Site Analysis of Jetty Arena Kuala Kangsar (Site B) - Analysis and Synthesis

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
KULLIYYAH OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
BAAR 3201 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6 (STUDIO)

SEMESTER 2, SESSION 2023/2024
TASK 1B
SITE ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS : KUALA KANGSAR, PERAK
VOLUME 3: SITE B - ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
Lecturers:
Asst. Prof. Dr. Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi (Course Coordinator)
Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Nurul Hamiruddin Salleh
Datin Seri Ar. Dr. Norwina Mohd Nawawi
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fadzidah Abdullah
Prof. Dato' Sri Ar. Dr. Asiah Abdul Rahim
NO. FULL NAME MATRIC NUMBER SECTION
1 MOHAMMAD AFIZUL BIN MOHD SUKIMAN 2112647 1
2 LUQMAN HAKIM BIN AHMAD DAMIRI 2112991 1
3 SOFIAH HANANI BINTI MOHD JAMLI 2117560 1
4 LAILY ARISSA BINTI NOR RIZAL 2113036 1
5 NOR NATASHA BINTI MOHD ZIN 2119430 1
6 ABANG NURAZIZAN BIN ABG AZAHARI 2111369 2
7 DANISH IRFAN BIN ROSTAM AFFANDI 2118275 2
8 FIRQIN QISTINA BINTI FAIZAL 2118752 2
9 MUHAMMAD SYAMIL MIFZAL BIN MUSA 2113479 2
10 NUR FARINA BINTI ZULKIFLI 2111266 2
11 AISYAH BINTI MOHD RIZZAL 2118682 3
12 IRDEENA SUFIAH BINTI IBRAHIM 2116194 3
13 MUHAMMAD NAJWAN BIN ISHAK 2118859 3
14 NOR FARAH ALEEYSHA BINTI ZAINULABADIN 2116870 3
15 NORHIDAYAH BINTI KOSNIN 2117652 3
16 AKBAR AAEZA TAHSEEN 2023700 4
17 AYRA ZAHRA BINTI AZAHAR 2113484 4
18 CHENG ZIHAO 1819389 4
19 NUR ADRIANA BINTI SHAHABUDIN 2112934 4
20 NUR HUSNINA BINTI HARUN 2112478 4
21 AIMAN ARIFF BIN AZLAM 2111649 5
22 FATIN NURSYAHIRAH BINTI NAZRI 2115522 5
23 LESLOUS WAFA 2115104 5
24 MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL ADLI BIN WAFLI 2119855 5
25 NUR HANANI AZRITA BINTI YUSOF 2114916 5

TABLE OF CONTENT 4.9 Synthesis For Circulation............................................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER 5.0: CLIMATE AND SENSORY........................................................................................48
CHAPTER 1.0: SITE OVERVIEW......................................................................................................... 4
5.1 Temperature....................................................................................................................................49
1.1 Site Background............................................................................................................................... 4 5.2 Rainfall Precipitation......................................................................................................................50
1.2 Key Plan........................................................................................................................................... 4 5.3 Relative Humidity......................................................................................................................... 51
1.3 Location Plan....................................................................................................................................5 5.4 Shadow Casting..............................................................................................................................51
1.3 Site Plan............................................................................................................................................6 5.5 Wind Direction............................................................................................................................... 52
1.4 Sections............................................................................................................................................ 7 5.6 Tide Table Sungai Perak 2024.....................................................................................................53
CHAPTER 2.0: HUMAN AND CULTURE.............................................................................................8 5.7 Sensory......................................................................................................................................... 53
2.1 Demography And Community Background.....................................................................................8 5.8 Visual..............................................................................................................................................54
2.2 Kuala Kangsar Culture, Timeline And Human Activities................................................................9 5.9 Smell...............................................................................................................................................54
2.3 Historical Timeline......................................................................................................................... 13 5.10 Noise............................................................................................................................................55
2.4 Swot Analysis.................................................................................................................................14 5.11 Swot Climate And Sensory......................................................................................................... 56
2.5 Synthesis For Human And Culture................................................................................................ 15 5.12 Synthesis For Climate And Sensory.............................................................................................57
CHAPTER 3.0 ZONING AND NEIGHBOURHOOD CONTEXT.....................................................16 CHAPTER 7.0: NATURAL AND MANMADE FEATURES.............................................................. 59
3.1 Zoning............................................................................................................................................ 16 7.1 Natural Features............................................................................................................................. 59
3.2 Classification Of Zoning................................................................................................................ 16 7.2 Manmade Features......................................................................................................................... 67
3.3 Neighbourhood Context................................................................................................................. 20 7.3 SWOT ANALYSIS NATURAL AND MAN-MADE FEATURES...............................................80
3.4 Swot Analysis For Zoning..............................................................................................................33 CHAPTER 8.0: PUBLIC AMENITIES AND UTILITIES.................................................................. 85
3.5 Synthesis For Zoning......................................................................................................................34 8.3 Swot Public Amenities And Utilities............................................................................................. 91
CHAPTER 4.0: CIRCULATION............................................................................................................35 8.4 Synthesis Public Amenities And Utilities...................................................................................... 91
4.1 Classification Of Road................................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 9.0: OVERALL SWOT ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS................................................. 92
4.2 Arterial Road.................................................................................................................................. 36 CHAPTER 10.0 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................99
4.3 Collector Road................................................................................................................................38
4.4 Local Road..................................................................................................................................... 40
4.5 Accessibility................................................................................................................................... 41
4.6 Traffic Volume................................................................................................................................41
4.7 Parking............................................................................................................................................44
4.8 Swot Analysis Circulation.............................................................................................................46
CHAPTER 1.0: SITE OVERVIEW 1.2 Key Plan
1.1 Site Background
Situated adjacent to the Perak River, Site B occupies a prime position within the vibrant
commercial hub, known for its bustling activity and high population density within the town. It serves as
a central gathering point for both locals and visitors, attracting a constant flow of individuals commuting
by various means, be they vehicles or on foot. This area is characterised by its bustling streets, teeming
with activity as people navigate between destinations. Moreover, the immediate vicinity surrounding Site
B is predominantly occupied by commercial establishments, making it a focal point for sales and
business transactions, thus earning its designation as the ‘commercial district’.
Upon entering the street, the unmistakable essence of its character becomes apparent through the
myriad activities unfolding. The bustling thoroughfare echoes with the sounds of passing vehicles,
pedestrians engaged in conversation, and students leisurely strolling about during their free periods.
Meanwhile, the presence of locals vending street foods adds a distinct flavour to the ambiance,
contributing to the unique identity of this site.
Conversely, within this district, an extensive array of amenities awaits, including retail outlets,
dining establishments, convenience stores, and workshops, catering to diverse needs. Serving as the
primary thoroughfare for local residents to fulfil their daily requirements, this area bustles with activity
from early morning until evening. However, as night falls, the hustle and bustle gradually recede, with
the street transitioning into a quieter thoroughfare. With shops closed, nighttime sees diminished
pedestrian traffic, as the street primarily serves as a passageway rather than a destination for commerce
and social interaction.
Based on observations, Site B emerges as the pulsating core of Jalan Kangsar, assuming the
pivotal role of a gathering nexus for both locals and tourists alike. Positioned strategically within the
bustling commercial district, it serves as a focal point where individuals converge for various purposes,
whether it be leisurely strolls, shopping excursions, or social interactions. With its strategic location and
vibrant atmosphere, Site B exerts a magnetic pull, drawing people from all walks of life to converge and
engage, thereby solidifying its status as the vibrant heart of Jalan Kangsar. Its significance transcends
mere geographical centrality, embodying the spirit and energy of the surrounding community, making it
Figure 1.0 shows the Key plan of Kuala Kangsar
an indispensable node within the urban fabric.
1.3 Location Plan
Figure 1.1: shows the location plan of the proposed site B

1.3 Site Plan
Figure 1.2: shows the site plan of proposed site B

1.4 Sections
CHAPTER 2.0: HUMAN AND CULTURE
`Kuala Kangsar, situated in Perak, Malaysia, has a storied history dating back to the 18th century
when it served as a bustling trading post owing to its strategic location at the confluence of Sungai Perak
and Sungai Kangsar rivers. However, it wasn't until the late 19th century, under Sultan Abdullah
Muhammad Shah II, that Kuala Kangsar ascended to its esteemed position as the royal capital of Perak,
establishing itself as the focal point of political, administrative, and cultural affairs in the region.
As a royal city, Kuala Kangsar has been witness to pivotal historical events, notably the signing
of the Pangkor Treaty in 1874, signifying the commencement of British intervention in Perak and
heralding a new era of colonial rule. The town's significance was further underscored by the construction
of the iconic Istana Iskandariah, symbolising the Sultan's authority and architectural prowess, which
continues to stand as a testament to Kuala Kangsar's regal heritage.
Today, Kuala Kangsar remains a captivating blend of tradition and modernity, drawing visitors
with its rich cultural tapestry, diverse population, and architectural marvels. While honouring its royal
legacy, the town has embraced development, ensuring its relevance in contemporary Malaysia. Whether
exploring its historic landmarks, partaking in local festivities, or savouring its culinary delights, visitors
are invited to immerse themselves in the timeless allure of Kuala Kangsar.
2.1 Demography And Community Background
Kuala Kangsar is a relatively small town located in the state of Perak, Malaysia. According to the 2023
census conducted by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the population of Kuala Kangsar was
approximately 178,100 people.
Kuala Kangsar's population is also relatively young, with a significant proportion being of working age.
This demographic composition reflects broader trends in Malaysia, where the majority of the population
is under 30 years old.
In terms of demographics, Kuala Kangsar, like many other towns in Malaysia, is ethnically diverse. The
population includes Malays, who are the majority ethnic group, as well as significant populations of Figure 2.0: Population estimation 2023-07-01 : 178,100
Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples. Each ethnic group contributes to the town's cultural richness (Source:www.citypopulation.de)
and diversity, influencing various aspects of daily life, including cuisine, traditions, and festivals.
2.2 Kuala Kangsar Culture, Timeline And Human Activities
Kuala Kangsar, which is a melting pot of diverse cultures and traditions, is home to Malays, Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples, each having their own contribution and adding to the identity of the town's
rich tapestry of human experiences. The town's multiculturalism is evident in its daily life, where residents engage in various activities that reflect their respective cultural backgrounds. Malays, who are predominantly
Muslim, have mosques for prayers and community events, while the Chinese community goes to temples,as does the Indian community, respectively, and therefore religious spaces are dotted through the landscape,
serving as focal points for religious observances and cultural celebrations.
In addition to religious practices, Kuala Kangsar offers a plethora of cultural activities that shape daily life in the town. Traditional markets bustle with activity as vendors sell local produce, handicrafts, and delicacies,
providing residents with a taste of authentic Malaysian flavours. Festivals such as Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Deepavali, and the annual Perak Royal Kebaya Festival bring the community together in celebration,
fostering camaraderie and goodwill among its diverse populace.
Beyond day-to-day life, Kuala Kangsar hosts a range of special events and attractions that showcase its cultural heritage and significance. Visitors can explore historical landmarks like the Istana Iskandariah and the
Sultan Azlan Shah Gallery, gaining insight into the town's royal legacy. The Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK), one of Malaysia's oldest boarding schools, holds cultural performances and sporting events,
offering a glimpse into the town's educational traditions. Additionally, Kuala Kangsar's natural beauty, including its lush landscapes and scenic rivers, provides opportunities for outdoor activities such as picnicking,
boating, and hiking, further enriching the cultural experience of residents and visitors alike.
Table 2.0 Shows the timeline of activities at the site
Time Activity Images
8.00 am to 10.00 pm ● People go for jogs, walks and cycling at the site by the riverfront.
● Families come to enjoy the parks with their children
● Recreational activities such as picnics, enjoying time by the waterfront, and

spending times with friends
9.00am to 6.00pm ● Handicraft stalls and shops in the area open
● Cendol and food stalls begin operating
11.00 am to 6.30pm ● Boats begin operating
● Commercial boat rides are offered
● Basking groups start to set up (Kawasan Lembah)
1.00 pm to 6.00pm ● Fisherman put out their rods

