BIOLOGY

E-TECH ACADEMY
QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT: biology STD: XII SCIENCE – 2023-24

[INHERITANCE AND VARIATION]

1) Explain the following with respect to Chromosome [3/4]
(i) Structure with suitable diagram.
(ii) Differentiate between X and Y Chromosome
(iii) Types on the basis of centromere.
(iv) Ploidy chart

2) Explain sex determination w.r.t [2]

(i) Human (ii) Birds (iii) Honeybee

3) Explain incomplete dominance & co – dominance with suitable example. [2]

4) Explain test cross with suitable example. [3]

5) Explain dihybrid cross / law of independent assortment? [4]

6) Explain monohybrid cross with example. [3]

[MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE]

1) Write Short note on HGP & Genomics. [2]

2) Explain DNA Fingerprinting. [3]

3) Explain Transcription and translation using suitable diagram. [4]

4) Explain Semiconservative replication of DNA. [4]

5) Write Characteristics of genetic code. [3]

6) Explain DNA packaging in eukaryotes. [3]

[BIOTECHNOLOGY]
1) Explain PCR & application of PCR. [3]

2) Explain recombinant DNA technology with suitable diagram. [3/4]

3) Explain biopiracy with suitable 3 example [3]

4) Write a short note on Biopatent. [2]

5) Explain effects of biotechnology on [3]

(i) Human Health (ii) on environment

6) What is transgenic plant & transgenic animals. explain each with two suitable example. [3]

Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.
BIOLOGY
[ORGANISM AND POPULATION]
1. Distinguish between: [2]
(i) Natality and Mortality
(ii) Competition and Mutualism
(iii) Habitat and Niche

2. Write a short note on: [2]

(i) Commensalism
(ii) Desert adaptation
(iii) Colder Region Organism adaptation

3. Define and State formula for [2]

(i) Natality (ii) Mortality

4. With help of suitable diagram, explain how the age structure determine the trend of population. [3]

5. With the help of pyramid, describe the [3]

(i) Growing Population
(ii) Steady Population
(iii) Declining Population

[ECOSYSTEM AND ENERGY FLOW]

1. Define decomposition, explain its steps. [4]

2. Explain Carbon cycle [2]

3. What is ecological succession? Name various seral stages from pioneer species to climax [3]
community with suitable example in
(i) Hydrarch Succession.
(ii) Xerarch Succession

4. Define ecological pyramid Explain its types. [3]

5. Explain the concept of productivity. [3]

[BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION]

1. Write a note on in-situ and ex-situ conservation. [2]

2. Give the effects on human health of [2/3]

(i) Water Pollution (ii) Air Pollution

3. Explain Greenhouse effect & Ozone depletion. [2/3]

4. Write a note on: [2/3]

(i) Level of Biodiversity.
(ii) Importance of biodiversity.

Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.
BIOLOGY
[REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER ANIMAL]

1) With the help of suitable diagram describe the T.S of testis. [3M]

2) With the help of diagrammatical representation, explain the process of gametogenesis. [4M]

3) Sketch and label ‘human male reproductive system’. [3M]

4) Sketch and label phases of oogenesis. [3M]

5) Describe the fate of three germinal layers in human embryonic development. [2/3M]

6) Describe the phases of menstrual cycle. [4M]

7) Describe female reproductive system in humans. [4M]

8) Explain the histological structure of the ovary in human. [3/4M]

9) Describe the structure of the Graafian follicle. [2M]

[ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE]

1) Name the two classes to which Archaeopteryx acts as connecting link. [2M]

2) Explain the following terms: (a) Gene mutation (b) Genetic recombination (c) Gene flow [3M]

3) Define ‘reproductive isolation’ and explain two types of reproductive isolation. [3M]

4) Explain natural selection with example of industrial melanism. [3M]

5) Give the importance of fossil in support of organic evolution. [2M]

6) Describe the Urey and Millers experiment. [3/4]

7) Describe briefly RNA World Hypothesis. [3M]

8) Write a note on Genetic drift. [2M]

9) By taking industrial melanism as one example. Explain the concept of natural selection. [3M]

10) What is stabilizing Selection. Illustrate with suitable example. [2M]

11) What is adaptive radiation? Explain with suitable example. [3M]

12) Give the significance of fossils/Palaeontology. [2M]

13) Explain briefly the connecting/missing link. [3M]

(a) What is connecting link?
(b) Which fossil animal is considered as the connecting link between reptiles and birds?
Give any one character of each class found in it.

