cm – 26 cm
⇒ l = 10cm
Question 8.
The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 cm. How long is its each side
?
Solution:
Perimeter of the regular pentagon = 5 × Length of a side
⇒ Lengt of one (each) side
!"#$!%!" &' %(! "!)*+," -!.%,)&.
=
/
011
=
/
= 20 cm
Question 9.
A piece of string is 30 cm long. what will be the length of each side if
the string is used to form :
(a) a square ?
(b) an equilateral triangle ?
(c) a regular hexagon ?
Solution:
(a) Perimeter of the square = 4 × Length of a side
⇒ Length of a side
!"#$!%!" &' %(! 23*,"! 51

= =
4 4
= 7.5 cm
(b) Perimeter of the equilateral triangle = 3 × Length of a side

⇒ Length of a side
!"#$!%!" &' %(! 6789:;<6=;: <=9;>?:6 51

= =
5 5
= 10 cm
(c) Perimeter of the regular hexagon = 6 × ℎ @

⇒ ℎ @
!"#$!%!" &' %(! "!)*+," (!A,)&.
=
B
51
= cm
B
= 5cm
Question 10.
Find the cost of fencing a rectangular park of length 225 m and breadth
115m at the rate of ₹ 13 per metre.
Solution:
Perimeter of the rectangular park
=2× ℎ+ ℎ
= 2 × 225 + 115
= 2 × 340
= 680m
∴ Cost of fencing the rectangular park at the rate of
∴ Cost of fencing the rectangular park ₹ 13 per metre
= ₹13 × 680m
= ₹8840
Question 11.
Meera went to a rectangular park 140m long and 90m wide. She took 5
complete rounds on its boundary. What is the distance covered by her ?
Solution:
Length (l) = 140 m
Width (b) = 90 m
∴ Perimeter of park = 2 + E
= 2 140 + 90
= 2 230
= 460m
She takes 5 complete round,
therefore distance covered by her = 5 × 460 m = 2300m
Question 12.
Pinky runs 8 times around a rectangular park with length 80m and
breadth 55m while Pankaj runs 7 times around a square park of side 75
cm. Who covers more distance and by how much ?
Solution:
Perimeter of rectangular park = 2 × ℎ+ ℎ
= 2 × 80 + 55
= 270 m
Pinky runs 8 times = 8 × 270 = 2160m

And, perimeter of square park = 4 × Length of a side =
= 4 × 75
= 300
Pankaj runs 7 times = 7 × 300 = 2100
∴ Pinky covers more distance i.e., 2160 – 2100 = 60m
Exercise 14.2
Question 1.
Find the area of the region enclosed by the following figures by counting
squares :
Solution:
(i) Cover Number estimate Area
(a) Full-filled squares 9 9 sq. units
(b) Half-filled squares ____ _____
(c) More than half-filled ____ _____
squares
(d) Less than half-filled ____ _____
squares
∴ Total area of the figure
= 9 sq. units
(ii) Cover Number estimate Area
(a) Full-filled squares 5 5 sq. units
(b) Half-filled squares ____ _____
(c) More than half-filled ____ _____
squares
(d) Less than half-filled ____ _____
squares
∴ Total area of the figure
= 5 sq. units
(iii) Fill-filled squares = 10

∴ Total Area = Area covered by full squares
= 10 × 1 sq. unit = 10 sq. units
(iv) Full-filled squares = 4

Half-filled squares = 4
Area covered by full squares = 4 × 1 sq. unit = 4 sq. units
Area covered by half squares = 4 × 12 sq. units = 2 sq. units
∴ Total area = 4 sq. units + 2 sq. units = 6 sq. units
(v) Full- fulled squares = 2

Half –filled squares = 4
0
Area covered by half squares = 4 × sq. unit = 2 sq. units
I
∴ Total area = 2 sq. units + 2 sq. units = 4 sq. units.
(vi) Full- fulled squares = 3

Half –filled squares = 6
Area covered by half squares = 6 × 12 sq. unit = 3 sq. units
∴ Total area = 3 sq. units + 3 sq. units = 6 sq. units.
Question 2.
Find the area of the following closed figures by counting squares :
Solution:
Cover Number estimate Area
(a) Full-filled squares 4 4 × 1 sq. unit
= 4 sq. units
(b) half filled squares ______ __________

(c) More than half-filled 4 4 × 1 sq. unit
squares = 4 sq. units
(d) Less than half-filled _________ _______

squares
∴ Total area = 4 sq. units + 4 sq. unit = 8 sq. units
(ii) Cover Number estimate Area
(a) Full-filled 6 6 × 1 sq. unit

(b) Half-filled ______ _____

squares
(c) More than half- 8 8 × 1 sq. unit

filled squares = 8 sq. units
(d) Less than half-filled _______ _____

squares
∴ Total area = 6 sq. units + 8 sq. units = 14 sq. units
(iii) Cover Number estimate Area
(a) Full
(a) Full-filled 9 9 × 1 sq. unit

