‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

STATICS
(ENGINEERING MECHANICS-I)

LECTURE # 19
Frames

By

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Contents
2

 Objectives of the present lecture

 Two-force members
 Multi-force members
 Frames and machines
 Problems
 A real life application
 Further reading

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Objectives of the Present lecture
3

 To define frames and machines and then explain the

procedure for finding out the forces acting at the joints
and the supports of a pin-jointed frame.

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Two force members
4

 A two-force member has forces applied at only two points

on the member.
 For any two-force member to be in equilibrium:
 The two forces acting on the member must have the same
magnitude;
 Act in opposite directions; and
 Have the same line of action FA
A

FB
GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023
 Multi-force members
5

 A multi-force member has forces (and/or couple moments)

applied at more than two points on the member.

By

B
Bx
10 kN
2m
1 kNm
C
Cx
1m 1m 2m Cy

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Frames and Machines
6

 Frame or Machine: A structure is called a frame or

machine if at least one of its individual members is a
multi-force member.
 Difference between Frame and Machine: Frames are
structures which are designed to support applied
loads and are usually fixed in position. Machines are
structures which contain moving parts and are
designed to transmit forces or couples from input
values to output values.
 In this course we will study only pin-connected
frames.

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Frames and Machines (contd.)
7

These pliers act as simple

This large crane is a typical
example of a frame.
GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi
machines. Here the applied
force on the handle creates a
much larger force at the
jaws.
November 15, 2023
 How to solve frame problems
8

 The forces acting on each member of a frame are found

by isolating its each member with a free-body diagram
and applying the equations of equilibrium.

 Free body diagram of a member is drawn by drawing

its outlined shape and showing all the forces and/or
couple moments that act on it.

 The principle of action and reaction must be carefully

observed when we represent the forces of interaction
on the separate free-body diagrams.

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Problem-1
9

A two member frame is supported by the two pin supports at A and D as shown. The
beam AB is subjected to a load of 4 kN at its free end. Draw the free body diagrams of
each member and then determine
(i) The components of the reactions at the pin supports A and D
(ii) The force on the beam at C.

1.5 m 1.5 m 4 kN

A 600
B
C

1.5 m

0.5 m

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Solution (Free Body Diagrams)
10
4sin600
Ay
Ax A Cx 600 4cos600
B
C
Cy 1.5 m 1.5 m 4 kN

A 600
1.5 m 1.5 m B
C
Cy = 7.0 kN
C 1.5 m
Cx

D
1.5 m

0.5 m
Dx
D 1.0 m
Dy
GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023
 Member AB
Number of unknown forces: 4 (Ax, Ay, Cx, Cy)
Solution (i) Number of independent equilibrium equations: 3
Therefore, all the unknown forces can not be
determined by the equilibrium equations alone.

4sin600
Ay
Ax A Cx 600 4cos600
B
C
Cy

1.5 m 1.5 m

CCW (+) M C = 0  Ay 1.5 − 4 sin 60 1.5 = 0  Ay = 3.5 kN

+
 Fy = 0  − Ay + C y − 4 sin 60 = 0  −3.5 + C y - 3.5 = 0  C y = 7.0 kN
+
→ Fx = 0  − Ax + C x − 4 cos 60  = 0  Ax = C x − 2.0

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 11 November 15, 2023

 Cy = 7.0 kN
Solution (ii) C
Cx
Member CD
Number of unknown forces: 3 (Dx, Dy, Cx) (Cy has
1.5 m
already been calculated)
Number of independent equilibrium equations: 3
Therefore, all the unknown forces can be Dx
determined by equilibrium equations alone. D 1.0 m
Dy
CCW (+) M D = 0  −7.0  1.0 + C x  1.5 = 0  C x = 4.7 kN
+
 Fy = 0  Dy − C y = 0  Dy = C y  Dy = 7.0 kN
+
→ Fx = 0  −C x + Dx = 0  Dx = C x  Dx = 4.7 kN

Ax = 2.7 kN () Ay = 3.5 kN ( ) D x = 4.7 kN (→) D y = 7.0 kN ( )

C x = 4.7 kN; C y = 7.0 kN.  C = C x2 + C y2 = 8.4 kN

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi 12 November 15, 2023

 Problem -2
13

For the frame shown in the figure:

a. Draw the free body diagram (FBD) for each member.
b. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the forces at pin B.
c. Find the reactions at the pin supports C and D