5.00pm to 9.00pm ● Weekend Night Markets
2.3 Historical Timeline
Figure 2.1: Shows the Historical timeline of Kuala Kangsar

began to take on a more defined plan and shape. Referring to solid and void, the town was divided into
two by the Perak River; however, both are connected by the Sultan Abdul Jalil Bridge. The street pattern
is also influenced by the existence of various categories of architecturally significant heritage buildings
with distinct qualities surrounding the town, creating a series of prominent linkages. This resulted in
many interesting public arenas and views being created in the streetscape. (Ismail et al.)
2.4 Swot Analysis
STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY THREAT
Low crime rate at the Less advertisement of Interesting places to Flood disaster
site the place resulting in visit to enjoy their happened in 2014
less tourists architecture and might happen again
traditions
Having strong ties in Did not have strong Enhance the online Economic downturn &
community internet connection; presence, and rising costs
engagement between weak engagements collaborate with local
the locals, fostering a outside the locals businesses to attract
sense of belonging and more customers
support.
The site surroundings Streetside vendors Hosting cultural events Shifts in consumer
has the advantage of cause traffic and or food festivals can preferences in
cultural heritage and a circulation issues draw more visitors to items/foods towards
central location in the site, hence the healthier or
Kuala Kangsar tourism growth international cuisine
may diminish demand
Figure 2.1: Morphology of planning of Kuala Kangsar Royal City for traditional
Malaysian dishes like
Source: Historic Streetscape Characterization: Exploring the Evolution of Street in the Malay Royal
cendol and laksa
Town
The solid and void analysis displays a loose built form and scattered development which emerged in
between the streets. Structures are more concentrated in the south of the river where the town nucleus
and elements of nodes, landmarks and main activities are located. While the morphological map of the
street pattern shows that streets were constructed parallel to the river and then spread perpendicular to
the main street. The town will spread following the grids of the earlier street, thus creating many cross
junctions. The postcolonial periods witnessed a vast development of the town, where the urban pattern
2.5 Synthesis For Human And Culture Creating organisation strategies to have a safer and better organised space for the morning bazaars,
which can also be followed for all other bazaars and Night markets,. This would solve the issue of
There is a strong sense of community among the locals because of the low crime rate and active people selling goods on the street side, which pose safety risks as well as traffic and circulation issues.
community involvement. Since the site's strategic location and rich cultural legacy present significant
opportunities for attracting tourists, initiatives should focus on improving marketing campaigns to Taking advantage of opportunities to highlight the site's architecture and traditions through cultural
maximise this advantage. events and food festivals that have a connection to the river can help to further stimulate tourism
growth. For example, having longer boat rides with meals included, which showcase an array of local
Strategies to address the shortcomings of inadequate advertising and inadequate internet connectivity cuisine, having a boat Hi-tea with similar concepts. These initiatives not only attract more visitors but
should prioritise improving online presence through targeted marketing campaigns and partnerships with also aid in the preservation and celebration of the site's cultural heritage.
local businesses. To lessen competition and enhance the entire visitor experience, it's also critical to
concentrate on differentiating vendors and expanding the menu options.
Figure 2.3: Innovating and integrating the river more into the activities of the site
However, it is essential to address potential hazards such as catastrophic flooding, economic downturns,
and rising costs. Important steps must be taken to ensure the site's long-term sustainability and mitigate
flood threats, including making investments in infrastructure for flood mitigation and putting
cost-cutting measures in place during recessions.
In summary, these programs have the potential to improve Kuala Kangsar's economy, generate job
opportunities, and improve the general standard of living for locals.
Figure 2.2: Potential bazaar set up with clear organisation in the
Kuala Kangsar Arena to avoid street-side selling and chaos.
CHAPTER 3.0 ZONING AND NEIGHBOURHOOD CONTEXT
3.1 Zoning
Zoning is a methodological tool used by local authorities to regulate land use within a particular area. It
establishes varying areas or districts, each with its own set of rules and regulations on what the land can
be used for. Basically, zoning is used as a means of guiding development to maintain an equilibrium in
terms of locating different activities (residential, commercial, industrial etc.) and ensuring community
welfare. Often zoning regulations determine such aspects as building heights, distances from property
lines, minimum lot sizes and even aesthetics.
(b)
Figure 3.0: (a) and (b) showing the zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town based on districts and land
use.
(Source : https://iplan.planmalaysia.gov.my/public/geoportal?view=zoning iplanmalaysia.com)
3.2 Classification Of Zoning
Within the context of urban planning, zoning is part of the integral process done by the
municipality or local government in segmenting different zones or districts according to their specific
regulations and restrictions regarding land use and development. Furthermore, the creation of zoning is
determined by several factors, such as zones are determined by the land use or a combination of several
activities which are typically created by local governments to promote orderly and efficient land use,
maintain community aesthetics, protect natural resources, and ensure the safety and well-being of
(a) residents. The urban planning takes in the consideration of each zone to determine whether planning
permission for a given development may be granted and zoning may specify a variety of outright and
conditional uses of land.
In Site B Kuala Kangsar, commercial zones make up almost the whole site. The location of the
site being at the centre of a commercial zone allows many opportunities for the site to improve in the
long term. Shoplots, handicraft shops and food stalls will help enhance the attraction points near Site B.
Commercial zone is the most densely populated area that allows locals and tourists to perform sales and
business throughout the day and slowly falter when approaching night time. The commercial district
could be identified by the rows of shophouses and stalls, and is suitable focal point for attraction in Site
B.
Figure 3.1: showing the zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town based on districts and land use.
(Source : Unveiling The Charms of Kuala Kangsar The Living Museum
https://anyflip.com/aspii/zumg/basic )
Planning the zoning may indicate the size and dimensions of lots that land may be subdivided
into, or the form and scale of buildings (Hodge, 2014). The following are some typical zoning
classifications: Figure 3.2: showing the Commercial zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town based on districts and land
use.
3.2.1 Commercial (Source : Unveiling the Charms of Kuala KangsarUnveiling The Charms of Kuala Kangsar The
Living Museum )
The classification of commercial property is put into several factors such as commercial real 3.2.2 Institutional
estate, investment property or income property. Furthermore, commercial buildings or lands are intended
to generate a profit, either from capital gains or rental income (Chen, 2022). The commercial property Institutional zones are commonly defined as the space or structure that functions as the that
includes office buildings, medical centres, hotels, malls, retail stores, multifamily housing buildings, fulfils a role related to healthcare, education, recreation, or public works (Campbell, 2021). Construction
farm land, warehouses, and garages. services teams that specialise in this type of work build everything from hospitals and elementary
schools to athletic facilities and university buildings. In other words, institutional construction
encompasses many of the buildings that matter most in the community.
Pegawai Hutan Kuala Kangsar Melayu Sdn. Bhd and Persatuan Kontraktor Melayu Daera Kuala
Kangsar at Jalan Dato Maharajalela. Administration zone will help in overseeing the activities of related
fields and frameworks that are required for attention at any time during work hours. This zone will be
busy at peak hours, and gradually lessen throughout the day.
Figure 3.3: showing the Administration zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town.

(Source :Unveiling The Charms of Kuala Kangsar The Living Museum
https://anyflip.com/aspii/zumg/basic Unveiling the Charms of Kuala Kangsar)
Site B is a commercial concentrated area, however there are several institutionally operated
buildings that provide services near the proximity of the site. For example, located at the northern part of Figure 3.4: showing the Administration zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town.
the site is the Kolej Komuniti Kuala Kangsar. Kolej Komuniti Kuala Kangsar is a public government (Source :Unveiling The Charms of Kuala Kangsar The Living Museum
college that provides teaching and learning at a tertiary level. Furthermore, the site is also equipped with https://anyflip.com/aspii/zumg/basic Unveiling the Charms of Kuala Kangsar)
a banking district in order to accommodate the financial needs for locals and tourists. In Site B, RHB
bank and Public Bank are situated along Jalan Daeng Selli.
3.2.3 Administration District
Administration zone is a classification that lays the groundwork for establishing the government and
administration work, official meetings and offices that are situated near to this type of zoning is critical
for city planning, as it separates areas with heavier and potentially disruptive activities from the lesser
and quieter part of the site. Furthermore, the identification of administrative buildings are fairly simple;
multi-storey buildings, bigger space and are less busier compared to other zones.
In Site B, since the land use is more focused on the commercial aspect of the whole Kuala Kangsar
Town, there are only several administration buildings identified near to Site B which are the Koperasi
Figure 3.6 showing the Administration Recreational zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town in Site B
Figure 3.5 showing the Administration building of Dewan Jubli Perak in Kuala Kangsar Town. near the Sungai Perak riverside.
(Source : Unveiling the Charms of Kuala KangsarGoogle Map 2023 ) (Source :Unveiling The Charms of Kuala Kangsar The Living Museum
https://anyflip.com/aspii/zumg/basic Unveiling the Charms of Kuala Kangsar)
3.2.4 Recreational
The location of Site B being near to Sungai Perak allows recreational activities to be carried out. The
recreational zone consists of areas that has open spaces, playgrounds and other leisure activities.
Playgrounds and wide open spaces serve as a buffer that separates the commercial area from the
riverside. The recreational park will also function as an open space for activities for families to spend
their time together. Recreational zone being near to the riverside will help in increasing the riverside
activities as well as enhancing the river attraction to promote more tourists to visit.
Figure 3.7 showing the Recreational zone of Dataran Vespa near the Sungai Perak riverside of
Kuala Kangsar Town in Site B.
3.3 Neighbourhood Context 3.3.1 Institutional
Within 150 m radius from the proposed site, the neighbourhood context concentrates on nearby
buildings. The area to be covered is supposed to reflect the peculiarity of the site such as its activities,
culture and the facilities provided which will make future built tourism centres independent of their
surrounding areas. According to Abdulla Baobeid The overall experience and well-being of residents are
influenced by neighbourhood context. Demographics, transportation, housing options, amenities and
businesses, safety and community resources are some of these factors.The presence of amenities and
businesses defines convenience and livability, while transportation accessibility influences mobility.
Evaluating overall security of a neighbourhood requires that safety considerations are kept in mind and
where there is availability of community resources, belongingness and involvement arises from those
aspects. It is therefore important to recognize the neighbourhood when making decisions about
residential areas to stay, investment on real estate, creating community or even planning for local
government initiatives. This allows for comprehensive assessment of the strengths, challenges and
potentials of a neighbourhood such that individuals and organisations can make informed choices (Misun
Hur & Hazel Morrow-Jones, 2008).
Figure 3.8: Map Showing the institutional building neighbourhood context in Site B.
Table 3.0 Table Showing List of institutional buildings neighbourhood context in Site B.
No Type Building name Road Image
1. Institutional Kolej Komuniti Kuala Kangsar Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
2. Institutional RHB Bank Kuala Kangsar Jalan Daeng Selili
3. Institutional Koperasi Pegawai Hutan Melayu Negeri Perak Berhad Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
4. Institutional Public Bank Jalan Daeng Selili
.
3.3.2 Administrative
Table 3.1 :Table Showing List of administrative neighbourhood context in site B.
No. Type Building Name Road Image
1. Administrative Persatuan kontraktor Melayu Daerah Kuala Kangsar Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
2. Administrative Pusat Khidmat Masyarakat India Muslim Kuala Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
Kangsar
3.3.3 Commercial
Table 3.2 :Table Showing List of commercial neighbourhood context in site B.
No Type Building name Road Image
1. Commercial SanCora Paint Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
2. Commercial Rizzal Optometrist Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

3. Commercial Prabut Gallant Furniture Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
4. Commercial Crossmac Cycle world Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

5. Commercial Kedai Basikal TRS Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
6. Commercial Dream pets Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
7. Commercial Empayar Kongsi Nubis Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

8. Commercial Kedai Emas Sri Ayu Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
9. Commercial Restoran Jannah Jalan Daeng Selli

10. Commercial Perniagaan kain Lim KK SDN BHD Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
11. Commercial Pasar Mini Nurul Amin Jalan Daeng Selili

12. Commercial Kedai Emas Seng Heng Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela
13. Commercial You Lee Hardware Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

14. Commercial Perabot Gallant Furniture Jalan Nakhoda
15 Commercial Sham and Sam Fashion Jalan Nakhoda

3.3.4 Recreational
Table 3.3 :Table Showing List of recreational neighbourhood context in site B.
No. Type Building Name Road Image
1. Recreational Taman Bandar Jalan Laksamana
2. Recreational Arena Kuala Kangsar Jalan Laksamana