(b) Half-filled ___ ____
squares
(c) More than half-filled 9 9 × 1 sq. unit

(d) Less than half-filles 4 _______

squares
∴ Total area = 9 sq. units + 9 sq. unit = 18 sq. units
Question 3.
Find the areas of the rectangles whose lengths and breadths are :
(i) 9m and 6m
(ii) 17m and 3m
(iii) 14 m and 4m
Which one has the largest area and which one has the smallest area ?
Solution:
(i) Area of the rectangle = Length × Bredth = 9m × 6 = 54 @K.
(ii) Area of the rectangle =Length × ℎ
= 17 ×3 = 51 @K.
(iii) Area of the rectangle = Length × ℎ
= 14 m × 4m = 56 sq. m.
The rectangle (iii) has the largest area and rectanlge (ii) smallest area.
Question 4.
Find the areas of the rectangles whose two adjacent sides are:
(i) 14 cm and 23 cm
(ii) 3 km and 4 km
(iii) 2m and 90 cm
Solution:
(i) 14 cm and 23 cm
Area of the rectangle = Length × Breadth
= 14 cm × 23 cm
= 322 sq. cm
(ii)3 km and 4 km
Area of the rectangle = Length × Breadth
= 3 km × 4 km
= 12 sq. km
(iii) 2m and 90 cm
90 cm = 0.9 cm
Area of the rectangle = × E
=2 × 0.9
= 1.8 sq. m
Question 5.
Find the areas of the squares whose sides are:
(i) 8 cm
(ii) 14m
(iii) 2m 50 cm
Solution:
(i) 8 cm
Area of the square = Side × Side = 8 cm × 8 cm = 64 sq. cm
(ii) 14 m
Area of the square = Side × Side
= 14m × 14m
= 196 sq. m
(iii) 2m 50 cm
/1
50 cm = = 0.5m
011
∴ Side = 2. 5 m
Area of the square = Side × Side = 2.5 m × 2.5
= 6.25sq. m
Question 6.
A room is 4m long and 3m 25 cm wide. How many square metres of
carpet is needed to cover the floor of the room ?
Solution:
Length of the room = 4m
Breadth of the room = 3m 25 cm = 3.25m
∴ Area of the room = Length × ℎ
= 4 × 3.25
= 13 sq. m
Hence, 13 square metres of carpet is needed to cover the floor of the
room.
Question 7.
What is the cost of tiling a rectangular field 500 m long and 200m wide
at the rate of ₹ 7.5 per hundred square metres ?
Solution:
Length of the rectangular field = 500m
Breadth of the rectangular field = 200m
∴ Area of the rectangular field = Length × Breadth
= 500m × 200m = 10000 sq.m.
∵ Cost of tiling 100 sq.m. = ₹7.5
M./
∴ Cost of tiling 1 sq. m = ₹
011
∴ Cost of tiling 100000 sq. m = ₹7.5100 × 100000 = ₹7500

Question 8.
A floor is 5m long and 4m wide. A square carpet of sides 3m is laid on
the floor. Find the area of the floor that is not carpeted.
Solution:
Length of the floor = 5m
Breadth of the floor = 4m
∴ Area of the floor = Length × Breadth = 5m × 4 = 20 @K

Area of the square carpet = Side × Side = 3m × 3m = 9 sq m
∴ Area of the floor that is not carpeted = 20 sq m - 9 sq m = 11 sqm
Question 9.
In the given figure, find the area of the path ( Shown shaded) which is
2m wide all around.
Solution:
length of field = 100m
Breadth of field = 60 m
Area of the field = ×
I
= 100 × 60 = 6000
Length of field exclude path = 100 – ( 2 + 2 ) = 96 m
Breadth of field exclude path = 60 – ( 2 + 2 ) = 56
I
Area of field exclude path = × = 96 × 56 = 5376
Area of path = Area of field – Area of field exclude path
= 6000 – 5376
= 624 sq. m
Question 10.
four square flower beds of side 1m 50cm are dug on a rectangular piecs
of land 8m long and 6m 50 cm wide. What is the area of the remaining
part of the land ?
Solution:
I I
Area of 1 square flower bed = = 1.5 × 1.5 = 2.25
I
Area of 4 square flower bed = 4 × 2.25 = 9
Length of land = 8m
Breadth of land = 6.5m
I
Area of land = × E = 8 × 6.5 = 52
Area of remaining part of bed = 52 – 9 = 43 sq.m
Question 11.
How many tiles whose length and breadth are 12cm and 5cm
respectively will be needed to cover a rectangular region whose length
and breadth are respectively :
(i) 70 cm and 36 cm
(ii) 144 cm and 1 m
Solution:
(i) Length (l) of tile = 12 cm
breadth (b) of tile = 5 cm
I
Area of tile = × E = 12 ×5 = 60
Length (l) of rectangular region = 70 cm
breadth (b) of rectangular region = 36cm
I
Area of rectangular region = × E = 70 × 36 = 2520
I
If 60 area is covered then tile required = 1
I I
If 2520 area is covered then tile required is = 160cm × 2520
= 42
Hence, 42 tiles are required.
I
(ii) Area of the tile = 60 @ E ]
Length (l) of rectangular region = 1m = 100 cm
breadth (b) of rectangular region = 144 cm
I
Area of rectangular region = 100cm × 144 = 14400
I
if 60 are is covered then tile required = 1
I
If 14400 is covered then tile required
0 I
= cm × 2520 = 240
B1
Hence, 240 tiles are required.
Question 12.
The area of a rectangular polt is 340 sq. m. If its breadth 17m, find its
length and the perimeter.
Solution:
I
Area of plot A = 340
Length (l) = ?
Area = l × E
= 340 = l × 17
541
=
0M
= l = 20
Length = 20m
Perimeter = 2 + E
= 2 20 + 17
= 2 ( 37)
= 74m
Question 13.
If the area of a rectangular plot is 144 sq. m and its length is 16 m. Find
the breadth of the plot and the cost of fencing it at the rate of ? 6 per
meter.
Solution:
I
Area of plot = 144
Length (l) = 16m
Breadth (b) = ?
Area = ×E
⇒ 144 = 16 × E
044
⇒ =b
0B
⇒ b = 9m
Cost of fencing is ₹ 6 per metre
Perimeter of field = 2 + E = 2 16 + 9 = 50 m
Cost of fencing = 50 × 6 = ₹300
Question 14.
Split the following shapes into rectangles and find their areas. ( The
measure are given in centimetres).
Solution:
(a) The given figure is split into 2 rectangles.
Length of Part I = 12cm

