Dao Nhat Hieu

H1

a) sample size n = 18
t = 1.83
The degrees of freedom are df = n - 1 = 18 - 1 = 17.

b) We can find the critical values for t by using a t-distribution table.

For a one-tailed test with a 5% significance level, the critical value is t0.05,17 = 1.740.

For a one-tailed test with a 2.5% significance level, the critical value is t0.025,17 = 2.11.

c) At the 5% significance level, the critical value is t0.05,17 = 1.740. Since t = 1.83 > 1.740, the
value t = 1.83 is significant at the 5% level.

At the 1% significance level, the critical value is t0.01,17 = 2.898. Since t = 1.83 < 2.898, the
value t = 1.83 is not significant at the 1% level.

d) Using table or calculator, the exact p-value for t=1.83 is around 0.04242

H2

1a)
First we calculate the z-score using the formula

=> z= (590 -580)/(80/√100)=1.25

The significance level of the test is the probability of observing a z-score of 1.25 or higher

Using standard normal distribution table we got: 0.1056 or 10.56%

1b Power = 1-beta

we do the same but

instead of using 580, we use the Alternative H which is 600.

First we calculate the z-score using the formula

=> z= (590 -600)/(80/√100)= - 1.25

P (Z>-1.25) = P(Z<1.25) =0.8943 or 89.43%

1c) Hard to do by computer

1d) Now to solve this one, we do exactly the same as in a and b using the formula

=> z= (590 -595)/(80/√100)= - 1.25

that z= 0.625 and -0.625. we look up for it in the normal table
and we obtain a value between 0.2676 and 0.2643 for the significance level (alpha)
and a value between 0.7324 and 0.7357 for the power level (beta)

e)
If we got a sample size of 144 instead of 100, then we have to substitute the square
root of 100 for the square root of 144 in the formula, which is 12. So the number
which will divide 590-580 and 590-600 will be lower and then the results that we will
obtain will be higher than before. Higher z that will imply higher significance level and
higher power level.

H.3.
a) The probability to make type I(α)and type II(β) error

Assumption α = P (Type I error)= 0.05 → Rejecting a true Ho

Α = P (reject Ho| Ho)= P(x ≤ 3.55 | x ~ N (4,1))

P(z ≤ (3.5-4) / 1) = P (z ≤ -0.5) = 1- P (z ≤ -0.5)= 1- 0.69915

Type II error (fail to reject a false Ho)

β = P (not reject Ho| Ha) = P (x > 3.5 | x ~ N(2,1))

P (z > (3.5-2)/ 1) = P (z > 1.5) = 1 - P (z > 1.5)= 1- 0.9332

b) The limit k between the acceptance and rejecting area:

α= 0.05 = P (x≤ k | x~ N (4,1)) = P (z ≤ (k-4) / 1)

(k-4)/1 = -1.65

k= -1.65 + 4 =2.35

H.4.
Type 1 error:
Since we have the value for the critical value (1.82), we can standardize it in order to know
the area of the distribution that corresponds to the type 1 error.
z= (X-μ) /𝐀
→ z= (1.82-1.78)/ 0,2 → z=0.2
Checking the normal distribution table, we conclude that the area concerning the type 1 error
is 1-0.5793 = 0.4207
There is a 42.07% probability of making a type 1 error.
Type 2 error:
To calculate β, we following these steps:
P(Z≤ (Xc-μ)/ /(o /√n)) →P(Z≤ (1.82-1.85)/(0.2/√100)) → P(Z≤-1.5)

Knowing the Z, we look at the table and find out that the area is 0.0668.
There is a probability of 6.68% of making a type 2 error.

H.5.
Null Hypothesis: Adding a new piece has no effect. Mean when adding the piece = 20

Alternate Hypothesis:Mean is not = 20 when the new piece is added.

Assume that the Null hypothesis is true, with a normal distribution and a standard
deviation of 9. (sq root of 81)
In order to find the critical values upon which the rejection area will start, we have to
calculate the 5% significance level.
Since we are assuming a normal distribution, approximately 95% of the area is held within 2
standard deviations from the mean, so that will be our limited area.
Having a mean equal to 20, the upper limit will be 38, and the lower limit will be 2. Since we are
working on an upper-tail test, we only need to focus on the upper limit..

38 is the lower mean value that allows us to reject the null hypothesis. In other words, if the
production mean becomes 38 or higher after adding the new piece, we can say that the
Alternate Hypothesis is true and thus, the production is indeed increased.