3. Recreational Jetty Lembah Sungai Perak Kuala Jalan Laksamana
Kangsar
4. Recreational Recreation Park Kuala Kangsar

(Laman Budaya)
1. Recreational Dataran Vespa Jalan Laksamana

3.4 Swot Analysis For Zoning boosting the local in infrastructure are
economy. necessary to address
Table 3.4 of SWOT analysis and synthesis.
this threat.
STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY THREAT
Site B is situated Limited universal The Persiaran Sungai is Inadequate
Site B features an Facilities for pedestrians, Existing landmarks can Lack of proper flood
adjacent to the Perak access to the riverbank, capable of being a infrastructure
organised network of such as pedestrian be linked with urban control measures may
River, serving as a especially those with successful node. The development,
primary pathways, walkways, are not fully enhancements to create hinder the town's
vital link between the mobility impairments or jetty can be another especially concerning
with each pathway provided in certain areas a historical trail around ability to sustainably
royal and commoner limited transportation type of transportation flood management and
interconnected and leading to Site B. In the site, providing clear develop and attract
sectors of the options. This can result for tourists to come by mitigation. During the
ultimately leading to addition, there are some guidance to tourists. investments, ultimately
community. The in exclusion and reduced boat to the future rainy season, the risk
the clock tower. pedestrian pavements affecting its long-term
majority of community participation from certain theatre in Site B. of flooding poses a
that are not well growth and resilience.
activities occur along segments of the significant threat to the
maintained. This could
the riverbanks. This community, impacting town, impacting local
discourage the locals or
highlights the river's social cohesion and businesses, residences,
tourists from using the
significant role in inclusivity. and infrastructure.
facilities within walking
drawing both locals
distance and using
and tourists to the site.
vehicles to get there
instead, which can cause The site is situated Traffic congestion The site's topography Zoning site analysis
more carbon emissions in next to the problems stem from can be utilised in the may reveal
the area. commercial district, insufficient road design of the theatre, infrastructure
which is the most infrastructure and offering extensive limitations such as
Most of the current Speedy cars on Main Improving pedestrian Insufficient
crowded and dense ineffective traffic possibilities for creating inadequate roadways,
roads in Site B Road, especially during amenities aims to draw maintenance of
area of the town, and it planning. Certain roads a structure that could utilities, or public
facilitate traffic flow peak hour. resulting in a higher number of existing
becomes the main focal may be too narrow or subsequently draw services, posing
in two directions, difficulty for pedestrians tourists arriving via infrastructure, such as
point of the locals, lack sufficient lanes to tourists to the region. challenges to site
contributing to the to cross the vehicular public transportation. roads, and utilities in
which can then handle the volume of development and
overall permeability of street. The influx of tourists the zone, can lead to
contribute to the vehicles, particularly requiring costly
vehicular movement would in turn bolster service disruptions,
longevity of the future during peak times. As a upgrades or
along the main routes. the promotion of safety hazards, and
development of site B. result, traffic bottlenecks mitigations.
tourism and cultural increased costs for
occur, causing delays as
events in Kuala repairs. Regular
vehicles vie for limited
Kangsar, thereby upkeep and investment
space.
Figure 3.7: showing the Kolej Komuniti Kuala Kangsar an institutional building on Jalan Dato
Maharaja Lela surrounded by commercial district
3.5 Synthesis For Zoning
In Kuala Kangsar, urban zoning is defined by the active participation in local initiatives and
programs. It not only strengthens the community bond but also promotes inclusivity and vibrancy within
the neighbourhood. The city's commitment to preserving its cultural heritage and traditional architecture
is evident through initiatives that focus on conserving historical buildings and areas such as MAsjid
Ubudiah And Istana Iskandariah. These efforts contribute significantly to Kuala Kangsar’s appeal as a
Royal town destination, attracting visitors and enhancing its cultural identity.
Moreover, Kuala Kangsar benefits from a well-defined zoning plan that divides the city into
distinct zones, including commercial, administration, institutional and recreational areas. This zoning
strategy facilitates efficient urban development and ensures that the diverse needs of the population are Figure 3.8: showing the Recreational zone of Dataran Vespa near the Sungai Perak riverside of
met effectively. It also supports sustainable growth while preserving the city's unique character. Kuala Kangsar Town in Site B.
Furthermore, due to the strategic and busy location of the site, improving public amenities will allow
significant growth to the surrounding area. However, despite these strengths, Kuala Kangsar faces challenges as the city grapples with a
shortage of available land, particularly in the core areas, which limits its ability to expand and
accommodate growing demands. Additionally, meeting the increasing need for housing and
infrastructure remains a significant challenge. While the city has made strides in infrastructure
development, certain neighbourhoods still lack essential amenities, leading to disparities in access to
basic services.
Traffic congestion is another issue plaguing Kuala Kangsar, primarily due to poor traffic planning
and inadequate road infrastructure. These challenges impact the overall efficiency and livability of the
city, highlighting the need for comprehensive solutions to improve urban mobility and infrastructure.
Looking towards the future, Kuala Kangsar holds promising prospects for growth and development.
Urban redevelopment initiatives in various neighbourhoods present opportunities to revitalise the
opportunity to alleviate the urban quality and attract more focus on the Royal town of Perak. By
improving in these initiatives, the city can enhance its citizens' quality of life and create a more
harmonious urban environment.
CHAPTER 4.0: CIRCULATION
4.1 Classification Of Road
Circulation, in the context of site analysis for Kuala Kangsar town, generally refers to the
movement of people, vehicles, and goods within the urban environment. It encompasses the layout
and connectivity of roads, pathways, sidewalks, and other transportation infrastructure within the
town. Understanding circulation is essential for assessing the accessibility, efficiency, and safety of
movement within Kuala Kangsar, a significant factor in urban planning and development. Site
analysis is a critical aspect of urban planning and design, particularly in understanding the
circulation patterns within a town like Kuala Kangsar. According to the Draf Rancangan Tempatan
Daerah Kuala Kangsar 2035 (Penggantian) Jilid 1: Strategi Pembangunan, circulation refers to the
movement of people, vehicles, and goods within the urban environment (Jabatan Perancangan
Bandar dan Desa Kuala Kangsar, 2020). This movement encompasses various modes of
transportation, including pedestrian pathways, roads, and public transportation routes.
Understanding circulation patterns is essential for site analysis as it provides insights into the
accessibility, connectivity, and functionality of different areas within the town.
Figure 3.9: showing the proposed zoning of Site B

In Kuala Kangsar, circulation plays a significant role in shaping the town's spatial layout and overall
urban experience. Efficient circulation infrastructure ensures smooth movement between key
Furthermore, there is potential for sustainable development initiatives within the zoning planning
destinations such as commercial centres, residential neighbourhoods, cultural landmarks, and
near to the riverside while embracing green building practices, promoting renewable energy sources, and
recreational areas. It also influences the distribution of activities and amenities, impacting the town's
integrating ecologically friendly infrastructure can position Kuala Kangsar as an environmentally
livability and economic vitality. By analysing circulation patterns, urban planners and designers can
conscious city. This approach not only contributes to environmental sustainability but also supports
identify areas with traffic congestion, pedestrian safety concerns, or inadequate transportation
economic growth and resilience in order to maintain an evergreen urbanisation. This approach also
access, allowing for targeted interventions and improvements to enhance the town's mobility and
aligns with the enhancement of Sungai Perak riverside; it can serve as a major attraction and focal point
accessibility for residents and visitors alike.
for the city's development efforts. By revitalising the riverside area, creating recreational spaces, and
promoting riverfront activities, Kuala Kangsar can leverage its natural assets to enhance tourism,
Various types of roads serve different functions and purposes, each contributing to the country's
improve quality of life, and foster a stronger sense of community pride.
transportation network. These road classifications include federal roads, protocol roads, arterial
roads, and collector roads were an integral part of Malaysia's transportation infrastructure, catering
Overall, through strategic urban planning, community engagement, sustainable development
to various transportation needs and contributing to the country's economic development and societal
initiatives, and the enhancement of key assets like Sungai Perak riverside, Kuala Kangsar can navigate
well-being.
its challenges and fulfil its full potential as a thriving and inclusive city.
high traffic volumes and provide essential links between urban centres, industrial areas, ports, and
Table 4.0 : Type of road in Kuala Kangsar airports. They are key components of Malaysia's national road network, contributing to economic
growth and regional development. (Federal Functional Classification of Highways, 2022)
Type of road Function
Federal road Federal roads are major highways maintained by the federal
government, linking major cities and facilitating long-distance travel
and trade.
Protocol road Protocol roads are specialised routes reserved for royal and official use
during ceremonies and events
Arterial road Arterial roads are primary routes within urban areas, connecting
residential neighbourhoods, commercial districts, and industrial zones.
Collector road Collector roads act as intermediary routes, collecting and distributing
traffic between local roads and arterial roads.
Local road Local roads, or residential streets, serve local traffic within
neighbourhoods, providing access to individual properties and
community facilities.
4.2 Arterial Road Figure 4.0: Federal roads in Kuala Kangsar

(Source : Kajian Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Kuala Kangsar 2035)
Arterial roads are primary roads that serve as major thoroughfares within urban areas, connecting
residential neighbourhoods, commercial districts, and industrial zones. These roads facilitate the
movement of traffic between different parts of the city and provide access to key destinations such
as schools, hospitals, and shopping centres. Arterial roads typically have higher speed limits and
wider lanes compared to local streets, making them suitable for efficient travel over longer distances
within urban environments. (Federal Functional Classification of Highways, 2022). Federal and
protocol roads may intersect with or contribute to the arterial road network, they serve distinct
functions.
Federal roads are significant highways maintained by the Malaysian Public Works Department
(JKR). They typically connect major cities and towns across different states and play a crucial role
in facilitating inter-state travel and transportation of goods. Federal roads are designed to handle
linking different parts of Kuala Kangsar and facilitating local transportation needs. It serves as a
primary route for commuters, residents, and visitors travelling within the town.
Jalan Istana, forming part of Federal Route 136, serves a specific function within Kuala
Kangsar town. It is commonly associated with providing access to the Istana Iskandariah, the royal
palace of the Sultan of Perak, which is a significant landmark in the town. Jalan Istana serves as an
access road to the palace grounds and surrounding areas, catering to visitors, dignitaries, and royal
events. Additionally, it may also facilitate local traffic movement within its vicinity, supporting
residential and commercial activities in the surrounding area.
In Kuala Kangsar, the concept of protocol roads is closely tied to the city's historical and
cultural significance as a royal town. Protocol roads are specialised routes designated specifically for
use by royalty, government officials, dignitaries, and official ceremonies or events. These roads are
meticulously planned and maintained to ensure smooth and secure transportation for members of the
royal family and visiting dignitaries during official functions.
Figure 4.1: Arterial roads in Kuala Kangsar that connected to Site B
Given Kuala Kangsar's status as a royal town and home to the Sultan of Perak, protocol
In Kuala Kangsar town, arterial roads which are Jalan Daeng Selili (A1), Jalan Taiping (A1), roads play a crucial role in facilitating the movement of royalty and upholding ceremonial protocols.
Jalan Kangsar (A3), and Jalan Istana (A136) as shown in Figure 4.2 (b) play essential roles in These roads often lead to significant royal landmarks and institutions, such as the Istana Iskandariah,
facilitating transportation and connectivity that contribute to the transportation infrastructure of Galeri Sultan Azlan Shah and the Masjid Ubudiah.
Kuala Kangsar town, enabling efficient movement of people and goods while supporting the
socio-economic development and urban functionality of the area. Protocol roads in Kuala Kangsar are characterised by stringent security measures, ceremonial
adornments, and restricted access to ensure the safety and dignity of royal processions and events.
Jalan Daeng Selili and Jalan Taiping, forming part of Federal Route 1, serve as crucial They serve as symbolic corridors that reflect the city's rich cultural heritage and historical legacy as
arteries connecting Kuala Kangsar with nearby towns such as Taiping. As Federal Route 1, they a centre of royal authority in Perak.
function as major highways, facilitating long-distance travel and the movement of goods and people
between different regions. Jalan Daeng Selili and Jalan Taiping contribute significantly to the
transportation network in Kuala Kangsar, supporting economic activities, tourism, and commuting
between urban centres and rural areas.
Jalan Kangsar, designated as Federal Road 3, serves as a vital thoroughfare within Kuala
Kangsar town. It provides access to various amenities, commercial establishments, and residential
areas within the town. As a federal road, Jalan Kangsar plays a key role in intra-city mobility,
Table 4.1 : Arterial road of Site B in Kuala Kangsar Jalan Kangsar
(A3)
ROAD NAME PICTURE
Jalan Daeng
Selili (A1)
Federal Route 3, Jalan Kangsar
Jalan Istana
(A136)
Federal Route 1, Jalan Daeng Selili
Jalan Taiping
(A1)
Federal Route 136, Jalan Istana heading southeast to Kuala Kangsar Royal
Complex and Istana Iskandariah
Federal Route 1, Jalan Taiping