Breadth of Part I = 2 cm
I I
Area of Part I = Length × Breadth = ( 12 × 2) = 24
Length of Part II = 8 cm
Breadth of Part II = 2 cm
I I
Area of Part II = ×E= 8 ×2 = 16
∴ Total area = Area of part I + Area of Part II
I
= 24 + 16
I
= 40
(b) The given figure is divided into 5 parts
Here length of all the rectangles = 7cm

and breadth of all the rectangles = 7cm
I
Area = × E = 7 × 7 = 49
Total rectangles = 5
I I
∴ Total area = 5 × 49 = 245
(c) The given figure is divided into 2 rectangles
Length of 1st part = 4 cm

Breadth of IInd part = 1 cm
I
Area = × E = 4 × 1 = 4
Length of IInd part = 5 cm
Breadth of IInd part = 1 cm
I
Area = × E = 5 × 1 = 5
I I I
∴ Total area = 4 + 5 = 9
Mental Maths
Question 1.
(i) The perimeter of a closed plane figure is the length of its …….
(ii) The unit of measurement of perimeter is same as that of ………
(iii) If the side of a rhombus is 7 cm then its perimeter is………..
(iv) The area of a closed plane figure is measured in………
Solution:
(i) The Perimeter of a closed plane figure is the length of its boundary.
(ii) The unit of measurement of perimeter is same as that of length.
(iii) If the side of a rhombus is 7cm then its perimeter is 4 × 7 cm = 28
cm.
(iv) The area of a closed plane figure is measured in sq. units.
Question 2.
(i) Centimetre is the unit of area.
(ii) The sum of lengths of a polygon is called its area.
(iii) If the sides of a rectangle are given in centimetres, then its perimeter
is measures in sqaure centimeters.
(iv) if the side of a sqaure is doubled, then its perimeter is also doubled.
(v) If the side of a square is doubles, then its area is also doubled.
(vi) To find the cost of fencing a field, we find its perimeter.
Solution:
(i) Centimetre is the unit of area. False
(ii) The sum of lengths of a polygon is called its area. False
(iii) If the sides of a rectangle are given in centimetres, then its
perimeter is measured in square centimetres. False
(iv) If the side of a square is doubled, then its perimeter is also doubled.
False
(v) If the side of a square is doubled, then its area is also doubled. False
(vi) To find the cost of constructiong a road, we find its area. True
(vii) To find the cost of fencing a field, we find its perimeter. True

Choose the correct answer from, the given four options ( 3 to 15):
Question 3.
If the perimeter of a square is 50cm, then its side is
(a) 200 cm
(b) 150 cm
(c) 25cm
(d) 12.5 cm
Solution:
Perimeter of a square = 50cm
⇒ 4 × length of a side = 50 cm
/1
⇒ length of a side = = 12.5
4
Question 4.
The area of the rectangle with length 25 cm and breadth 12 cm is
(a) 300 sq. m
(b) 74 cm
(c) 300 sq. cm.
(d) 74 sq. cm
Solution:
Length = 25cm
Breadth = 12 cm
Area = Length × Breadth
= 25 cm × 12
= 300 sq. cm (c)
Question 5.
If the perimeter of a square is 36 cm, then its area is
(a) 6 sq. cm
(b) 18 sq. cm
(c) 81 sq. cm
Solution:
Perimeter of a square = 36 cm
⇒ 4 × length of a side = 36
⇒ length of a side = 364 = 9 cm
I
Area of a square = ℎ @
I
= 9
I
= 81
Question 6.
If the area of rectangular plot is 180 sq. m. and its length is 15m, then its
breadth is
(a) 12m
(b) 12 cm
(c) 60m
(d) 9m
Solution:
Length = 15m
Breadth = x
Area of rectangle = 180 sq.m
Length × Breadth = 18 0 sq. m
0a1
Breadth = = 12m (a)
0/
Question 7.
If the length and the breadth of a rectangle are doubled, then its
perimeter
(a) remains the same
(b) doubles
(c) becomes four times
(d) becomes half
Solution:
Let the length of rectangle = 1
Let the breadth of rectangle = b
Perimeter = 2 + E
If length and breadth are doubles then
Length = 2l
Breadth = 2b
Perimeter = 2 2 + 2E = 2 × 2 + E
Hence perimeter becomes doubles . (b)
Question 8.
If the length and the breadth of a rectangular are doubled then its area
(a) remains same
(b) becomes half
(c) doubles
(d) becomes four times.
Solution:
If length = x
and breadth = y
Then area of rectangle = b × c = bc
And if length and breadth are doubled
i.e. length = 2x and breadth = 2y
Then area of rectangle becomes = 2b × 2c = 4bc
Hence, it shows that the area of rectangle becomes four times. (d)
Question 9.
If the sides ofa square are halved, then its area
(a) remains same
(b) becomes half
(c) becomes one-fourth
(d) doubles
Solution:
Let us assume side of a square = x cm
I
∴d = b = bI I
and if we half the side

