Mean, Median, and Mode for Ungrouped Data

Key Concept
The mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency that summarize the data set
with a single value representing the center of the data.

Mean:
 The mean is the average of all the data points.
 Example: For the data set {2, 4, 6, 8}, the mean is (2+4+6+8)/4 = 20/4 = 5.
Median:
 The median is the middle value when the data is ordered from least to greatest.
 Example: In the ordered data set {3, 5, 7}, the median is 5. For an even number of
observations, such as {3, 5, 7, 9}, the median is the average of the two middle
numbers, (5+7)/2 = 6.
Mode:
 The mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data set.
 Example: In the data set {1, 2, 2, 3}, the mode is 2.

Example of Mean, Median, and Mode for Ungrouped Data

Let's consider an ungrouped data set representing the ages of 10 people attending a birthday
party:
Ages={22,27,22,29,27,22,24,26,27,24}Ages={22,27,22,29,27,22,24,26,27,24}
We will calculate the mean, median, and mode for this ungrouped data set.
Mean (Average Age):
To find the mean, you sum all the ages and then divide by the number of people.
Mean=22+27+22+29+27+22+24+26+27+2410Mean=1022+27+22+29+27+22+24+26+27+2
4
Median (Middle Age):
To find the median, you order the ages from lowest to highest and find the middle number.
Ordered Ages={22,22,22,24,24,26,27,27,27,29}Ordered Ages={22,22,22,24,24,26,27,27,27,
29}
Since there are 10 numbers, the median will be the average of the 5th and 6th numbers.
Mode (Most Frequent Age):
The mode is the age that appears most frequently in the data set.
Complete Solution
Calculating the Mean:
 Add all the ages:
22+27+22+29+27+22+24+26+27+24=25022+27+22+29+27+22+24+26+27+24=250
 Divide by the number of data points: 250÷10=25250÷10=25
 So, the mean age is 25.
Calculating the Median:
 The ordered ages are: 22, 22, 22, 24, 24, 26, 27, 27, 27, 29.
 The median is the average of the 5th and 6th ages: 24+262=25224+26=25
 Thus, the median age is 25.
Calculating the Mode:
 The age that occurs most frequently is 22, which appears 3 times.
 Therefore, the mode of the ages is 22.
Final Answer
In this ungrouped data set of ages:
 The mean age is 25.
 The median age is 25.
 The mode age is 22.
Mean, Median, and Mode for Grouped Data
When data is grouped, the exact values of the mean, median, and mode are not known, so we
estimate them using the class intervals.
Grouped Mean:
 The grouped mean is estimated by taking the midpoint of each interval, multiplying
by the frequency of the interval, and dividing the sum by the total number of
observations.
 Example: If the intervals 10-20 and 20-30 have frequencies of 5 and 3 respectively,
the estimated mean is ((155)+(253))/(5+3).
Grouped Median:
 The grouped median is found by determining the interval within which the median
lies and then estimating using the formula: 𝐿+(𝑁2−𝐹𝑓)×𝑤L+(f2N−F)×w, where L is
the lower boundary of the median class, N is the total number of observations, F is the
cumulative frequency before the median class, f is the frequency of the median class,
and w is the class width.
 Example: If the total frequency is 100, and by the time we reach the 40-50 interval
the cumulative frequency is 45 and the frequency for this interval is 20, the median is
in the 40-50 interval.
Grouped Mode:
 The grouped mode is the value at the midpoint of the modal class, which is the
interval with the highest frequency.
 Example: If the 30-40 interval has the highest frequency, the mode is estimated to be
the midpoint, which is 35.

Example of Mean, Median and Mode for Group Data:

You are provided with the heights (in cm) of a group of high school basketball players, and
the data is already grouped into intervals. You are asked to estimate the mean, median, and
mode of the players' heights.
Given Grouped Data:
Height Interval (cm) Frequency
150 - 159 4
160 - 169 5
170 - 179 12
180 - 189 8
190 - 199 6
Total number of players (ΣFrequency) = 35
Complete Solution
Step 1: Estimate the Mean The mean is estimated by multiplying the midpoint of each class
by the frequency of the class, summing these products, and dividing by the total number of
players.
Step 2: Estimate the Median The median is the value separating the higher half from the
lower half of the data sample. For grouped data, we find the median class interval - the
interval in which the median lies based on cumulative frequency - and then apply the formula
for estimating the median.
Step 3: Estimate the Mode The mode is the value that appears most frequently. In grouped
data, the modal class is the class with the highest frequency. The mode is estimated as the
value corresponding to the midpoint of the modal class.
Calculations:
 Mean: Use the midpoints of the intervals: 154.5, 164.5, 174.5, 184.5, 194.5. Multiply
each midpoint by its frequency, sum these, and divide by the total frequency.
 Median: The median lies in the class interval where the cumulative frequency reaches
or just passes the half-way point of the total frequency (35/2 = 17.5). We find the class
interval and then use the median formula.
 Mode: Look for the interval with the highest frequency. The midpoint of this interval
gives the mode.
After performing these calculations, we'll have the estimated mean, median, and mode for the
heights of the basketball players.
Final Answer
The mean, median, and mode would provide a sense of the central height typical for the
group, the height dividing the group into two equal halves, and the most common height
range among the players, respectively.
For the actual numerical values, we would perform the calculations described above, which
involve summing products for the mean, finding cumulative frequencies for the median, and
identifying the highest frequency for the mode.