2.7 m 1.8 m

1.4 m

B A
C 0.15 m
1.4 m

40 kg

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Solution (a): Free body diagrams
14
2.7 m
Dy
Dx
D
1.4 m
By 2.7 m 1.8 m
0.15 m
T
By Bx D
Cy B

A 1.4 m
C Cx B Bx Ax
1.4 m 1.8 m A
C B
0.15 m
0.15 m 1.4 m
T
40 kg
Ax A

Ay
40×9.81 N
GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023
 Solution (b): Forces at the pin B
15
2.7 m
Cy By 0.15 m
Dy T
Dx
A Ax A
D C Cx B Bx Ax
1.4 m 1.4 m 1.8 m Ay
By
T 40×9.81 N
0.15 m
Bx
B
Pulley A
CCW (+)M A = 0  T  0.15 − (40  9.81)  0.15 = 0  T = 392.4 N
+ → Fx = 0  −392.4 + Ax = 0  Ax = 392.4 N; +  Fy = 0  −(40  9.81) + Ay = 0  Ay = 392.4 N
Member CBA
CCW (+)M C = 0  By  1.4 − Ay (1.4 + 1.8) = 0  By  1.4 − 392.4  3.2 = 0  By = 896.91 N

Member DB CCW (+)M D = 0  Bx  1.4 − By  2.7 + T  (1.4 − 0.15) = 0

 Bx  1.4 − 896.91 2.7 + 392.4  1.25 = 0  Bx = 1379.39 N

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Solution (c): Reactions at the pin supports C and D
2.7 m 16
Cy By
Dy
Dx
D A
C Cx B Bx Ax
1.4 m 1.4 m 1.8 m
By
0.15 m
T
Bx
B

Member CBA + → Fx = 0  C x − Bx − Ax = 0  C x − 1379.39 − 392.4 = 0  C x = 1771.79 N

+  Fy = 0  −C y + By − Ay = 0  − C y + 896.91 − 392.4 = 0  C y = 504.51 N

Member DB
+ → Fx = 0  T + Bx − Dx = 0  392.4 + 1379.39 − Dx = 0  Dx = 1771.79 N
+  Fy = 0  Dy − By = 0  Dy − 896.91 = 0  Dy = 896.91 N

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Problem-3
17

For the frame shown in the figure, calculate the total force at
pin B.

10 kN
2m
1 kNm
450
C
A
1m 1m 2m

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Solution
18

10 kN
2m
1 kNm
450
C
A
1m 1m 2m

By By

Bx B B
Bx
10 kN
2m 2m
1 kNm
0
45 C
Cx
A Ax 2 m
1m 1m 2m Cy
Ay
GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023
 Solution (contd.)
19
By
By

Bx B B
Bx
10 kN
2m
2m 1 kNm
C
450 Cx
A Ax 2 m 1m 1m 2m Cy
Ay
Member AB
Note: Member
CCW (+)M A = 0  Bx  2 − By  2 = 0  Bx = By AB is a two force
member. How?
Member BC (Hint: see the
CCW (+ )M C = 0  − Bx  2 − By  4 + 1 + 10  2 = 0 slide no. 4)
 − Bx  2 − Bx  4 + 1 + 10  2 = 0  Bx = 3.5 kN = By
Therefore, B = Bx2 + By2 = 3.52 + 3.52 = 4.95 kN
GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023
 A large crane: Real Life Application
20

This video shows a crane

(a frame structure) that is
under transportation.

http://www.youtube.com/
v/3ULxYqLjwoA&feature=
related

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 The degree of statically indeterminacy
m+3= 2j
21

State whether the trusses below is statically determinate, statically indeterminate

or unstable. Show how you determined your answer.

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 22

Which of the following statements is false:

• For a truss structure to be statically determinate it cannot have external

redundancy

• A structure with internal redundancy is statically indeterminate

• A structure with constrains less than the minimum number required for
equilibrium is improperly constrained.

• A truss structure with more members than is necessary for stability is

statically determinate

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Further Reading
23

Read more about the Frames from:

R.C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics: Statics, Twelfth Edition in SI

Units, Chapter 6, Structural Analysis, Section 6.6, pp. 294-309.

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023

 Thank You
24

Questions Please

GE201: Dr. Abdulrahman AlKhomairi November 15, 2023