∴ New side of a square = b I cm
Ae I
∴ Area =
4
Hence, it shows if side of square are halved,
then its area become one-fourth. (c)
Question 10.
A square-shaped park. ABCD of side 100m has two equal flower beds of
size 10m × 5m as show in the given figure.The perimeter of the
remaining park is
(a) 340 m
(b) 370 m
(c) 400 m
(d) 430 m
Solution:
Perimeter of square = 4 × f
=4×f
= 4 × 100
= 400m (c)
Question 11.
In the given figure, a square of side 1 cm is joined to a square of side 3
cm. The perimeter of the new figure is
(a) 13 cm
(b) 14 cm
(c) 15 cm
(d)) 16 cm
Solution :
The given figure is
Perimeter = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FG + GA
As we know all the sides of square are equal
∴ AB = BC = CD = DA = 3cm
Also, ED = DG = GF = FE = 1 cm
But in perimeter we need AG
AG = AD – GD = 3cm – 1cm = 2cm
Hence perimeter = ( 3 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 1 +2)cm = 14 cm(b)
Question 12.
Two regular hexagons of perimeter 300 cm each are joined as shown in
the given figure. The perimeter of the new figure is
(a) 65 cm
(b) 60 cm
(c) 55 cm
(d) 50 cm
Solution:
As per given figure,
Perimeter = 30 cm
51
∴ Side = = 5 cm
B
Hence, remaining perimeter
= d + g + gh + hi + ij + jk + kl + lm + mn + nd
= 5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5+5
= 50 cm (d)
Question 13.
If the area of a square is numerically equal to its perimeter, then the
length of each side is
(a) 1 unit
(b) 2 units
(c) 3 units
(d) 4 units
Solution:
Let the side of the square be s
I
∴ Area = @ = @I
And perimeter = 4 × length of the side = 4s
But, we have, area = perimeter
∴ @ I = 4s
⇒ s=4
∴ The length of each side is 4 units (d).
Question 14.
If a ribbon of length 10m is stitched around a rectangular table cloth
making 2 rounds along its boundary, then the perimeter of the table cloth
is
(a) 20m
(b) 10m
(c) 5m
(d) 2.5 m
Solution:
Length of the Ribbon = 10m
As per the question,
the ribbon of length is sitched around a rectangular table
∴ Perimeter of the table cloth
+!.)%( &' %(! "#oo&.
=
I
01
= = 5m ..(c)
I
Question 15.
A picture is 60 cm wide and 1.8m long. The ratio of its width to its
perimeter in lowest form is
(a) 1 :2
(b) 1 : 3
(c) 1 : 6
(d) 1 : 8
Solution :
Width of picture = 60 cm
Length = 1.8m = 180cm
Perimeter = 2 + E = 2 60 + 180
= 2 ( 240)
= 480 cm
B1 0
Ratio = = = 1 : 8 (d)
4a1 a
Question 1.
How many envelopes of size 25cm × 15 cm can be made from a
rectangular sheet of size 4m × 1.2m ?
Solution:
size of envelope = 25 cm × 15 cm
I I
Area of envelope = 25 × 15 = 375
size of rectangular sheet = 4m × 1.2 m
Area of rectangular sheet = 400 cm × 120 cm
I
= 48000
p"!, &' "!q%,.)+!

No. of envelopes =
p"!, &' !.r!+&-!
4a111
=
5M/
= 128 envelopes
Question 2.
The perimeter of a rectangle is 36cm. What will be length and breadth (
in natural number) of that rectangle whose area is
(i) maximum ?
(ii) minimum ?
Solution:
(i) When area is maximum Then, 1 = 9cm, b = 9cm
(ii) When area is minimum Then, 1 = 17cm b = 1 cm
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
Look at the given figure and fill in the following blanks:
(i) The contribution in estimation of given area due to completely

covered squares is
(ii) The contribution in estimation of given area due to more than half
covered squares is
(iii) The contribution in estimation of given area due to exactly half
covered square, is
(iv) The contribution in estimation of given area due to less than half
covered squares is
(v) The total estimated area is
Solution:
(i) The contribution in estimation of given area due to completely
covered squares is 2 sq. units
(ii) The contribution in estimation of given area due to more than half
covered squares is 2 sq. units.
(iii) The contribution in estimation of given area due to exactly half
covered square is 3 sq. units.
(iv) The contribution in estimation of given area due to less than half
covered squares is 0 sq. units.
(v) The totla estimated area is 7 sq. units.
Question 2.
The perimeter of a square ABCD is twice the perimeter of ∆PQR. Find
the area of the square ABCD.
Solution :
Perimeter of ∆PQR = 6cm + 5cm + 7cm = 18 cm
Perimeter of square = 2 × 18 = 36cm
Side of square = ?
4 × side = 36
5B
⇒ Side = =9
4
I I I
Area of square = f = 9 = 81
Question 3.
A wire is in the shape of a square of side 10cm. If the wire is rebent into
a rectangle of length 12 cm, find its breadth. Which encloses more area,
the square or the rectangle and by how much ?
Solution:
Side of square = 10cm
Perimeter of square = 4 × 10cm = 40cm
Perimeter of rectangular = 2 +E
⇒ 40 cm = 2 ( 12 cm + b)
⇒ 40 cm = 24cm + 2b
⇒ 2b = 40 cm – 24cm
⇒ 2b = 16 cm
0B
⇒ b=
I
⇒ b = 8 cm
I I I
Area of square = = 10 = 100
I
Area of rectangular = × E = 12 × 8 = 96
I I I
Area of square is more and it is = 100 - 96 =4
Question 4.
A rectangular room is 9m long and 6m wide. Find the cost of covering
the floor with carpet 2m wide at ₹35 per metre.
Solution:
Length of room = 9m
Width of room = 6m
I
Area of room = 1 × E = 9 × 6 = 54
Width of carpet = 2m
I
Area of carpet = 54
Length = ?
/4
Length of carpet = = 27m
I
Cost of covering = ₹35 × 27 m = ₹945
Question 5.
If the cost of fencing a square plot at the rate of ₹2.50 per metre is ₹200,
then find the length of each side of the fileld.
Solution:
Total cost of fencing a square plot = ₹200
Rate of fencing = ₹2.50
t&%,+ q,2! I11
∴ Perimeter of square = = = 80m
u,%! I./1
Since, we knoe that,

