Phototropism- Photo” means light, and “tropism” means turning.

Phototropism is the
phenomenon by which the plant bends in the direction of light. Light is required by the plants
to stimulate energy production by the process of photosynthesis.

Sunflower-Sunflowers exhibit positive photoropism.Their stems Ben and orient themselves

towards the direction of the sunlight. This ensures that the plant's leaves receive maximum
sunlight for photosynthesis.

Morning Glory- Morning glory vines also display positive phototropism. They climb towards
sources of light, such as trees or trellises, by growing and twining in the direction of the light.
Thigmotropism- The directional growth or movement of an organism in response to touch or
contact with a solid object.

Pea plant-Pea plants are exhibit thigmotropism, specifically tendrils.Tendils are specialized
structures that coil around support structures like trellises or other plants. This allows the pea
plant to climb and anchor itself for support.

Venus flytrap- The Venus flytrap shows thigmotropism in it's trap mechanism. When an insect
or small prey touches the sensitive hairs on the inner surface of its trap, the trap closes
rapidly,capturing the prey
Gravitropism-The growth or movement of an organism in response to gravity. It can be
positive or negative.

Shoots(Negative gravitropism)- Plant shoots such as the stems of most plants, exhibit negative
gravitropism. They grow against the force of gravity, aiming to reach sunlight and optimize
photosynthesis.

Roots(Positive Gravitropism)-Plant roots exhibit Positive Gravitropism.They grow in the

direction of gravity, allowing them to anchor the plant into the soil and absorb water and
nutrients effectively.
Hydrotropism-The growth or movement of an organism in response to water or moisture. It
involves. It involves the directional movement of the roots towards or away from water.

Maize-Maize plants shows positive hydrotropism. Their roots grow towards areas of higher
moisture to ensure the uptake of water.

Cucumber- Cucumber vines display positive hydrotropism. Their roots will grow towards areas
of higher moisture to access water for proper growth and development.
Thermotropism- The growth or movement of organism in response to temperature.

Mimosa pudica- The sensitive plant exhibits thermotropism. Its leaves fold inward when
touched or exposed to heat, which helps reduce water loss and protect the plant from potential
harm.

Eucalyptus- Their leaves are oriented vertically to minimize heat absorption from direct sunlight,
reducing water loss through evaporation.
Chemotropism- The growth or movement of an organism in response to chemicals or
chemicals gradients.It can involve attraction or repulsion.

Pollen Tube- During angiosperm reproduction, the pollentube grows towards the ovary, guided
by chemical signals released by the ovule. This process is an example of positive
chemotropism.

Fungi- fungal hypae exhibit positive chemotropism. They grow towards sources of nutrients,
such as organic matter or other organisms attracted by chemical signals.