4.3 Collector Road
Collector roads function as intermediary routes that collect and distribute traffic from local
roads to arterial roads. They serve as connectors between residential streets and larger transportation
corridors, helping to alleviate congestion on arterial roads and provide access to local amenities and
facilities. Collector roads typically have lower traffic volumes compared to arterial roads and are
designed with fewer lanes and lower speed limits. They play a crucial role in enhancing the
accessibility and connectivity of neighbourhoods within urban areas. (Federal Functional
Classification of Highways, 2022)
sufficient parking spaces, loading zones, and pedestrian crossings, further enhancing the
functionality and safety of the commercial area.
Jalan Laksamana provides two-way ingress and egress road access throughout Arena Square
Kuala Kangsar, food courts, commercial shop lots to public parking spaces at Jeti Lembah Sungai
Perak.
Jalan Nakhoda and Jalan Temenggung are also used as versatile spaces during public
holidays such as Ramadan and Eid Fitr, particularly when temporary local bazaar canopies are set
up in parking spaces. These roads, typically designed to collect and distribute traffic between local
roads and arterial roads, offer accessible locations for hosting temporary markets. During public
events, parking spaces along collector roads can be repurposed to accommodate local vendors,
stalls, and pop-up shops, transforming the area into a vibrant marketplace. However, insufficient
parking spaces may lead to serious traffic congestion on arterial roads.
Jalan Shahbandar significantly make is accessible for peoples with local business of the
rattan handicrafts, Labu Sayong, local merchandise at Handicraft Complex and local foods such as
Laksa, Cendol and Ais Kacang at most famous Lembah Sungai Perak Laksa and Cendol Food court
Figure 4.2: Collector roads in Kuala Kangsar that connected to Site B
beside Sungai Kangsar.
Jalan Laksamana, Jalan Shahbandar and Jalan Temenggung that primarily function as
Table 4.2: Collector road of Site B in Kuala Kangsar
collector road in Site B were directly connected to Jalan Daeng Selili and Jalan Istana and
ROAD NAME PICTURE
intersected with the significant Kuala Kangsar Clock Tower roundabout where other arterial roads
are connected. These roads function as intermediary routes that collect and distribute traffic between Jalan
Laksamana
local roads and arterial roads, effectively managing the flow of vehicles and pedestrians within the
commercial district. In the context of grid organisation of urban planning, collector roads often form
the secondary grid network to complement the primary arterial roads. such as Jalan Dato
Maharajalela, Jalan Nakhoda and Jalan Temenggung Wan Hassan.
In Site B, collector roads provide access to individual shoplots, food courts and local
marketplace allowing customers and delivery vehicles to navigate the area efficiently. These roads
help distribute traffic evenly throughout the commercial district, reducing congestion on main
arterial roads and improving accessibility to businesses. Additionally, collector roads mostly feature Two-way ingress road, Jalan Laksamana
Jalan
Shahbandar
Two-way engress road, Jalan Laksamana

One-way road, Jalan Shahbandar
Jalan
Temenggung
4.4 Local Road
Local roads, also known as residential streets or neighbourhood streets, primarily serve local traffic
within residential areas. These roads provide access to individual properties, schools, parks, and
other community facilities. Local roads prioritise safety and comfort for pedestrians and cyclists,
with lower speed limits and traffic calming measures such as speed bumps and traffic circles. While
they may have limited capacity for through traffic, local roads are essential for creating livable and
cohesive neighbourhoods. (Federal Functional Classification of Highways, 2022)
One-way road, Jalan Temenggung
Jalan Nakhoda Memory Lane in Kuala Kangsar is a repurposed road with 7-metre width that holds
significant cultural and historical value for the local community. Formerly known as Jalan Stesen,
Memory Lane has been transformed into a vibrant flea market and nostalgic walkway where locals
and visitors alike can stroll down memory lane. This repurposed road serves as a communal space
where people gather to reminisce, socialise, and browse through a variety of antiques, collectibles,
and preloved items.
Saiful Azli Mohamed Nor, the Secretary of the Kuala Kangsar Municipal Council (MPKK),
stated that all the mural paintings adorning the back of the row of 35 shop houses are capable of
One-way road, Jalan Nakhoda boosting this area as an informative tourist destination. According to him, the works of a group of
painters from the Lukisan Art Studio along the 150-metre lane portray unique icons synonymous The accessibility facilitated by these collector roads is further complemented by ample
with Kuala Kangsar as a royal town in Perak. (Kosmo Online, Feb 2024) parking provisions meticulously provided by the MPKK. Whether in the form of parallel or
herringbone parking, these parking facilities ensure that visitors have convenient access to the
vibrant amenities and attractions of Site B.
Moreover, the accessibility extends beyond land routes, as Site B also benefits from
convenient riverside access via Sungai Perak. As a significant waterway, the Perak River
accommodates boats as main modes of water transportation. This accessibility not only supports
local transportation needs but also fosters regional trade activities, enriching the area's economic
landscape. Additionally, Sungai Perak serves as a venue for the majestic royal ceremonial tradition
by the Perak royal family, adding to the cultural significance and vibrancy of the region.
Figure 4.3: Kuala Kangsar Memory Lane

4.5 Accessibility
Situated near the Jetty of Lembah Sungai Perak, Site B enjoys excellent accessibility through
a network of collector roads such as Jalan Laksamana, Jalan Temenggung, and Jalan Shahbandar,
which branch out from major arterial roads like Jalan Daeng Selili, Jalan Taiping, Jalan Kangsar,
and Jalan Istana. This comprehensive road network ensures seamless connectivity within the area,
facilitating the smooth movement of a substantial number of individuals simultaneously.
Jalan Laksamana and Jalan Temenggung stand as pivotal entry points to Site B, providing
convenient access to an array of public amenities. Visitors can explore diverse offerings, including
community areas, shop houses, food courts, and bustling marketplaces such as Arena Kuala
Kangsar, Kolej Komuniti Kuala Kangsar, and the iconic Memory Lane. Furthermore, Jalan
Shahbandar, meandering past the Handicraft Complex and the renowned Cendol and Laksa Food
Court, offers a well-connected exit route. This thoroughfare seamlessly links with the Kuala
Kangsar Clock Tower roundabout, where Jalan Taiping, Jalan Istana, and Jalan Kangsar converge, Figure 4.4: Ingress and egress accessibility to Site B
facilitating smooth traffic circulation throughout the area.
During public holidays and special occasions such as grand Jumaat congregation prayers, the
4.6 Traffic Volume traffic volume in Lembah Sungai Perak experiences a notable surge. Locals and visitors alike gather
in larger numbers for religious observances, cultural events, and festivities, leading to increased
Traffic volume for circulation refers to the measurement of the number of vehicles passing vehicular and pedestrian traffic in commercial and heritage tourism areas. As a result, traffic
through a specific point on a road or transportation network within a given period, typically congestion may intensify, particularly around popular markets, and tourist attractions, requiring
expressed as vehicles per hour or vehicles per day. This metric provides valuable insights into the additional traffic management measures to ensure smooth flow and safety.
level of activity and congestion within a transportation system, helping urban planners, engineers,
and policymakers understand traffic patterns, assess road capacity, and identify areas of congestion
or potential improvement (Urban Street Edge, 2018).
The significance of traffic volume for circulation in urban studies lies in its role in evaluating
the efficiency and effectiveness of transportation infrastructure and systems. By analysing traffic
volume data, researchers can identify trends, patterns, and peak periods of traffic flow, allowing for
informed decision-making in transportation planning, design, and management. Ultimately,
understanding traffic volume helps in optimising road networks, improving traffic flow, reducing
congestion, and enhancing overall mobility and accessibility within urban areas.
The traffic volume throughout a day in prominent commercial and heritage tourism areas in
Lembah Sungai Perak within the Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar varies significantly depending on
the day of the week and special occasions such as public holidays and grand Jumaat congregation
prayers.
Figure 4.5: Fast traffic at 9.00 a.m
During weekdays, particularly on normal working days, the traffic volume tends to be
moderate during the morning and evening rush hours as commuters travel to and from work, school,
and other daily activities. However, during the daytime, the traffic volume in commercial areas
significantly decreases slightly as people are engaged in work-related activities.
On weekends, especially on Saturdays and Sundays, the traffic volume in prominent

commercial and heritage tourism areas typically increases significantly. This is due to higher
footfall from local residents and tourists who visit the area for leisure activities, shopping, dining,
and exploring the heritage sites. The traffic congestion peaks during mid-morning to late afternoon
as visitors flock to popular destinations, causing temporary delays and congestion on roads leading
to these areas.
Figure 4.6: Moderate traffic at 12.00 p.m

Table 4.3: Traffic volume data within the area of Site B
DAY TIME TRAFFIC
Weekdays 12:00 am - 9:00 am Traffic fast

(Monday - Friday) - Minimal activities
9:00 am - 12:00 pm Traffic moderate

- Working hours
12:00 am - 4:00 pm Traffic high ( slow)

- Lunch hour time
4:00 pm - 6:00 pm Traffic high (very slow)

- Locals enjoying
recreational park
6:00 pm - 12:00 am Traffic moderate
Weekend 12:00 am - 9:00 am Traffic fast

(Saturday - Sunday) - Minimal activities
Figure 4.7: Moderate traffic at 4.00 p.m
9:00 am - 12:00 pm Traffic moderate
- Minimal activities
12:00 am - 4:00 pm Traffic high (very slow)

- Lunch hour time
- Tourist attraction
4:00 pm - 6:00 pm Traffic high (very slow)

- Tourist attraction
- Locals enjoying
recreational park
6:00 pm - 12:00 am Traffic high (slow)

- Holiday activities
4.7 Parking
Figure 4.8: Fast to moderate traffic at 6.00 p.m

Parking space refers to designated areas or facilities where vehicles can be temporarily parked
or stored. These spaces may be located within parking lots, parking garages, on-street parking
zones, or other designated areas, and they serve as essential components of urban infrastructure to
accommodate the parking needs of residents, visitors, and commuters (Urban Design Manual
Volume 3 Community Nodes, 2016).
The significance of parking space in urban studies lies in its impact on transportation, land use, and Herringbone
urban development. Adequate parking provision contributes to efficient mobility and accessibility Parking
within urban areas, reducing traffic congestion, enhancing pedestrian safety, and promoting
economic vitality by facilitating access to businesses, commercial areas, and recreational
destinations.
Table 4.4: Type of parkings within the area of Site B
Parallel Parking
Parking area at Jetty Lembah Sungai Perak
Combined
Parking
Parallel parking at Jalan Shahbandar