14) What are homologous organs? [2M]

Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.
BIOLOGY
[RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION]

1) Distinguish between artery and vein. [3M]

2) Sketch and label – conducting system of human heart. [3M]

3) Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of ventral view of heart. [2M]

4) With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the internal structure of human heart. [4M]

5) Describe five types of leucocytes, with the help of diagrams. Add a note on their functions. [4M]

6) What is blood clotting? How and when does it occur? OR

Explain blood clotting in short. [3M]

7) (a) Mention the position of the following in human heart: [3M]

(i) Eustachian value (ii) Bicuspid value

8) Describe histological structure of artery, vein, and capillary. OR [4M]

With the help of neat and labelled diagram distinguish between artery and vein.

9) What is blood pressure flow. How is it measured? Explain the factors affecting it. OR [3M]
Explain in brief the factors affecting blood pressure.

10) Identify A and B in the given diagram and explain T wave.

[ CONTROL AND CO-ORDINATION]

1) Describe in brief T.S. of spinal cord. [2M]

2) With the help of a labelled diagram of lateral view of cerebrum, describe its structure and give any ‘two’
functions of cerebrum. [4M]

3) Explain structure of eye. [3M]

4) What is reflex action. Describe the different components of reflex arc. Add a note on mechanism of
reflex action. [3/4M]

5) Explain the formation of spinal nerve with the help of a labelled diagram. [4M]

6) Give the properties of nerve Fibres. [2/3M]

7) Write a short note on Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). [2/3M]

8) (a) Sketch and label the diagram of brain to show ventricles in coronal plane.
(b) Name the cavity which is continuation of IV ventricle. [3M]

9) (a) Name the nerve fibres internally connecting the cerebral hemispheres.
(b) Name the sulci which divide the cerebral hemisphere into four lobes.
(c) Describe the various functional areas found in the different lobes of cerebral hemisphere. [4M]

10) Write a short note on midbrain. [4M]

Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.
BIOLOGY
11) Give an account of structure and functions of hind brain. [4M]

12) Explain the types of reflex action based on previous experiences. [2M]

13) Describe the internal structure of human ear. [4M]

14) With the help of suitable example, write the mechanism of hormone action through membrane receptor.

15) Indicate the location of various endocrine glands in our diagrammatically. [3M]

16) Differentiate between Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. [3M]

17) Write an account of position, structure and functions of pituitary gland. [4M]

18) Describe the position and external morphology of thyroid gland. Add a note on its histology. [4M]

19) Write a note on: The hypo function of thyroxine hormone. [4M]

[ENHANCEMENT OF FOOD PRODUCTION]

1) What is ‘biofortification’? [4M]

2) Explain Anabaena and Azolla as biofertilizers. [2M]

3) What are gibberellins? Give the applications of gibberellins. [4M]

4) Define tissue culture, describe the methodology of tissue culture. [4M]

5) Explain the role of microbes in sewage treatment. [3M]

6) State the advantages of SCP. [2M]

7) Give the economic importance of lac. [1M]

8) Give a diagrammatic representation of the various stages in waste water treatment. [3M]

9) Sketch and label – biogas plant. [3M]

10) Explain the steps involved in anaerobic digestion. [3M]

11) Classify biofertilizers on the basis of their nature and function citing examples. (any 4 types). [4M]

12) State the differences between Ectomycorrhizae. [2M]

13) State the benefits of Biofertilizers. [3M]

[PLANT WATER RELATION]

1) Write a note on different types of water and give its properties? [3M]

