BRAIN DISSECTION

1. CEREBELLUM

2. SPINAL CORD

3. SULCUS

4. LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

5. GYRUS

1. MEDULLA OBLONGATA

2. PONS

3. OPTIC CHIASM

4. OLFACTORY BULB
1. CEREBELLUM

2. CEREBRUM

3. PINEAL BODY

4. THIRD VENTRICLE

5. CORPUS CALLOSUM

6. OLFACTORY BULB

7. HIPPOCAMPUS

8. OPTIC CHIASM

9. HYPOTHALAMUS

10. THALAMUS

11. PONS

12. MEDULLA OBLONGATA

 1. CEREBELLUM

2. OCCIPITAL

3. PARIETAL

4. TEMPORAL

5. FRONTAL

CORPUS CALLOSUM OPTIC CHIASM

● ALLOWS FOR COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN TWO SIDES ● PROCESSES VISUAL INFORMATION AND TRANSMIT IT TO THE BRAIN
OF BRAIN
● CONNECTS THE TWO HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN

CEREBRUM THALAMUS
● CONSCIOUSNESS, SENSATION, MOVEMENT, PERCEPTION, LEARNING AND ● RELAY STATION FOR SENSORY INFORMATION
MEMORY ● RECEIVES INFORMATION FROM THE SENSES AND RELAYS

SPINAL CORD PINEAL BODY

● TRANSMITS SIGNALS BETEEN BRAIN AND BODY ● PRODUCES AND SECRETES MELTANON, WHICH PLAYS A ROLE IN
● PLAYS A ROLE IN REFLEXES REGULATING SLEEP-WAKE CYCLES

MEDULLA OBLONGATA MIDBRAIN

● CONTROLS BREATHING, HEART RATE, AND BLOOD PRESSURE ● PLAYS A ROLE IN VISION, HEARING AND MOVEMENT

PONS THIRD VENTRICLE

● CONNECTS CEREBELLUM TO REST OF THE BRAIN ● FLUID-FILLING CAVITY IN THE BRAIN THAT HELPS CIRCULATE
● PLAYS ROLE IN BREATHING AND SLEEP CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
● PLAYS A ROLE IN REGULATING PRESSURE WITHIN BRAIN

CEREBELLUM CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT

● RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATION, BALANCE AND MOVEMENT ● SMALL CHANNELS THAT RUNS THROUGH MIDBRAIN AND CONNECTS THE
THIRD AND FOURTH VENTRICLE
● HELPS TO CIRCULATE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN

HYPOTHALAMUS FOURTH VENTRICLE

● REGULATES TEMPERATURE, HUNGER, THIRST, AND HORMONE ● HELPS CIRCULATE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
SECRETIONS

PITUITARY GLAND SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM

● PRODUCES AND SECRETES HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH, ● THIN MEMBRANE THAT SEPARATES THE TWO LATERAL VENTRICLES OF THE
REPRODUCTION AND METABOLISM BRAIN
● PLAYS A ROLE IN REGULATING CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FLOW AND
PRESSURE WITHIN THE BRAIN

FRONTAL OCCIPITAL
- VOLUNTARY MOTOR FUNCTIONS - VISUAL CENTER OF BRAIN
- PLANNING, MOOD, SMELL AND SOCIAL JUDGEMENT

PARIETAL TEMPORAL
- RECEIVES AND INTEGRATED SENSORY INFORMATION - AREAS FOR HEARING, SMELL, LEARNING, MEMORY, EMOTIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

REFLEXES AND REACTION

ACHILLES REFLEX

● ANKLE JERK REFLEX - ACHILLES TENDON IS TAPPED, CAUSING THE CALF MUSCLE TO CONTRACT AND FOOT TO MOVE
● HELP MAINTAIN BALANCE AND STABILITY WHILE WALKING OR STANDING
 PLANTAR REFLEX

PUPILLARY REFLEX

● CONTROLS THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN LIGHT

● REGULATE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE AND MAINTAIN CLEAR VISION