Prominent road interconnected with
commercial districts - handcrafting,
Labu Sayong merchandise, local
food laksa & cendol, heritage
shophouses
Road was efficient to connect

commercial districts.
Herringbone parking at Jalan Nakhoda
Road and parking facilities is

accessible by PWD and maintained
4.8 Swot Analysis Circulation
in good shape by MPKK
Table 4.4 as shown below explains the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat that have been
identified and analysed on Site B.
Table 4.4 : SWOT of circulation at Site B in Kuala Kangsar PWD parking was provided
beside Medan Laksa dan Cendol
ANALYSIS PICTURE
STRENGTH Proximity & road accessibility with WEAKNESS Drainage infrastructure was
Kuala Kangsar Heritage Old Town, insufficient to accommodate flood
New Town & Royal Heritage prone area
Compound
Existing drainage not sufficient

during flood
Insufficient parking and turning

Site B (purple region) is situated at
radius point for large wheeled
centre of Kuala Kangsar tourist vehicle such bus and mid-lorry
attraction
Parking area is sufficient but not Axis of the road overlooks Sg.
properly provided for bus Perak waterfront directed an
infinity urban landscape serenity
Daily traffic congestion during
evening rush hours
Low-lying terrain of the

topography overlook Sungai Perak
THREAT Road inaccessible during flood due

to flood-prone area
Traffic jammed at Jalan

Shahbandar from Menara Jam
roundabout
Memory Lane exposed the tourist

with rainy season and direct Flood at Jalan Laksamana
sunlight exposure (Source: Berita Harian, 2014)
Significant urban issue of occupied

territory on sidewalks, landscapes
and parking spaces for commercial
purposes
Pedestrian walkway exposed to

weathering
OPPORTUNITY Road directed through heritage

tourism of shop houses architecture Illegal local business on sidewalk
and mural art walkway Memory with drive thru at Jalan
Lane
Laksamana
Heritage old shop lot districts

associated quantity changes. Measurements of common items include wind speed, rainfall, and surface
temperature. Climate is the largest term used to describe the condition, which includes the statistical
4.9 Synthesis For Circulation breakdown of the climatic system.
Incorporating the solutions for the area's circulation SWOT analysis, it becomes clear that
Kuala Kangsar is a town in Peninsular Malaysia's northwest. It is situated near the main rail and
making the most of its advantages by being close to and easily accessible from Kuala Kangsar's Old
road network and west coast roads along the Perak River. It has a tropical rainforest climate. All year
Town, New Town, and Royal Heritage Compound is crucial. Zoning plans can be used to designate
long, the legion endures extreme temperatures and copious amounts of rainfall.
specific areas for commercial activities while maintaining the historical significance of the
shophouses, which would address the weakness of well-known roads being used for commercial
Rainfall accumulation over a sliding 31-day period centred on each day of the year is displayed in
purposes and heritage shophouses.
order to highlight variance between the months rather than just the monthly totals. The monthly rainfall
in Kuala Kangsar fluctuates greatly throughout the season.
The opportunity that inadequate drainage presents during floods necessitates the installation of
upgraded infrastructure and drainage systems to reduce the risk of flooding and guarantee the security
Kuala Kangsar has rain every season of the year. November has an average rainfall of 261.62mm
and well-being of locals and guests alike. Furthermore, by creating designated parking areas with
making it the wettest month in Kuala Kangsar, 91.44mm of rain falls on average in February, the month
enough turning spaces that are thoughtfully positioned to accommodate larger vehicles without creating
with the least amount of rain in Kuala Kangsar.
traffic jams or discomfort, the threat posed by inadequate parking and turning radius points for large
vehicles, like tour buses and mid-lorries, can be addressed.
Kuala Kangsar has a hot, muggy, and cloudy climate. The average annual temperature fluctuates
between 74°F and 91°F; it is rarely lower or higher than 94°F. The best seasons to visit Kuala Kangsar
Other than that, implementing a thorough mobility management strategy to lower the number
for hot-weather activities are from late December to mid-March and from mid-July to early August,
of cars on the road during peak hours. This strategy should include incentives for carpooling, staggered
according to the tourist score.
work hours, and enhanced public transportation alternatives. Enhances the landscape through the
road's axis to improve the beautiful scenery of the Sg. Perak shoreline, resulting in an urban
environment that gives guests a feeling of tranquillity and boundlessness.
Decision makers can preserve the region's cultural legacy, guarantee the safety and happiness of
all users, and improve accessibility, circulation, and ease traffic by putting these customised solutions
into practice.
CHAPTER 5.0: CLIMATE AND SENSORY
The average weather or, more precisely, a statistical description over time periods ranging from
months to thousands or millions of years is what is meant by "climate" in the chapter on averages and
5.1 Temperature
The weather in Kuala Kangsar is hot, humid, and cloudy. Throughout the year, the temperature
ranges from 24°C - 30°C , seldom falling below 24°C or rising over 30°C. According to the tourism
score, the best times of year to visit Kuala Kangsar for hot-weather activities are mid-July to early
August and late December to mid-March.
Figure 5.1: Average High and Low Temperature by hours

Source : (Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia Weather in June: Average Temperature & Climate, n.d.Kuala Kangsar,
Malaysia weather in June: average temperature & climate. (n.d.). Wanderlog.
https://wanderlog.com/weather/3005/6/kuala-kangsar-weather-in-june)
Figure 5.0: Average High and Low Temperature by months. 5.2 Rainfall Precipitation
Source :(Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia Weather in June: Average Temperature & Climate, n.d.Kuala Kangsar,
Malaysia weather in June: average temperature & climate. (n.d.). Wanderlog. The wetter season lasts 4.0 months, from August 29 to December 27, and there is a greater than
51% probability of rain on any one day. The wettest month in Kuala Kangsar is November, with an
average of 21.1 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation. The dry season lasts for 8.0 months, from
December 27 to August 29. The month with the fewest rainy days in Kuala Kangsar is February, with an
The graph below depicts a concise depiction of the full year's hourly average temperatures. The average of 8.6 days with at least 0.04 inches of rain.
horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colour is the average
temperature for that hour and day. It distinguishes between rainy days that encounter only rain, November is the rainiest month in
Kuala Kangsar, with an average of 21.1 days. According to this classification, rain is the most prevalent
kind of precipitation throughout the year, with a maximum likelihood of 73% on November 8.
5.3 Relative Humidity
The humidity comfort level is based on the dew point, which influences whether perspiration
evaporates off the skin, cooling the body. Lower dew points seem dryer, whereas higher dew points feel
more humid. Unlike temperature, which fluctuates dramatically between night and day, dew point
changes more slowly, thus while the temperature may decrease at night, a humid day is usually followed
by another muggy night.
The perceived humidity level in Kuala Kangsar, as defined by the proportion of time in which the
humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or uncomfortable, does not fluctuate greatly throughout the
course of the year, staying a nearly constant 100% throughout the year.
Figure 5.2: Daily Chance of Precipitation in Kuala Kangsar

Figure 5.4: Humidity Comfort Level in Kuala Kangsar.

https://wanderlog.com/weather/3005/6/kuala-kangsar-weather-in-june
Figure 5.3: Average Monthly Rainfall in Kuala Kangsar
5.4 Shadow Casting
https://wanderlog.com/weather/3005/6/kuala-kangsar-weather-in-june
The duration of the day in Kuala Kangsar varies little throughout the year, remaining within 23
minutes of 12 hours. In 2024, the shortest day is December 21, with 11 hours and 51 minutes of daylight,
while the longest day is June 21, with 12 hours and 24 minutes of daylight.The earliest dawn occurs at
7:01 AM on October 25, while the latest sunrise is 31 minutes later at 7:32 AM on February 5. The
earliest sunset occurs at 6:57 PM on November 10, while the latest sunset is 36 minutes later, at 7:33 PM
on July 17.

a) 3p.m b) 6p.m
5.5 Wind Direction
The wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 metres above the ground is
covered in this section. Instantaneous wind speed and direction fluctuate more than hourly averages, and
the wind experienced at any one site is largely dependent on the geography of the area as well as other
factors.
Over the year, Kuala Kangsar's average hourly wind speed is very constant, averaging between
0.4 and 3.4 miles per hour every day.
Figure 5.5 : Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Kuala Kangsar

Figure 5.6: Average Wind Speed in Kuala Kangsar

a) 9 a.m b) 12p.m Malaysia weather in June: average temperature & climate. (n.d.). Wanderlog.

5.6 Tide Table Sungai Perak 2024
The sluice gates are operated by Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) staff according to the tide
table, rain conditions or the height of the water level in the river. Officers will be provided with a tide
table so that they are prepared to close the gate at high tide and open it when the water level from
upstream is higher than normal.
Figure 5.7: Average Wind Rose in Kuala Kangsar

Figure 5.8: Water Level Threshold in Kuala Kangsar

Source : Perak River Level. (n.d.). http://infobanjir.scadatron.com/perakw.asp
5.8 Visual
5.7 Sensory
Daran Lembah Sungai Perak is one of the key attractions for travellers visiting Kuala Kangsar,
The sensory element is made up of smells, sounds, and textures. The senses have a significant Perak. This is because it is a Malay royal city that has remained untouched till now. In line with this,
impact on how a person feels about a space when it comes to design. Its goal is to identify which parts of proposed site B is very strategic since it is surrounded by a charming and intriguing environment, such
the property have nice or terrible views, as well as which emits objectionable sounds and odours. This as facing the Sungai Perak jetty and Perak's heritage monuments.
implies that there's a good likelihood that people's interactions with their built environment will be
enhanced by sensory architecture.
Figure 5.10: View from site toward the jetty and Dataran Lembah Sungai Perak
Figure 5.11: View from site toward Jalan Temenggong.
Figure 5.9: A summary of the sensory on the site considering the three sense elements which view,
smell, and noise.
Figure 5.12: View from site toward Jalan Syahbandar

Figure 5.13: View from site toward Memorial Lane.
a) b)
Figure 5.15: Dirty and smelly drains from the waste from the rows of food stalls and garbage all over
the place.
Furthermore, food waste emits an odour owing to the careless behaviour of traders collecting
trash for sale by appointment, and the general mentality of the population to litter everywhere because
there is nowhere to dispose of garbage surrounding Dataran Lembah Sungai Perak. This must be stressed
since it may result in harm to both the visitors' comfort and the hygienic quality of the food served.
Figure 5.14: View from site toward Jalan Laksamana.
5.9 Smell
Although site B offers a lovely view, such as a jetty, and is in a tourist-friendly area, there are a
few irresponsible persons, both on top and among the locals, who recklessly neglect the cleanliness issue
to the point of polluting the environment.
Odour pollution caused by drain holes that are not plugged or do not receive regular maintenance
allows irresponsible people to toss waste directly down the drain rather than into the trash bin.
a) b)
Figure 5.16: The widespread disposal of garbage by food sellers and the local community contributes
to foul odour pollution from food waste.
5.10 Noise
Noise pollution is sometimes beneficial and sometimes even causes discomfort for new visitors
who come to the area of site B. The sound of birds chirping in the morning and at dusk on top of a shop
that was built without the approval of the authorities, it causes some discomfort to visitors who eat in the
"Perak River Valley Square" because of the noise when returning to the nest.
Figure 5.18: Kuala Kangsar farmer's market every weekend.
Figure 5.17: The birdhouse is on top of a row of shophouses near the visitors' resting area.
Every weekend, there will be a farmer's market that sells a variety of food and raw and dry
goods to local residents, this is the main event that attracts people to come in the morning, this not only
affects traffic and footpaths but it also invites pollution the sound of car horns, the sound of people
shouting to buy and sell and the noise of battery machines for food preparation activities.
5.11 Swot Climate And Sensory
Table 5.0 as shown below explains the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat that have been
identified and analysed on Site B.
Table 5.0 : SWOT of Site B in Kuala Kangsar
ANALYSIS PICTURE
OPPORTUNITY ● Solar panel for electricity -
STRENGTHS ● Receive direct wind flow from because the site receives
west and southwest sunlight all day
THREAT ● Flash floods disaster will occur Based on the interview with the
as expected once every 10 locals.
years
WEAKNESS ● Smoke from the food stall

nearby
● Bad smells from several

garbage dumps around the site
● Exposed trash located

surrounding the sites due to the
nearby commercial area
5.12 Synthesis For Climate And Sensory
Figure 5.12.2: Building Orientation and Strategy
Furthermore, sustainability goes beyond individual buildings and includes larger community
behaviours like food vendors and garbage management. Implementing municipal legislation or standards
requiring food sellers to use eco-friendly cooking equipment and provide enough ventilation not only
Figure 5.12.1: Building Orientation and Strategy
decreases environmental effect but also improves public health and safety. Similarly, maintaining regular
When considering the future of urban development in Kuala Kangsar, Perak, sustainability trash collection and disposal schedules reduces rubbish buildup in landfills, lowering environmental
emerges as a guiding concept for planned construction orientation and tactics. By carefully considering pollution and health risks.
building orientation, architects and urban planners may maximise energy efficiency and indoor comfort
by leveraging natural components like sunshine and wind. Open internal areas within buildings allow for
natural ventilation and air flow, decreasing the need for mechanical cooling systems and fostering a
healthier indoor atmosphere.
Figure 5.12.3 : Open Indoor Spaces
Furthermore, proactive waste management strategies include relocating or enclosing rubbish