Perimeter of square = 4a
⇒ 80m = 4a
⇒ = 20
∴ Length of a square plot = 20 m
Question 6.
If the cost of fencing a rectangular park at the rate of ₹7.50 per metreis
₹600 and the length of the park is 24m, find the breadth of the park.
Solution:
Cost of fencing a rectangular park = ₹600
Rate of fencing = ₹7.50
B11
Perimeter of a park = Total cost Rate = = 80m
M./
Length of the park = 24cm

Let breadth of the park = b
∴ Perimeter of a square = 80m
⇒ 2 + E = 80
⇒ 2 24 + E = 80
⇒ 24 + E = 80
⇒ E = 40 – 24m
∴ b = 16m
Question 7.
By splitting the following figures into rectangle, find their areas ( The
measures are given in centimeters).
Solution:
(a) Area of the figure,
= 3 × 1 + 3 × 1 + 3 × 1 @K m
= 3 + 3 + 3 @K m
= 9 sq m
(b) Area of the figure,

= 3 × 3 + 1 × 2 + 3 × 3 + 4 × 2 sq cm
= (9 + 2 + 9 + 8) sq cm
= 28 sq cm
Chapter 15
Data Handeling
Exercise 15.1
Quesstion 1.
Following is the choice of 20 students of class VI of a school :
Banana, Apple, Guava, Orange, Apple, Banana, Orange, Guava, Banana,
Banana, Apple, Banana, Apple, Banana, Orange, Guava, Apple, Banana,
Guava, Banana.
(i) Arrange the name of fruits in a table using tally marks.
(ii) Which fruit is liked by maximum number of students ?
(iii) Which fruit is liked by minimum number of students ?
Solution:
(i)
Name of fruits Tally Marks Frequency ( no. of fruits)
Banana IIII III 8
Apple IIII 5
Guava IIII 4
Orange III 3
Total 20
(ii) Banana
(iii) Orange
Question 2.
In a ready-made garment shop, on a particular day the following sizes of
shirts were sold:
34, 38, 42, 40, 44, 32, 34, 36, 42, 40, 44, 36, 38, 42, 44, 40, 38, 40, 42,
32, 34, 38, 42, 40, 36, 42, 40, 38, 36, 40.
Arrange the above data in ascending order and construct frequency
distribution table. Also answer the following questions :
(i) Which shirt size had the maximum sale ?
(ii) Which shirt size had the maximum sale ?
(iii) The number of shirts sold of size 42 or greater than size 42.
Solution:
Sizes of shirts Tally marks Number of shirts frequency
32 II 2
34 III 3
36 IIII 4
38 IIII 5
40 IIII II 7
42 IIII I 6
44 III 3
Total 30
(i) 40
(ii) 32
(iii) 9
Question 3.
In a Mathematics test, the following marks were obtained by 40
students. Arrange these marks in a table using tally marks.
8 1 3 7 6 5 5 4 4 2
4 9 5 3 7 1 6 5 2 7
7 3 8 4 2 8 9 5 8 6
7 4 5 6 9 6 4 4 6 6
(i) Construct frequency distribution table for the above data.
(ii) Find how many students obtained 7 marks or more than 7 marks.
(iii) How many students obtained marks below 4 ?
Solution:
(i)
Marks Tally Marks
1 II 2
2 III 3
3 III 3
4 IIII II 7
5 IIII I 6
6 IIII II 7
7 IIII 5
8 IIII 4
9 III 3
(ii) 5 + 4 + 3 = 12 students obtained marks equal to or more than 7.

(iii) 3 + 3 + 2 = 8 students obtained marks below 4.
Exercise 15.2
Question 1.
Following pictograph shows the number of tractors in five villages.
Village Number of tractors
= 1 tractor
Village A
Village B
Village C
Village D
Village E
Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions.

(i) Which village has the minimum number of tractors ?
(ii) Which village has the maximum number of tractors ?
(iii) How many more tractors village C has as compared to village B.
(iv) What is the total number of tractor in all the five villages ?
Solution:
(i) Village D has the minimum number of tractors.
(ii) Village C has the maximum number of tractors.
(iii) Village C has 8-5 = 3 more tractors in all the five villages
= 6 + 5 + 8 + 3 + 6 = 28.
Question 2.
The number of girl students in each class of a co-educational middle
school is depicted by the pictograph.
Classes Number of girl student
= 4 girls
I
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
Observe this pictograph and answer the following questions :

(a) Which class has the minimum number of girl students ?
(b) Is the number of girls in Class VI less than the number of girls in
Class V ?
(c) How many girls are there in Class VII ?
Solution:
(a) Class VIII has a minimum number of girl students.
(b) No! the number of girls in class VI is not less than the number of
girls in Class V.
(c) Number of girls in Class VII = 3 × 4 = 12
Question 3.
In a village, the following pictograph shows the number of fruit baskets
sold by six merchants in a particular season :
Number of fruit Number of fruit =100 baskets
merchant basket sold
Roshan lal
Anwar
Rajinder Singh
Vineet
Sunita
Joseph
Observe the above pictograph and answer the following questions:

(i) Which merchant sold the maximum number of baskets ?
(ii) How many baskets were sold by Rajinder Singh ?
Planning to buy a cold store for the next season. Can you name them ?
Solution:
(i) Anwar
(ii) 750
(iii) Anwar, Rajinder Singh and Joseph.
Question 4.
In Gurgaon, the number of cars sold during a particular week was as
follows :
Monday : 80 Thursday : 60
Tuesday : 70 Friday : 70
Wednesday : 90 Saturday : 40
Prepare a pictograph of the sold using a symbol of car representing
10 cars and answer the following queestions :
(i) On which day the maximum number of cars were sold ?
(ii) How many pictures of cars will represent the number of cars sold on
Thursday ?
Solution:
Days Number of cars

