SC IENCE,

TECHNOLOGY ABACUS
AND SOCIETY

GARCIA, AIRENE M.
BTLEd 1A

CALCULATOR
An Abacus is a calculation tool used
by sliding counters along rods or grooves,
Calculator is a
used to perform mathematical functions.
device that performs
In addition to calculating the basic
arithmetic operation
function of addition, subtraction,
on numbers. basics
multiplication, and division, the abacus
calculator can do only
can calculate roots up to the cubic degree.
addition, subtraction,
multiplication and
Abacus is also an academic
division mathematical
accounting journal published and edited
calculations.
by the University of Sydney.
 EVOLUTION OF ABACUS TO MADE OF :
ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR
Electronic
Calculators are
manufactured by use of
a flexible insulative
carrier, carrier being a
tape-like-plastic
substrate a single
length of which is
sufficient to
manufacture a plurality
of the electronic
calculator.

The evolution of from abacus to the

electronic calculator is a fascinating journey of SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
technological advancement. The Abacus,
dating back thousands of years, relied on A scientific
physical beads or stones moved along rods to calculator is typically
perform arithmetic calculations over time, made of a combination
various culture refined the design, leading to of electronic
more efficient calculation methods. components, such as
integrated circuits
The transition to mechanical calculators display screens, buttons
occurred in the 17th century with inventions or keys, and a power
like Blaise Pascal`s Pascaline and later source (usually
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz`s steeped reckoner. batteries).
These devices used gears and mechanical
parts to automate arithmetic processes,
 Minimalist
Furniture
Minimalist
Furniture
CONTRIBUTION OF CALCULATOR :
Save time
increase efficiency
simplify complex calculation
improve efficiency
It is especially critical for
financial planning and can enhance
learning by allowing students to
focus on the underlying concepts.
The electronic calculator
emerged in the mid-20th century,
leveraging vacuum tubes and later
transistors and integrated circuits to
perform calculations electronically.
companies like Texas Instrument,
Sharp, and Casio played significant
roles in popularizing electronic
calculators, making them smaller,
more affordable, and capable of
advanced functions.
Today, electronic calculators are
ubiquitous, found in various forms
ranging from handheld device to
sophisticated software applications.
They have revolutionized the way
we perform mathematical tasks,
offering speed, accuracy, and
convenience unmatched by their
predecessors.
BLAISE PASCAL
PROMOTING OF THE
CALCULATOR :

The important
role of calculator is a
deliberate
mathematical process
that transforms one or
more inputs into one
or more outputs or
results.

Blaise Pascal was a French

mathematician, physicist, inventor, TRADE AND BUSINESS
philosopher, and Catholic writer. Pascal INFRASTRUCTURE :
was a child prodigy who was educated by Trade and business
his father, a tax collector in Rouen. infrastructure of
calculators involves
manufacturing,
He was invented the calculator. In
distribution, retail sales,
1645, Pascal published an eighteen-page and possibly online
pamphlet describing his calculating sales platforms.
machine. Pascal`s invention of the Manufacturers produce
calculators which are
mechanical calculator in the early 1640s them distributed to
was born out of a desire to help his father retailers through
in collecting taxes. various channels.
CALCULATOR BENEFITS :
FRAMEWORKS :
The framework Calculators streamline
regarding calculators financial planning by
encompasses various
aspects. it involves facilitating quick calculators
harmonizing technical for budgets, investment, loans,
standards to ensure
interoperability and
and savings, enabling users to
quality across make informed decisions
member states. about their finances.

This facilitate the seamless trade of Calculators provide

calculators within the region. It
promotes cooperation in research and
development to enhance calculator
technology, fostering innovations and
competitiveness among member
countries` manufacturers. Additionally,
the framework includes initiatives to
promote the adoption of calculator in
education and business sectors, aiming
to enhance productivity and digital
literacy.
precise results, minimizing the
risk of errors that can occur
with manual calculations.
Calculators can perform
complex calculations much
faster than manual methods,
saving time and increasing
productivity.
 Calculator enhance the teaching (ROI) CALCULATOR
COMMUNITY
and learning of mathematics and
other.
Use this online
community ROI
calculator to give a
glimpse into the
ROI of your online
community, using
value of an answer
a key input.

The premise of
REFERENCES : this community ROI
calculator is that
almost all
New World Encyclopedia. communities rely on
“Abacus”. Accessed December 16, dialog and the asking
2020. and answering of the
questions. As such, if
we can determine the
Hewlett-Packard. “HP-35 Handheld
value of those
Scientific Calculator, 1972”. Accessed answers, we can
December 16, 2020. capture the lion`s
share of community
value and calculate
ROI.