dumps to contain and prevent odours from spreading. Municipalities can lessen the detrimental effects of
garbage buildup on public health and quality of life by moving dumps away from residential areas or
enclosing them in authorised buildings. CHAPTER 7.0: NATURAL AND MANMADE FEATURES
In architecture, the distinction between natural and manmade features holds significant meaning,
shaping the design and perception of built environments. Natural features refer to elements inherent to
the landscape, such as terrain, vegetation, and bodies of water. These elements often influence
architectural decisions, with buildings designed to complement or integrate with their surroundings,
fostering a harmonious relationship between the built and natural environments. Manmade features, on
the other hand, are the products of human intervention, including structures, roads, and urban
infrastructure. They reflect human ingenuity, culture, and societal needs, often defining the character and
function of a place. In architectural design, the interplay between natural and manmade features is
crucial, as it enables the creation of spaces that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing and
culturally relevant.
Figure 5.12.4: Solar Panel As Facade Following an extensive site inspection, numerous natural and man-made attributes have been
meticulously observed and evaluated within the site context.Adjacent to the proposed location for Site B
Finally, including renewable energy sources like solar panels into building design demonstrates a lies Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar, adorned with substantial foliage that offers ample shading
clear commitment to sustainability and resilience. Installing solar panels on building roofs or facades not to the vicinity. Consequently, the trees indigenous to this area are predominantly local species such as
only decreases dependency on fossil fuels, but also produces clean, renewable energy that helps to frangipani,orchid,almond tree and Indian laurel tree, given the proximity to the protocol road. Moreover,
mitigate climate change and cuts utility bills for building occupants. the presence of man-made structures further contributes to imparting distinct character and functionality
to the envisioned site. Figure 7.0 shows the location of natural and man-made features, Table 7.1 and
Table 7.2 below show the natural and man-made features found surrounding the site and the details.
7.1 Natural Features
Several types and species of natural features have been identified throughout the site inspection
and analysis to study the character of the site. Natural features act an important role to create character,
shape the environmental design and enhance the aesthetic of an architectural design as well as a
functional aspect of a design. Likewise, the integration of nature in architecture serves a more
sustainable environment of a certain area and promotes therapeutic effects for public health. Figure 7.1
shows the species and location of natural features existing on site and Table 7.1 shows the details of each
species.. All images were taken on site.
Figure 7.0: shows the species and location of natural features existing on site
Figure 7.0: shows the detail and characteristics of the natural features
NO NATURAL FEATURES DETAILS
1. Red Frangipani
Scientific name : Plumeria Rubra
Height : 2m - 8m
Characteristics : Red frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to Central
and South America.
Habitat : Tropical and subtropical
2. White Frangipani
Scientific name : Plumeria Alba
Height : 2m - 8m
Characteristics : Nosegay tree (Plumeria alba) is a deciduous shrub native to Central America and
the Caribbean. Although it is native to these regions, it has become most widely cultivated in
southeast Asia.
Habitat : Tropical and subtropical climates

3. Common Bamboo
Scientific name : Bambusa Vulgaris
Height : 10m - 20m
Characteristics : Common bamboo is the most common and easily recognized species of bamboo. It
forms loose clumps and is easily spread by dividing the clumps or through rhizomes
Habitat : Tropical and subtropical to mild temperate regions, with the heaviest concentration and
largest number of species in East and Southeast Asia
4. Orchid
Scientific name : Bauhinia Variegata
Height : 1.8m -7.8m
Characteristics : Orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata) is a partially deciduous shrub-like tree. Large
fragrant flowers resembling orchids blossom from winter to spring.

5. Orange Jasmine
Scientific name : Murraya Paniculata
Height : 2m - 4m
Characteristics : Orange jasmine is a small, tropical, evergreen tree or shrub that is well suited for
hedges. Closely related to citrus, the orange jasmine produces a small white flower that is attractive
to bees and other insects.
6. Blackboard Tree
Scientific name : Alstonia Scholaris
Height : Up to 40m
Characteristics : It is a tropical tree with fragrant clusters of showy white flowers that bloom in fall.
Most often planted as a street tree
Habitat : Tropical, subtropical, and moist deciduous forests

7. Sandbox Tree
Scientific name : Hura Crepitans
Height : Up to 40m
Characteristics : Sandboxtree is an evergreen tree native to the tropics of the Americas.
Habitat : Tropical regions of North and South America including the Amazon rainforest
8. Chinese Fan Palm
Scientific name : Livistona Chinensis
Height : 3m - 10m
Characteristics : It's commonly cultivated as an ornamental tree for gardens and conservatories.

9. Madagascar Almond tree
Scientific name : Terminalia Neotaliala
Height : 10m - 20m
Characteristics : The madagascar almond tree is a uniquely layered tree commonly used in
reforestation projects in tropical locations because of its fast-growing nature and wide range of
acceptable rainfall totals per year.
Habitat : Sub-Tropical / Monsoonal climate
10. Spanish Cherry
Scientific name : Mimusops Elengi
Height : 15m - 30m
Characteristics : The Spanish cherry (Mimusops elengi) is a robust tree native to mountainous
regions. Its wood is incredibly tough and can withstand any weather.
Habitat : Tropical forests in South Asia, Southeast Asia and northern Australia.
11. Pride of India
Scientific name : Lagerstroemia Speciosa
Height : Up to 15m
Characteristics : Pride of India (Lagerstroemia speciosa) is a small to medium-sized tree with

smooth, flaky bark. Pride of India is native to tropical southern Asia.
Habitat : Tropical climate

12. White Fig
Scientific name : Ficus Virens
Height : Up to 30m
Characteristics : It is a latex-containing, strangling fig up to 30 m tall. It has a vast and spreading

crown, and many aerial roots developing on the trunk or from the base of the lower limbs.
Habitat : Coastal, monsoon, savannah and secondary forests, and on cliffs and roadside trees.
13. Indian Laurel
Scientific name : Ficus Microcarpa
Height : Up to 30m
Characteristics : It is a latex-containing, evergreen tree up to 30 m tall, with a rounded or flattened

crown shape and numerous, slender aerial roots hanging down from the branches, and twigs

14. Rangoon Creeper
Scientific name : Combretum Indicum
Height : Up to 8m
Characteristics : The lush, climbing foliage of the rangoon creeper (Combretum indicum) makes it a
prime candidate for running up pergolas, fencelines, or trellises. When in bloom, the flowers emit a
delightful fragrance to add to the natural aesthetic beauty
Habitat : Tropical climate

7.2 Manmade Features
Within the site B,there are contains a lot of manmade features such as existing buildings, infrastructure, and landmarks that would help to grasp the site's character and identity, informing design decisions that
respect and respond to the surrounding context.Additionally, this man made features serve as constraints and opportunities for the future architectural interventions. Understanding the location of utilities, property lines,
and zoning regulations can influence new structures' placement, massing, and orientation.Overall, the function of these man made features in this site is integral to creating sensitive, responsive, and meaningful new
buildings within its context.Following the site inspection, it was observed that numerous preexisting structures were present, predominantly consisting of pedestrian walkway pavements and gazebos encompassing the
site's surroundings. The analysis depicted in Table Figure 7.2 delineates the precise locations of these artisanal features throughout the site area.
Figure 7.1: shows the location of manmade features that existed around the site context.
NO MAN MADE FEATURES ANALYSIS
1.
Sculpture of perahu at the park near to the Arena Square Kuala Kangsar.
The ”Perahu” sculpture at the park.
2.
Tourist information board at the park
Tourist information board

3. Kids playground at the park
The playground at the park.
4. Gazebo with benches near the riverside at the park
The gazebo
5. Concrete bollards at the pavement to the park.
The bollards
6. Signage
The signage of the park’s rules
7. Galvanised steel u-rail bollard located along the pavement of Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala
Kangsar to enhance safety of pedestrians.
The motorcycle bollards

8. Benches located along the Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar
The benches along the Dataran
9.
Pavement walkway through the river at the side of Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar
10. Stencile concrete pavement of pedestrian walkway along the the side of Dataran Lembah
Sungai Kuala Kangsar.
The pedestrian walkway

11. Concrete staircase leading down from pedestrian walkway to the Dataran Lembah Sungai K.
Kangsar
The staircase going from the pedestrian walkway
12. Existing pedestrian pavement alongside the shoplots .
The pedestrian walkway beside the shoplots

13. Brick pavement alongside the shoplots
The brick pavement in front of the stores
14. Stencil concrete pavement between of the shoplots
The pavement between of shop lots
15. Existing motorcycle parking near the Kompleks Barangan Kraftangan at Jalan Shahbandar.
The motorcycle parking between of two gazebos
16. Steel railing with brick pavement at Memory Lane Kuala Kangsar
The Memory Lane existing pavement
17. Existing concrete balustrade and staircases near the Arena Square Kuala Kangsar.
The existing balustrade near the Arena Square.

18. Parking racks for motorcycle
The parking rack for motorcycles.
19. Stencil pavement of pedestrian walkway along the shoplots at Jalan Nakhoda
Pedestrian walkway at the shoplots
20. Paving block of pedestrian walkway alongside of Jalan Shahbandar.

The pedestrian walkway
21. Existing motorcycle parking next to shoplots
Covered motorcycle parking.
22. Location signage Of Medan Kraftangan near to Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar.
The location signage
23. Existing planter box at the parking area at Dataran Lembah Sungai Perak
The planter box.
24. Planters with bench seating at the Datarn Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar.
The planter box with bench sitting.
25. U-rail bollards located behind of shoplot of Medan Kraftangan.
The u-rail bollards
26. Damaged concrete planter box near to Medan Kraftangan Lembah Kuala Kangsar.
The damaged planter box.

27. Existing gazebo at Dataran Lembah Sungai Perak
The gazebo at Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar.
28. Existing jetty at Dataran Lembah Sungai Perak
The jetty near Dataran Lembah Sungai Kuala Kangsar.
29. Existing bridge that connects Dataran Lembah Sungai Perak and nearby recreation park
The existing staircase bridge.

30. Signage gateway for Memory Lane Kuala Kangsar
The signage gateway

7.3 SWOT ANALYSIS NATURAL AND MAN-MADE FEATURES
Table 7.1: shows the SWOT analysis for natural and manmade features
ANALYSIS PICTURE
STRENGTHS The river creates breathtaking vista and offering a panoramic view enhance
experience to the site
The Perak River
The existing park near to the site attracts numerous visitors to the site.
The existing park
WEAKNESS The lack of trees around the site reduces the cool effect of the area and is prone to -
high amounts of sun exposure.
Certain pedestrian walkway is not welcoming for the pedestrian and bicycle users -
because it is blocked by potted plants and it’s too narrow.
The site is less accessible by PWD as there is no ramp to access the area.
The stairs at the site
The pathway at the site
OPPORTUNITY The jetty acts as a focal point that allows connection from all the around Kuala
Kangsar to the site along Sungai Perak
(a)
(a) and (b) shows the existing jetty
Numerous seating spaces that are currently unused and in disrepair could be
transformed into a vibrant and engaging landscaping zone..
(a)
(b)
(a) and (b) shows the existing seating spaces
THREAT The site is a flood-prone area higher the risk of danger to the site -
Overgrown roots damaged the planter box and pavements that can cause lack of safety
to the pedestrians and could cause injuries.
The damaged planter box