= 10
cars
Monday
Tuesday
Thursday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
(i) Wednesday
(ii) 6
Question 5.
Total number of animals in five villages are as follows:
Villages A : 80 Village B : 120
Village C : 90 Village : 40
Village E : 60
Prepare a picograph of these animals using one symbol ® to represent

10 animals and answer the following questions :
(i) How many symbols represent animals of village E ?
(ii) Which village has the maximum number of animals ?
(iii) Which village has more animals : village A or village C ?
Solution:
Village Number of animals ® = 10 animals
A
B
C
D
E
(i) 6
(ii) Village B
(iii) Village C
Exercise 15.3
Question 1.
Observe the adjoining bar graph showing the number of students in a
particular class of a school.
Answer the following questions :

(i) What is the scale of this graph ?
(ii) How many new students are added every year ?
(iii) Is the number of students in the year 2015 is twice than that of in the
year 2012 ?
Solution:
(i) 1 unit height = 10 students
(ii) 10
(iii) Yes
Question 2.
Observe the bar graph given below which is showing the sale of shirts in
a readymade grament shop from Monday to Saturday.
Solution:
Answer the following questions :

(i) What information does the above bar graph give ?
(ii) What is the scale chosen on the horizontal representing number of
shirts ?
(iii) On which day were the maximum number of shirts sold ? How
many shirts were sold on that day ?
(iv) n which day were the minimum number of shirts sold ?
(v) How many shirts were sold on Thursday ?
Soluiton:
(i) The bar graph shows the number of shirts sold from Monday to
Saturday.
(ii) 1 unit length = 5 shirts
(iii) Saturday ; 60
(iv) Tuesday
(v) 35
Question 3.
Make a table corresponding to the following graph :
Solution:
Table showing student’s favourite cricketer.
Cricketer Rohit Dhoni Virat Ashwin
Numbers of 10 16 20 7
Student
Question 4.
The following table shows the number of bicycles manufactured in a
factory during the years 2011 to 2015 . Illustrate this data by using a bar
graph. Choose a scale of your choice.
Years 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Number of 800 600 900 1100 1200
bicycle
manufactured
(i) In which year were the maximum number of bicycles manufactured?

(ii) In which year were the minimum number of bicycles manufactured ?
Solution:
(i) 2015
(ii) 2012
Question.5
Days Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Number 65 40 30 50 20 70
of books
sold
Draw a horizontal bar graph to represent the above information choosing

the scale of your choice.
Solution:
Question 6.
The number of persons in various age ( in years) groups in a town is
given in the following table :
Age 1- 14 15- 29 30 - 44 45 – 59 60 – 74 75 and
group above
Number 2,00,000 1,60,000 1,20,000 80,000 40,000
of
persons
Draw a bar graph to represent the above information and answer the
following questions ( take 1 unit height = 20,000 people ):
(i) Which age groups have same population ?
(ii) All persons in the age group of 60 and above are called senior
citizens. How many senior citizens are there in the town ?
Solution:
(i) 30 – 44 and 45 – 59
(ii) 1,20,000
Exercise 15.4
Question 1.
Find the mean of the following data:
(i) 40, 30, 30, 0, 26, 60
(ii) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15
Solution:
(i) Mean of 40, 30, 30, 0, 26, 60
No. of data (n) = 6
∴ Mean = = = 31
(ii) Mean of 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15

No. of data = 7
!
∴ Mean =
=9
Question 2.
Find the mean of the first five even whole numbers.
Solution:
First even whole numbers are 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
Number of data = 5
∴ Mean =
=4
Question 3.
A batsman scored the following number of runs in six innings :
36, 35, 50, 46, 60, 55
Calculate the mean runs scored by him in an inning.
Solution:
In six innings, run scored was
36, 35, 50, 46, 60, 55
∴ Mean =
= 47
Question 4.
The enrolment in a school for six consecutive years was as follows:
1555, 1670, 1750, 2013, 2540, 2825
Find the mean enrolment of the school for this Period.
Solution:
Enrolment for 6 consecutive years is
1555, 1670, 1750, 2013, 2540, 2825
∴ Mean =
= 2058.83
=2059
Question 5.
The marks ( out of 100) obtained by a group of students in a science test
are:
85, 76, 90, 85, 39, 48, 56, 95, 81, 75
Find the:
(i) Highest and lowest marks obtained by the students.
(ii) mean marks obtained by the students.
Solution:
Marks obtained by a group of students in science test
85, 76, 90, 85, 39, 48, 56, 95, 81, 75
(i) Highest marks obtained = 95
Lowest marks = 39
(ii) Mean marks = ( Here n = 10)
= = 73
Exercise 15.5
Question 1.
Find the median of the following data:
(i) 3, 1, 5, 6, 3, 4, 5
(ii) 3, 1, 5, 6, 3, 4, 5, 6
Solution:
(i) Arrange the data in ascending order
We get 1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6
∴ Median = term
= term
=4 term
(ii) After arranging data, we get

1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6
∴ Median = = = 4.5
Question 2.
Calculate the mean, the median and the mode of the numbers :
1, 3, 2, 6, 2, 3, 1, 3
Solution:
(a) Mean =
=2.625
Hence mean = 2.625
(b) Arranging the given data in ascending order, we get

1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 6
Total number of observations ( items) = 8 ( even).
There are two middle items : - 2 and 3
Their average = = = 2.5
Hence the median of the given numbers = 2.5.
(c) In the given numbers,

