FIVE WHY’S

GROUP MEMBER:

GRANDE. JACOB
MONTANCES, KENDELLE
NARIDO, ELIDA
VARONA, JAN MARIE

FLY ASH

1. Why is fly ash used in concrete?

a. Fly ash is used in concrete to improve its performance and sustainability.
2. Why does fly ash improve concrete's performance?
a. Fly ash improves concrete's performance by enhancing workability, reducing water demand, and
increasing long-term strength.
3. Why does fly ash reduce the water demand in concrete?
a. Fly ash is a pozzolanic material that chemically reacts with calcium hydroxide, reducing the need for
additional water to hydrate the cement particles.
4. Why does fly ash increase long-term strength in concrete?
a. Fly ash's pozzolanic reaction produces additional cementitious compounds over time, enhancing the
strength and durability of the concrete.
5. Why is sustainability an important factor in using fly ash in concrete?
a. Sustainability is crucial because using fly ash in concrete reduces the need for virgin raw materials like
cement, decreases greenhouse gas emissions associated with cement production, and helps in recycling
industrial waste.

BACTERIA ON CONCRETE

1. Why use bacteria on concrete?

a. Bacteria are used on concrete to enhance its self-healing properties.
2. Why is self-healing desirable in concrete?
a. Self-healing in concrete is desirable to repair micro-cracks and maintain structural integrity over time.
3. Why do micro-cracks develop in concrete?
a. Micro-cracks develop in concrete due to factors like shrinkage, thermal expansion/contraction, and
loading stress.
4. Why do bacteria contribute to self-healing?
a. Bacteria, when encapsulated in concrete, can produce calcium carbonate (calcite) in the presence of
water and calcium ions, filling micro-cracks and preventing further damage.
5. Why is self-healing with bacteria a sustainable choice?
a. Self-healing with bacteria is sustainable because it prolongs the lifespan of concrete structures, reduces
maintenance costs, and minimizes the need for resource-intensive repairs and replacements.

INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Why does Infrastructure cost too much?

a. Pricing structure is often unique to each company, but there is common ground, such as phasing out
applications that get minimal use or that have cheaper alternatives, re-assessing other management
costs and looking at other spending to help reduce costs.
2. Why does at least one-third of the world’s rural population was not served by an all-weather road?
a. The lack of a road in the area has not yet been noticed by the authorities.
3. Why do people cannot evacuate when there is a calamity?
a. Lack of evacuation center.
4. Why do buildings collapse?
a. The reasons a building collapses can be due to poor structural design, poor compliance with
specifications, poor quality control, faulty construction methodology, foundation failure, and corruption.
Natural disaster is also identified as a cause of building collapse.
5. Why should we improve infrastructure?
 a. The economy needs reliable infrastructure to connect supply chains and efficiently move goods and
services across borders. Infrastructure connects households across metropolitan areas to higher quality
opportunities for employment, healthcare, and education. Clean energy and public transit can reduce
greenhouse gases.

AGRICULTURAL WASTE FOR SOIL STABILIZATION

1. Why agricultural wastes improved soil stability?

a. agricultural waste used as an additive to improve the weak properties of subgrade soil.
2. Why is agricultural waste used as an additive to improve the weak property of subgrade soil?
a. When the fibers of agricultural waste are mixed with other forms of conventional soil stabilization
materials, their durability and performance are increased.
3. Why their durability and performance are increased?
a. Fiber-reinforced soil behaves like a composite material in which the fibers improve the strength of the
soil. Shear stresses on the ground improve the tensile strength of the fibers, which in turn provides
greater resistance to the soil
4. Why the fibers improve the strength of the soil?
a. The use of fibers in the soil is similar to the behavior of plant roots, contributing to soil stability by
adding resistance to near-surface soils in which effective stress is low
5. Why fibers add resistance to near surface soils?
a. Fiber inclusion can significantly increase soil tensile strength and soil tensile failure ductility. The tensile
strength basically increases with increasing fiber content. As the fiber content increases, the tensile
strength increases. The tensile strength of fiber reinforced soil increases with increasing dry density and
decreases with decreasing water content.

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION

1. why is waste management a challenge in construction?

a. As a result of the large amount of garbage that construction activities produce, waste management is a
concern in this industry.
2. why do construction has so much wastes?
a. Waste is produced during construction as a result of ineffective procedures, excessive material orders,
and improper planning.
3. why some construction are inefficient?
a. A lack of standardized standards, outmoded methodologies, and poor training can all contribute to
ineffective construction operations.
4. why does construction over-buying?
a. Uncertainty in project needs, poor forecasting, and a desire to minimize delays all contribute to
overordering of goods.
5. why is there a lack of construction planning?
a. Ineffective project management, poor communication, and a lack of emphasis on waste reduction are all
factors that contribute to poor planning in the construction industry.