7.4 SYNTHESIS NATURAL AND MAN-MADE FEATURES Beside that, the site is located near the jetty that allows connection along Sungai Perak and is
historically remarkable for locals, creating an opportunity to be developed into a centre of attraction for
According to the findings of the SWOT analysis, the site possesses inherent strengths, notably its
Kuala Kangsar. This notable opportunity can be utilised by incorporating the existing jetty into the
strategic positioning adjacent to the river, affording breathtaking vistas that enrich the visitor experience.
building design. Contradictorily, as the site located next to the second longest river in Peninsular
The optimal utilisation of this strength involves integrating larger openings strategically within the
Malaysia, it is prone to flood, exhibits a high risk zone and threat to the people. Responding to the threat,
architectural design, thereby maximising engagement with the river scenery.Conversely, notwithstanding
the implementation of flood resilient design such as stilts construction, creates a safety measure of the
the site's significant strengths, it also exhibits a notable weakness in its limited accessibility for persons
built environment upon the unpredictable upcoming disaster.
with disabilities (PWD), attributed to the absence of ramps facilitating entry to the area. Consequently,
the site fails to adequately accommodate PWD users, thus necessitating the implementation of ramp
infrastructure to ensure inclusivity and enable seamless access for individuals with disabilities both
within the site and its area.
Figure 7.2 shows utilisation of the ampitheatre's larger opening towards the vista of the river. Figure 7.4 shows the utilisation of seating spaces into social area
Figure 7.3 shows the construction of a ramp for PWD facilitating entry to the area. Figure 7.5 shows the stilts building for flood prone area
CHAPTER 8.0: PUBLIC AMENITIES AND UTILITIES 8.1 Utilities
In an urban setting, "public utilities" refers to the necessary services and infrastructure that the
Kuala Kangsar, nestled in the heart of Perak, Malaysia, exudes historical charm and cultural
government or other public bodies offer to maintain a city or municipality's operations and general
significance. Public utilities and amenities are essential to improving the quality of life for both locals
well-being. These utilities are essential to maintaining the efficiency, safety, and livability of towns and
and visitors in this dynamic urban setting. These facilities, which are usually paid for with tax dollars or
cities. Public utilities in urban environments include water supply, electricity, public transportation, street
other public monies, are meant to improve a community's or society's general standard of living. This
lighting, and waste management.
section is meant to overlook the aspects of public amenities and utilities around site B in order to
comprehend the requirements and expectations of possible users or site visitors, as well as the
8.2 Amenities
neighbourhood and surroundings in which the building will be located. The project's scale, design, and
In contrast to public utilities, which are necessary for basic living, public amenities are services
aesthetics may all be impacted by this setting. The location of the existing utilities and amenities in site
and facilities that improve the quality of life in a community or urban region. In urban settings, some
B is shown in Figure 8.1. Table 8.1 provides an analysis of the existing utilities and amenities along with
typical instances of public amenities include emergency services, bike lanes and pedestrian walkways,
images.
plazas and public squares, and public toilets.
The purpose of public amenities is to improve urban quality of life, provide a sense of place, and
attract more people to live there. Even while they might not be necessary for bare existence, they greatly
enhance urban residents' general sense of satisfaction and well-being. To build a well-rounded, pleasant
urban environment, urban planners and local governments frequently concentrate on striking a balance
between these non-necessary but extremely useful public amenities and vital public services.
Figure 8.1: Placement of utilities and amenities around the proposed site
Table 8.0 : Analysis of the existing utilities and amenities in site B
No. Public Amenities Analysis
1. Sewarages
On both sides of Jalan Temenggong and Jalan Shahbandar in Site B, there are exits that allow for easy access. While the sewerage system is
operating effectively, the lack of maintenance has resulted in the drainage emitting unpleasant odors that affect the surrounding area. The
sewerage system itself is working as intended; however, without proper upkeep, the drainage has started to release foul smells, creating a negative
impact on the environment in the vicinity..
2. Fire Hydrant
The fire hydrant at Site B is both well-functioning and well-maintained. However, it is positioned in a way that it is hidden from plain view in the
open areas of Jalan Temenggong and Jalan Shahbandar
3. Trash Can
While an adequate number of trash bins are available, they are consistently full.
4. Feeder Pillar
Approximately three feeder pillars can be found scattered throughout Site B near the buildings. These pillars are in good condition and
well-maintained.
5. Lamp Post
Well-functioning lamp posts at Site B provide adequate lighting in every part of the surrounding Jalan and inside the site.
6. Electric Post
The electric posts are working properly connecting to another lamp post throughout the site.
8. Signage
Road signage around the site is present, but signage leading to the buildings is lacking, making navigation in the area quite challenging.
9. Water Metre
All water metres are in a good condition.
10. Gazebo
A number of gazebos are spread out at Dataran Vespa next to Site B, providing a place for users to take a break while strolling around the area.
11. Public Toilet
adequate
Public toilet located close to the proposed site requires maintenance so that it can function well and clean.
12. Seating Area
A number of seating areas are located around Site B offering a place of break to users strolling around Site B.
8.3 Swot Public Amenities And Utilities encourage active exploration of the urban area. Furthermore, the addition of trash cans to these
sidewalks, together with recycling facilities, demonstrates our commitment to environmental
ANALYSIS sustainability by promoting responsible waste disposal practices.
STRENGTHS Every facility is located 200 metres or less from the site.
The integration of cultural elements and focal points into the urban landscape provides a unique
The landscape in front of the jetty at site B offers a fantastic vista that chance to showcase Perak's rich heritage while also capturing the interest of both residents and visitors.
highlights the royalty signage, exposing the Perak culture. Ornamental elements and interpretative exhibits honouring Perak culture and royalty not only beautify
public places, but also function as educational and experiential monuments. These focal points not only
WEAKNESS The pedestrian walkway had fewer trash cans to dispose of waste.
serve as visual anchors, but also help to create a feeling of place and identity within the community.
The wiring and circuitry of the lampost and electric post were
disorganised. The transformation of underutilised areas into dynamic community meeting places displays our
commitment to encouraging social cohesion and involvement. We create inclusive settings that
Entrance to the public restroom required payment before usage.
encourage relaxation, socialisation, and appreciation of the beautiful surroundings by changing open
OPPORTUNITY An open space close by could be turned into a community place. spaces along the jetty into warm and attractive gathering places replete with shade structures, seating
areas, and flora. These common areas encourage community participation and empowerment, instilling
The utilities and facilities have been improved to be more cosy and people with a feeling of personal responsibility.
relevant to Perak culture.
Furthermore, prioritising the maintenance and upgrading of critical facilities such as electrical
THREAT Uncovered drains pose a risk to public safety since they can cause
systems and drainage networks, shows our commitment to the safety and functionality of metropolitan
accidents involving cars, bicycles, and pedestrians, especially in
areas. Regular inspections and maintenance of electrical infrastructure reduce the hazards caused by
metropolitan areas.
disorganised wiring and circuitry, benefiting both public safety and aesthetic harmony. Similarly,
The lane is unsettling due to the numerous abandoned homes and food proactive actions to clean and repair drains reduce the risk of flooding and accidents, ensuring the safety
stands. of both inhabitants and tourists.
8.4 Synthesis Public Amenities And Utilities
In the heart of Kuala Kangsar, Perak, there is a vision for a lively and inclusive urban
environment that values both utility and cultural diversity. As we look for ways to improve the user
experience and encourage community involvement, many important themes emerge to drive our efforts.
At this point the installation of pedestrian-friendly paths and visible signage is a critical
component in improving the city's accessibility and connectedness. By designating safe and convenient
pedestrian pathways and guiding them to nearby services, we not only make it easier to navigate but also
CHAPTER 9.0: OVERALL SWOT ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
TOPIC SWOT ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS
ZONING AND S ● An organised network of primary pathways, with each pathway ● Improve public amenities.
NEIGHBOURHOOD interconnected and ultimately leading to the clock tower.
CONTEXT
● Facilitate traffic flow in two directions, contributing to the overall
permeability of vehicular movement along the main routes.
● The Perak River, serving as a vital link between the royal and commoner
sectors of the community.
● The site is situated next to the commercial district, which is the most
crowded and dense area of the town
W ● Some pedestrian pavements that are not well maintained. ● Bolster infrastructure and urban mobility.
● Speedy cars on Main Road, especially during peak hour.
● Limited universal access to the riverbank, especially those with mobility
impairments or limited transportation options.
● Traffic congestion problems stem from insufficient road infrastructure and
ineffective traffic planning.
O ● Existing landmarks can be linked with urban enhancements to create a ● Adopting eco-friendly construction methods.
historical trail around the site, providing clear guidance to tourists. ● Encouraging the use of renewable energy sources including
● Improving pedestrian amenities aims to draw a higher number of tourists environmentally friendly infrastructure
arriving via public transportation.
● The jetty can be another type of transportation for tourists to come by boat to
the future theatre in Site B.
● The site's topography can be utilised in the design of the theatre, offering
extensive possibilities for creating a structure that could subsequently draw
tourists to the region.
T ● Lack of proper flood control measures may hinder the town's ability to ● Revitalise the riverbank region.
sustainably develop and attract investments, ultimately affecting its ● Develop leisure areas.
long-term growth and resilience. ● Encourage riverfront pursuits.
● Insufficient maintenance of existing infrastructure,
● Inadequate infrastructure development, especially concerning flood
management and mitigation.
● Zoning site analysis may reveal infrastructure limitations
HUMAN AND CULTURE S ● Low crime rate at the site ● Enhancing marketing efforts should be the main emphasis of projects
in order to maximise this benefit.
● Having strong ties in community engagement between the locals, fosters a
sense of belonging and support
● The site surroundings has the advantage of cultural heritage and a central
location in Kuala Kangsar
W ● Less advertisement of the place results in less tourists ● Focusing on differentiating vendors and increasing menu options is
also essential to reduce competition and improve the overall tourist
● Did not have strong internet connection; weak engagements outside the
experience.
locals
● Limited menu/items diversity and competitive pressures since the similarities

between the vendors
0 ● Interesting places to visit to enjoy their architecture and traditions ● Implementing culinary festivals and cultural events to showcase the
location's architecture and customs can aid in promoting tourism.
● The river can be used as a part of the site’s charm if well integrated
● Enhance the online presence, and collaborate with local businesses to attract ● Integrating the river into events and festivals to showcase the rich
more customers geography and cultural tapestry of Kuala Kangsar.
● Hosting cultural events or food festivals can draw more visitors to the site
hence the tourism growth
T ● Flood disaster happened in 2014 might happen again ● To guarantee the site's long-term viability and reduce the risk of
flooding, significant actions must be done, such as investing in
● Economic downturn & rising costs
infrastructure and implementing cost-cutting measures during
● Shifts in consumer preferences in items/foods towards healthier or recessions.
international cuisine may diminish demand for traditional Malaysian dishes
like cendol and laksa
CLIMATE AND S ● Receive direct wind flow from west and southwest. ● Proposed building orientation and strategy
SENSORY
● Proposed open indoor spaces for building internal ventilation and
natural air flow
W ● Smoke from the food stall nearby ● Implement local regulations or guidelines for food vendors to use
eco-friendly cooking equipment and ensure proper ventilation.
● Bad smells from several garbage dumps around the site
● Implement regular waste collection and disposal schedules to
● Exposed trash located surrounding the sites due to the nearby commercial minimise the buildup of garbage in the dumps.
area
● Relocate or enclose the garbage dumps to contain the odours and
prevent them from spreading.
O ● Solar panel for electricity because the site receives sunlight all day ● Installing a solar panel on the roof or facade of the building
T ● Flash floods disaster will occur as expected once every 10 years. ● flood-prone areas should be built in a high-elevation spot and may
need their foundations raised.
NATURAL AND S ● The river creates breathtaking vista and offering a panoramic view enhance ● Incorporating larger and strategically positioned openings facing the
MANMADE
experience to the site river, allowing for an immersive experience
● The existing park attracts numerous visitors to the site ● Construct a well-designed pathway originating from the park, ensuring
seamless accessibility.
W ● The lack of trees reduces the cool effect of the area and is prone to high ● Plant more trees surrounding the site to enhance shading and improve
amounts of sun exposure the overall environmental quality
● The site is less accessible by PWD as there is no ramp to access the area ● Propose to add ramps for the access of PWD users into the site and the
nearby area
0 ● The jetty acts as a focal point that allows connection along sungai perak ● Incorporate the jetty into the building design as one of the visitors’
attractions
● Numerous seating spaces that are currently unused and in disrepair could be
transformed into a vibrant and engaging landscaping zone. ● Install additional seating spaces and enhance the flow of movement to
encourage greater social engagement within the surrounding area.
T ● Flood prone area higher the risk of danger to the site ● Construct the building on stilts and incorporate flood resilience into
the design
● Overgrown roots damaged the planter box and pavements
● Propose to the local authority for landscape renovation and
maintenance to improve the safety of the users.
S ● Every facility is located 200 metres or less from the site. ● To enhance the user experience overall, designate pedestrian-friendly
walkways or place signage to direct people to neighbouring facilities.
● The landscape in front of the jetty at site B offers a fantastic vista that
highlights the royalty signage, exposing the Perak culture. ● Establish a strong focal point. To enhance the tourist experience and
promote local tradition, think about adding components—like
ornamental features or interpretive displays—that reflect Perak culture
and royalty.
PUBLIC AMENITIES
● Make use of the landscape design to establish warm meeting areas