3 is repeated more number of time than any other number.
∴ Mode = 3.
Question 3.
Calculate the mean, the median and the mode of the following numbers :
3, 7, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6
Solution:
(a) Mean =
=3.9
Hence the mean = 3.9
(b) Arranging the given data in ascending order, we get,

1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7
Total numbers of observations (items) = 10(even)
There are two middle items = 3 and 4
Their average = = = 3.5
Hence the median of the given numbers = 3.5
(c) In the given numbers 3 is repeated more than any other number
∴ Mode = 3
Mental Maths
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) A …….is a collection of numerical figures to give some information.
(ii) Each numerical figure in a data is called an……….
(iii) The number of times a particular Observation occurs in a data is
called……. of the observation.
(iv) A data arranged in ascending or descending order is called
an………. data.
(v) A pictorial representation of a data is called a……….
(vi) If represent 5 students then represent ……….. students.
(vii) In a pictograph, if one bicycle represents 20 bicyclesthen 140
bicycles can be represented by ……… bicycles.
(viii) In a pictograph, if one electric bulb represents 10 bulbs then the
picture of half a bulb will represent ……….bulbs.
(ix) In a pictograph, if the symbol represents 50 fruits baskets, then
represent………… fruit baskets.
(x) The frequency of 8 is written symbolically as……….. using tally
marks.
(xi) In a bar graph, the bars are of uniform ……….
(xii) The mean of the first 8 natural numbers is ………….
Solution:
(i) A data is a collection of numerical figures to give some information.

(ii) Each numerical figure in a data is called an Observation.
(iii) The number of times a particular Observation occurs in a data is
called frequency of the observation.
(iv) A data arranged in ascending or descending order is called
an arrayed data.
(v) A pictorial representation of a data is called a pictograph.
(vi) If represent 5 students then represent 15 students.
(vii) In a pictograph, if one bicycle represents 20 bicyclesthen 140
bicycles can be represented by 7 bicycles.
(viii) In a pictograph, if one electric bulb represents 10 bulbs then the
picture of half a bulb will represent 5 bulbs.
(ix) In a pictograph, if the symbol represents 50 fruits baskets, then
represent 120 fruit baskets.
(x) The frequency of 8 is written symbolically as IIII III using tally
marks.
(xi) In a bar graph, the bars are of uniform width.
(xii) The mean of the first 8 natural numbers is 4.5 .
Question 2.
(i) If the data is large, it is difficult to get information from raw data.
(ii) Pictographs and bar graphs help us in understanding and analyzing a
data.
(iii) In a bar graph, bars can be drawn either vertically or horizontally.
(iv) In a bar graph, width of a bar has no significance. It is only for eye
attraction.
(v) Usually, the tally marks are recorded in bunches of 5.
(vi) The frequency 9 is represented as filtll using tally marks.
(vii) Mentioning of scale is necessary in pictographs.
(viii) Mean is always one of the number in a given data.
(ix) Median is always one of the numbers in a given data.
Solution:
(i) If the data is large, it is difficult to get information from raw data.
True
(ii) Pictographs and bar graphs help us in understanding and analyzing a

data. True
(iii) In a bar graph, bars can be drawn either vertically or horizontally.

True.
(iv) In a bar graph, bars can be drawn either vertically or horizontally.

True
(v) Usually, the tally marks are recorded in bunches of 5. True
(vi) The frequency 9 is represented as fMI using tally marks. False
(vii) Mentioning of scale is necessary in pictographs. True
(viii) Mean is always one of the number in a given data. False
(ix) Median is always one of the numbers in a given data. False

Observe the following pictograph which shows the number of ice cream
cones sold by school ‘canteen during a week. Choose the correct answer
from the given Options for questions 3 to 7 :
Days Numbers of ice cream
= 2 cones
Mondays
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Question 3.
The minimum number of ice cream cones were sold on:
(a) Monday
(b) Saturday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Thursday
Solution:
(d) Thursday
Question 4.
The maximum number of ice cream cones were sold on:
(a) Tuesday
(b) Friday
(c) Wednesday
(d) Thursday
Solution:
Thursday (a)
Question 5.
Ratio of the number of icecream cones sold on Saturday to the number
of ice cream cones sold on Wednesday is.
(a) 3:2
(b) 2:3
(c) 4:5
(d) 4:7
Solution:
Saturday = 8
Wednesday = 12
⇒ 8 : 12
⇒ 2 : 3 (b)
Question 6.
Total number of ice cream cones sold during the whole week was :
(a) 33
(b) 67
(c) 65
(d) 57
Solution:
Monday = 10
Tuesday = 16
Wednesday = 12
Thursday = 7
Friday = 14
Saturday = 8
Total 67 ice cream (b)
Question 7.
If the cost of one ice cream cone is ₹20, then the sale value on Thursday
was :
(a) ₹70
(b) ₹100
(c) ₹140
(d) ₹1340
Solution:
Number of ice creams sold on Thursday = 7
= ₹20 × 7 = ₹140 (c)
Observe the adjoining bar graph, showing the number of one-day
international matches played by cricket teams of different countries.
Choose the correct answer from the given four Options for questions 8 to
1.
Question 8.
Which country played maximum number of matches ?
(a) India
(b) England
(c) Pakistan
(d) Australia
Solution:
(d) Australia
Question 9.
How many matches did South Africa play ?
(a) 16
(b) 18
(c) 20
(d) 24
Solution:
(b) 18
Question 10.
How many more matches were played by India than Pakistan ?
(a) 6
(b) 12
(c) 24
(d) 30
Solution:
Pakistan = 24
India = 30
∴ 30 – 24 = 6 (a)
Question 11.
Ratio of the number of matches played by India to the number of
matched played by Sri Lanks is
(a) 4 : 5
(b) 5 : 4
(c) 4 : 3
(d) 7 : 6
Solution:
India = 30
Sri lanka = 24
⇒ 30 : 24 = 5 : 4 (b)
Choose the correct answer from the given four options for questions
12 and 13:
Question 12.
The mean of the first 6 odd natural numbers is
(a) 5
(b) 5.5
(c) 6
(d) 6.5
Solution:
First 6 odd natural numbers are:
1, 3, 5, 7 , 9, 11
Mean =
= 6 (c)
Question 13.
The median of the numbers 4, 4, 7, 5, 7, 6, 1, 3 ,11 is
(a) 7
(b) 6
(c) 5
(d) 4
Solution:
Arrange the data in ascending order : 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 1, 11
Total terms = 9
Median = ℎ
= ℎ
= 5th term
= 6 (b)
Check Your Progress
Question 1.
A die is thrown 25 times and the scores were as given below :
2, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5 ,6, 3, 4, 5, 2, 1, 6, 6, 6, 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 2
(i) Construct data array.
(ii) Construct tally chart and frequency distribution table.
Solution:
(i) Data Array is constructed by writing the scores in the ascending
order.
1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6
(ii) Tally chart and frequenct distribution table