2) What is Transpiration? Describe mechanism of opening and closing of stomata by diagram and its significance.
[4M]
3) Describe the Structure of Root with diagram & give mech. of water absorption. [3M]

4) Explain the process of Transport of Food and Any one mech. of translocation of water. [4M]

5) Explain the terms:

(i) Imbibition (ii) Diffusion (iii) Osmosis (iv) water potential (v) Plasmolysis [4M]

6) Explain movement of water in the root. [3/4M]

Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.
BIOLOGY
7) Differentiate between: Active Absorption and Passive Absorption. [3M]

8) Explain cohesion theory for translocation of water. [2/3M]

9) What is translocation of food and explain the path of translocation. [4M]

10) What is the significance of transpiration? [2/3M]

11) Describe in brief the three types of transpiration. [3M]

[PLANT GROWTH & MINERAL NUTRITION]

1) Give the Physiological effect and Application of PGRS? Which one is gaseous hormone. [4M]

2) Give the different phase of growth and distinguish between types of growth. [4M]

3) Explain the different terms:

(i) Differentiation (ii) Dedifferention
(iii) Redifferentiation and give different condition of growth? [4M]

4) Explain sigmoid growth curve and enlist the role and deficiency symptoms of
(i) Nitrogen (ii) Phosphorus (iii) Potassium (iv) Magnetism [4M]

5) Explain different type of plant on the basis of photoperiodism & what is vernalization and give its advantages
[4M]

6) Explain Nitrogen cycle & Biological Nitrogen Fixation. [3M]

[REPRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER

PLANTS]

1) Draw a neat labelled diagram of V.S of mature Anatropous ovule and explain the process of double
fertilization. [4M]

2) Differentiate between Anemophily and Entomophily and enlist advantage and disadvantage of cross
pollination. [4M]

3) Explain outbreeding device in Angio spermic plant and explain the structure of pollen grain of
angiosperm. [4M]

4) What is Parthenocarpy? And explain development of different types of endosperms. [3M]

5) Define geitonogamy? Xenogamy, give advantage of self-pollination & cross pollination. Explain how
dichogamy favor cross pollination. [4M]

6) Describe various modes of asexual reproduction ara as follow: [4M]

[I] Fragmentation [II]Budding
[III]Spore formation [IV] Binary fission

7) Describe T.S of anther with the help of suitable diagram. [4M]

8) Describe the development of female gametophyte in Angiosperms. [4M]

9) Describe the development of seed and fruit in Angiosperms. [4M]

Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.
BIOLOGY
[ MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE]

1) Draw the structure of nucleosome with diagram. Explain the process of semiconservative Replication
of DNA. [4M]

2) How to prove DNA is a genetic material by describing all three experiments. [4M]

3) What is the application of DNA fingerprinting. And explain the process of translation. [4M]

4) Sketch and label clover leaf model of t – RNA and explain any two applications of genomics. [3M]

5) Explain the term splicing, capping and tailing and Distinguish between DNA and RNA. [4M]

6) Define terms Genome, code and Anticodon, and what is the goals of Human Genome Project (HGP)? [3M]

[HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES]

1) Describe the structure of an Antibody and write a note on Antigen – Antibody complex. [3M]

2) Write a note on Symptoms of

(i) Typhoid (ii) Malaria (iii) Cancer [4M]
(iv) HIV (v) Ascariasis

3) Explain Different types of blood group, draw the structure of ‘HIV’? [4M]

4) Explain about different type of immunity and write a note on Carcinogenic agents and Hypersensitivity.[4M]

5) Give any two mode of transmission of amoebiasis, Ascariasis, Elephantiasis, malaria, Ringworm etc.
[4M]

6) A person is snowing symptoms like increased BMR, heart rate, Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure and Deposition of
Fats in eye sockets. Name the Disease he is suffering from. [4M]
What is the use of electrocardiograph (ECG) and give adverse effects of opioids, cannabinoids, and
Morphine’s on Human Health.

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Note:- All questions are important but the bold questions are very very important.