CILIOSPINAL REFLEX

● CAUSES PUPILS TO DILATE WHEN THE BACK OF THE NECK IS STIMULATED

● HELP MAINTAIN BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE

NYSTAGMUS

SPECIAL AND GENERAL SENSES

VISUAL ACUITY
● MEASURES THE SHARPNESS OF A PERSON’S VISION - INFORMATION CAN BE USED TO DIAGNOSE AND TREAT VISION PROBLEMS SUCH AS NEARSIGHTEDNESS,
FARSIGHTEDNESS AND ASTIGMATISM
● USE EYE CHART
● PERSON STANDS A DISTANCE AND IS ASKED TO READ THE LETTERS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

ASTIGMATISM
● A DISTORTION OF VISION DUE TO IRREGULARITIES IN THE SHAPE OF THE CORNEA

EYE DOMINANCE
● THE TENDENCY OF ONE EYE TO BE MORE DOMINANT THAN THE OTHER
● TEST DETERMINES WHICH EYE IS DOMINANT - IMPORTANT FOR TASKS THAT REQUIRE ACCUARTE AIMING, E.G., SHOOTING OR PLAYING SPORTS
● MILES TEST - PERSOM MAKES A TRIANGLE WITH THEIR HANDS ANDLOOKS THROUGH THE TRIANGLE AT A DISTANT OBJECT

VISUAL MAPPING

PERIPHERAL VISION

LENS ACCOMMODATION

PROPRIOCEPTION
● IS THE SENSE OF THECONTRACTION OR TENSION OF A MUSCLE ORGAN
● RECEPTORS FOR PROPRICEPTION INCLUDE MUSCLE SPINDLE STRETCH RECEPTORS AND GOLGI TENDON ORGANS
● TEST MEASURES A PERSON’S ABILITY TO SENSE THE POSITION OF THEIR OWN EYE WITHOUT SEEING IT

TOUCH SENSITIVITY

TASTE SENSITIVTY

EYE DISSECTION

1. CORNEA

2. SCLERA
 1. OPTIC NERVE

2. SCLERA

1. VITREOUS HUMOR

2. RETINA

1. IRIS

2. PUPIL

EYELIDS - CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN THE LIDS

- PROVIDE PROTECTION
- ACT AS ACHORS FOR ATTACHING MUSCLES

EYELASHES - HELP TO KEEP DEBRIS AND HARMFUL PARASITES OFF THE EYE
LATERAL AND MEDIAL CANTHI - WHERE THE UPPER AND LOWER EYELIDS MEET

CARNUCLE - PINKISH TISSUE IN THE MEDIAL CORNER OF THE EYE

- FACILIATE MOMEMENT

IRIS - IRIS COLOUR IS GENETICALLY DETERMINED

- REGULATES THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL TO CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE

PUPIL - HOLE passes different amounts of light

SCLERA - WHITE OUTER SURFACE OF THE EYE

- SUPPORT AND PROTECTION
- MAINTAIN SHAPE OF THE EYE

CORNEA - Bends and directs light

OPTIC NERVE - BUNDLE OF FIBERS THAT TRANSMIT VISUAL SIGNAL FROM EYE TO THE BRAIN

RETINA - LIGHT-SENSITIVE LINING OF THE EYE

- CONTAINS RECEPTOR CELLS CALLED RODS AND CONES
VH - maintains the retina

Fat - cushions the eye

SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE INFERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE

- ROTATES THE SUPERIOR SURFACE OF THE EYE MEDIALLY - INSERTS ON THE LATERAL SURFACE OF THE EYE AND ROTATES THE
INFERIOR SURFACE OF TH EYE MEDIALLY
SUPERIOR RECTUS MUSCLE LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE
- RAISES THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE EYE - MOVES THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE EYE LATERALLY

INFERIOR RECTUS MUSCLE MEDIAL RECTUS MUSCLE

- LOWERS THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE EYE - MOVES THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF EYE MEDIALLY