Score on the die Tally Marks Frequency
1 III 3
2 IIII III 8
3 IIII 4
4 III 3
5 II 2
6 IIII 5
Total 25
Question 2.
In Primary school, the number of students in different classes are as
follows:
Class I II III IV V
Number 200 180 140 160 120
of student
Represent this data by a pictograph, using ≃ 20 students.

Solution:
The pictograph for the given information is
Class Number of students = 20 students
I
II
III
IV
V
Question 3.
Observe the following bar graph, showing the marks scored by Gurmeet
in the annual examination in different subjects: Answer the following
questions:
(i) What is the scale of this bar graph ?
(ii) In which Subject Gurmeet Obtained maximum marks ?
(iii) In which subject she obtained minimum marks ?
(iv) Name the subject (s) in which she got 80 or more marks.
Solution:
(i) Scale : 1 unit length = 10 marks obtained u io
(ii) Mathematics
(iii) Hindi
(iv) Science and Mathematics
Question 4.
The following table shows the monthly expenditure of a family on
various items :
Items Rent Food Education Transport Miscellaneous
Expenditure 4000 6500 3000 1500 5000
( in ₹)
Represent the data by a bar graph.

Solution:
Question 5.
Find the mean and the median of the following data :
5, 3, 12, 0, 7, 11, 4, 3, 9
Solution:
Mean =
=
=6
Arranging the given data in ascending order : 0, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12,
Middle term is 5
Hence, median of given data is 5.

M. L. Aggarwal Class 6

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Chapter 1

Knowing Our Numbers

2. Fill in the blanks :

(ii) 180018018 = 18,00,18,018

(ii) 180018018 = 18,00,18,018

5. Write the following numbers in Figures :

Question 9: Determine the difference of the place value of two 7’s in

Question 10 : Write all possible 2-digit numbers that can be formed by

Question 14 : Rearrange the digits of the number 5701024 to get the

(ii) The smallest 4-digit numbers = 1004

The number to be subtracted from first number to obtain the resultant

Money left with merchant

Question 1. Round off each of the following numbers to their nearest

(iii) 1,08,734 – 47,599

(ii) 5,290 + 17,986

(iii) 796 – 314

(iv) 28,292 – 21,496

(ii) 1387 × 888

(ii) The smallest 4-digit number -1 = the greatest 3- digit number.

(iv) In the Internation system, a numbe having less number of digits is

(v) The estimated value of 9999 to the nearest tens is 10000.

(iii) The place of a digit is independent of whether the number is written

(iv) In the Internation system, a numbe having less number of digits is

(v) The estimated value of 9999 to the nearest.

Thousand Hundred Tens Ones

Question 2: Insert commas suitably and write the number 30189301 in

Hence, 87 uniforms can be stiched 75 cm cloth will remain extra.

A Van can 1c d 177 boxes of medicines.

(ii) Hundreds ( 6554 – 677)

(iii) Greatest places ( 6554 – 677 )

(ii) 723 + 834 + 66 + 277

(iii) 78, 203, 435, 7197, 422

(iii) 37 × 24 = 37 × 18 + 37 × …….. (Distributive law of

(iv) 7205 × 1 = 7205 = 1 × 7205

(ii) 625 × 239 × 16 = 625 × 16 × 239

(iii) 125 × 40 × 8 × 25 = 125 × 8 × 40 × 25

(ii) 60678 × 262 – 60678 × 162

(iii) 1005 × 188

On dividing 7750 by 17, we get

On dividing 1000 by 53, we get quotient = 18 and remainder = 46. To

On dividing 999 by 47, we get

On dividing 10000 by 254, we get

So 254 – 94 = 160 should be added to 10000 to get the smallest 5 digit

∴ 10000 + 160 = 10160

(ii) 7501 + 99999

(iv) 25718 – 9999

(v) 123 × 999

(vi) 203 × 9999

(ii) 7th triangular number = ?

Fourth triangular number = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

(ii) 777 + 546 + 1463 + 223 + 537

(ii) 370 × 1587 – 37 ×10 × 587

(i) -7, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3

After moving 6 units to the right -1, we reach at 5.

(iii) |−11| + |9|

(iv) |−8| + |−6|

(ii) Start from -4 on the number line.

(ii) -35 + (-47)

(ii) 706 + (-394)

(i) Additive inverse of 9 = (-9) = -9

(ii) Start from -4 on the number line.

(iv) Start from -3 on the number line.

(ii) -346 – ( -1275)