close to the jetty area where guests may unwind, mingle, and take in
the picturesque vistas. The utility and beauty of the site can be
improved by adding shade structures, seating places, and elements like
water features or vegetation.
W ● The pedestrian walkway had fewer trash cans to dispose of waste. ● To give more easy options for dealing with trash, place extra trash
cans along the pedestrian sidewalk. To encourage appropriate trash
● The wiring and circuitry of the lampost and electric post were disorganised. segregation and support environmental sustainability, think about
putting recycling containers in place.
● Entrance to the public restroom required payment before usage
● Perform comprehensive maintenance and inspection of the electrical
infrastructure to find and fix any problems, such as frayed wires,
tangled cables, or out-of-date parts.
● Remove the need for payment to use restrooms in public places in

order to increase accessibility and convenience for tourists. Budgets
for public infrastructure should provide for restroom upkeep expenses
to guarantee free usage for all users.
O ● An open space close by could be turned into a community place. ● Transform the nearby open space into a vibrant community gathering
place that caters to the needs and interests of local residents
● The utilities and facilities have been improved to be more cosy and relevant
to Perak culture. ● Consider showcasing Perak's cultural heritage through interpretive
displays, public art installations, or performance spaces that educate
and inspire visitors about the region's rich history, traditions, and
identity.
T ● Uncovered drains pose a risk to public safety since they can cause ● Regular cleaning and maintenance of drains is necessary to guarantee
optimal operation and reduce the possibility of blockages or floods.
● Accidents involving cars, bicycles, and pedestrians, especially in
metropolitan areas. ● Improving visibility with better street lighting, installing
traffic-calming devices like speed bumps or pedestrian crossings, and
● The lane is unsettling due to the numerous abandoned homes and food
clearly labelling and signs to warn drivers of possible dangers.
stands.
● Implementing into practice beautifying initiatives, such as sidewalk

decorations, public art displays, or landscaping, may enhance the
area's safety and visual appeal while promoting a sense of community
pride and involvement
To tackle the opportunities and challenges in Kuala Kangsar, Perak, a diverse approach is needed and circulation in Kuala Kangsar, resulting in a more dynamic and resilient urban environment that
to harness the community's strengths and mitigate potential risks. Priority should be given to enhancing benefits both inhabitants and tourists.
marketing efforts and online presence to leverage the city's strategic location and cultural heritage, boost
Sustainability is an important consideration in the planning and design of buildings. Prioritising
tourism, and foster economic growth. Additionally, efforts to differentiate vendors and expand menu
building orientation to maximise energy efficiency and indoor comfort while using natural factors such
options can enhance the visitor experience and promote healthy competition. The river, which is an
as sunshine and wind demonstrates a commitment to sustainable practices. Adopting sustainable
essential element of the site, can also be used to create unique experiences that garner the interest of community behaviours, such as using eco-friendly cooking equipment and proactively managing waste,
visitors and tourists such as boat rides which integrate meals which showcase the local cuisine, sunset improves environmental stewardship and public health. Integrating renewable energy sources, such as
Hi-tea cruises, etc. Simultaneously, proactive measures to address future risks like flooding and solar panels, into building design reinforces this commitment by lowering reliance on fossil fuels and
lessening climate change implications. By concentrating on these long-term solutions, decision-makers
economic downturns are crucial for ensuring long-term sustainability and resilience. By prioritising
in Kuala Kangsar can build a more resilient and ecologically conscientious city. Prioritising building
these initiatives, Kuala Kangsar can unlock its economic potential, create job opportunities, and enhance
orientation, sustainable community behaviours, proactive garbage management, and renewable energy
the quality of life for its residents.
integration encourages a comprehensive approach to urban design, eventually improving people' quality
of life.
In Kuala Kangsar, urban zoning involves more than simply physical limits; it also includes active
involvement in local programmes that promote community unity and inclusion. Efforts to conserve Situated along the river, the location gives beautiful vistas that improve the visitor experience,
cultural heritage, such as safeguarding old buildings like Masjid Ubudiah and Istana Iskandariah, implying the use of bigger apertures in architectural design to maximise engagement with the scenic
increase the city's appeal to visitors and enhance its reputation as a Royal Town attraction. A river views. However, poor accessibility for individuals with disabilities necessitates the construction of
well-defined zoning plan promotes efficient urban expansion while maintaining the city's character. ramp infrastructure for inclusion. Furthermore, the site's closeness to the historic jetty provides a chance
However, issues such as land scarcity, housing demand, and transportation congestion continue, for tourist attraction development, which might be increased by incorporating the existing pier into the
necessitating comprehensive solutions for sustainable growth and increased livability. Moving forward, building design. Nonetheless, the high flood risk is a serious hazard, emphasising the need of
sustainable development activities within zoning plans, particularly along rivers, provide prospects for flood-resistant design aspects such as stilt building in disaster mitigation. Prioritising these issues allows
environmentally benign urbanisation and economic resilience. By revitalising the riverside, encouraging decision-makers to effectively utilise strengths, rectify weaknesses, capitalise on opportunities, and
green building practices, and harnessing natural assets for tourism and community participation, Kuala manage risks, resulting in sustainable and equitable development in Kuala Kangsar.
Kangsar may overcome challenges and realise its potential as a dynamic and inclusive urban centre
This vision seeks to increase the city's vibrancy and community participation via specific activities.
To solve the circulation issues in Kuala Kangsar, it is critical to apply strategic solutions that enhance Creating pedestrian-friendly routes and clear signs are top goals for improving city accessibility and
the area's accessibility while conserving its historical relevance. Zoning designs that designate certain garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, including cultural aspects into the urban landscape showcases
zones for companies while safeguarding heritage buildings can help minimise traffic on major Perak's legacy, creating a sense of belonging for both inhabitants and tourists. Transforming abandoned
commercial highways. Additionally, strengthening drainage systems is critical to lowering flood risks places into community hubs fosters social interaction and relaxation. Finally, maintaining critical
and ensuring the safety of residents and tourists. Designating parking spots with adequate room for infrastructure such as electricity systems and drainage networks improves safety and aesthetics. By
heavy trucks can also improve traffic flow and accessibility. Implementing these solutions allows concentrating on these areas, Kuala Kangsar can achieve its objective of creating a dynamic and
decision-makers to protect the city's cultural heritage, increase safety, and improve general accessibility inclusive urban environment that respects its cultural history and fosters community involvement.
Finally, the synthesis of efforts in Kuala Kangsar represents a collaborative effort to build a dynamic
and sustainable urban environment that celebrates cultural history, encourages community involvement,
and prioritises inclusion and environmental stewardship. Kuala Kangsar is on track to achieve its goal of
a prosperous and inclusive city by prioritising strategic initiatives such as improving pedestrian
infrastructure, including cultural aspects, revitalising public areas, and preserving crucial infrastructures.
Kuala Kangsar can continue to flourish as a vibrant urban centre that promotes the well-being and
prosperity of its citizens and tourists by capitalising on its strengths, tackling issues, and seizing
opportunity.
CHAPTER 10.0 REFERENCES What is Institutional Construction? (2017, October 13). Campbell Construction. Retrieved March 21,
2024, from https://campbell-construction.com/what-institutional-construction/

(n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 21, 2024, from
https://planmalaysia.perak.gov.my/index.php/aktiviti-2021/2053-kajian-rancangan-tempatan-daer
ah-kuala-kangsar-2035-penggantian
(n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 21, 2024, from
https://www.sldeshare.net/Hrishidesai/urban-street-edge
Federal Functional Classification of Highways. (n.d.). Maine.gov. Retrieved March 21, 2024, from
https://www.maine.gov/mdot/csd/docs/roadwayinfo/FederalFunctionalClassificationofHighways.
pdf
Ismail, W. N. W., Ja'afar, N. H., & Harun, N. Z. (2019, April 7). Historic Streetscape Characterization:
Exploring the Evolution of Street in the Malay Royal Town. International Journal of Recent
Technology and Engineering (IJRTE). Retrieved March 20, 2024, from
https://www.ijrte.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v7i6s2/F10510476S219.pdf
KhairulAnuar, M. S., Noor, A. A. M., & Hassan, A. S. (2021, May 11). Urban Design Legibility in
Kuala Kangsar Royal Town in Malaysia. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Retrieved March 21, 2024, from
https://tuengr.com/V12/12A5P.pdf
KUALA KANGSAR. (n.d.). City Population Index. Retrieved March 21, 2024, from
https://www.citypopulation.de/en/malaysia/admin/perak/0805__kuala_kangsar/
Perkenal ikon Kuala Kangsar menerusi lukisan mural. (2024, February 2). Kosmo Digital. Retrieved
March 21, 2024, from
https://www.kosmo.com.my/2024/02/02/perkenal-ikon-kuala-kangsar-menerusi-lukisan-mural/
Urban Design Manual Volume 3 Community Nodes. (n.d.). City of Guelph. Retrieved March 21, 2024,
from https://guelph.ca/wp-content/uploads/Node_2016_Web_screen.pdf

Site Analysis of Jetty Arena Kuala Kangsar (Site B) - Analysis and Synthesis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Site Analysis of Jetty Arena Kuala Kangsar (Site B) - Analysis and Synthesis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

KULLIYYAH OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

BAAR 3201 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6 (STUDIO)

VOLUME 3: SITE B - ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

1 MOHAMMAD AFIZUL BIN MOHD SUKIMAN 2112647 1

2 LUQMAN HAKIM BIN AHMAD DAMIRI 2112991 1

3 SOFIAH HANANI BINTI MOHD JAMLI 2117560 1

4 LAILY ARISSA BINTI NOR RIZAL 2113036 1

5 NOR NATASHA BINTI MOHD ZIN 2119430 1

6 ABANG NURAZIZAN BIN ABG AZAHARI 2111369 2

7 DANISH IRFAN BIN ROSTAM AFFANDI 2118275 2

8 FIRQIN QISTINA BINTI FAIZAL 2118752 2

9 MUHAMMAD SYAMIL MIFZAL BIN MUSA 2113479 2

10 NUR FARINA BINTI ZULKIFLI 2111266 2

11 AISYAH BINTI MOHD RIZZAL 2118682 3

12 IRDEENA SUFIAH BINTI IBRAHIM 2116194 3

13 MUHAMMAD NAJWAN BIN ISHAK 2118859 3

14 NOR FARAH ALEEYSHA BINTI ZAINULABADIN 2116870 3

15 NORHIDAYAH BINTI KOSNIN 2117652 3

16 AKBAR AAEZA TAHSEEN 2023700 4

17 AYRA ZAHRA BINTI AZAHAR 2113484 4

18 CHENG ZIHAO 1819389 4

19 NUR ADRIANA BINTI SHAHABUDIN 2112934 4

20 NUR HUSNINA BINTI HARUN 2112478 4

21 AIMAN ARIFF BIN AZLAM 2111649 5

22 FATIN NURSYAHIRAH BINTI NAZRI 2115522 5

23 LESLOUS WAFA 2115104 5

24 MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL ADLI BIN WAFLI 2119855 5

25 NUR HANANI AZRITA BINTI YUSOF 2114916 5

1.1 Site Background

Figure 1.1: shows the location plan of the proposed site B

Figure 1.2: shows the site plan of proposed site B

2.1 Demography And Community Background

Table 2.0 Shows the timeline of activities at the site

Time Activity Images

● Families come to enjoy the parks with their children

● Recreational activities such as picnics, enjoying time by the waterfront, and

● Cendol and food stalls begin operating

11.00 am to 6.30pm ● Boats begin operating

● Commercial boat rides are offered

● Basking groups start to set up (Kawasan Lembah)

1.00 pm to 6.00pm ● Fisherman put out their rods

Figure 2.1: Shows the Historical timeline of Kuala Kangsar

2.4 Swot Analysis

STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY THREAT

3.2 Classification Of Zoning

Figure 3.3: showing the Administration zoning of Kuala Kangsar Town.

3.2.3 Administration District

No Type Building name Road Image

1. Institutional Kolej Komuniti Kuala Kangsar Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

2. Institutional RHB Bank Kuala Kangsar Jalan Daeng Selili

No. Type Building Name Road Image

No Type Building name Road Image

1. Commercial SanCora Paint Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

2. Commercial Rizzal Optometrist Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

4. Commercial Crossmac Cycle world Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

6. Commercial Dream pets Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

7. Commercial Empayar Kongsi Nubis Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

9. Commercial Restoran Jannah Jalan Daeng Selli

11. Commercial Pasar Mini Nurul Amin Jalan Daeng Selili

13. Commercial You Lee Hardware Jalan Dato Maharaja Lela

15 Commercial Sham and Sam Fashion Jalan Nakhoda

Table 3.3 :Table Showing List of recreational neighbourhood context in site B.