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19
Writing an Initial Research Plan

Name of FS Student: Marivic R. Obra Date Submitted: December 15, 2023

Year and Section: 402 Course: BSED-Mathematics

Participate and Assist

We said at the beginning that all teachers can make an Action Research. It is easy to do it. Let’s try
simply by doing it. Today, you shall develop a Plan for our Action Research by following the simple
cycle.
Use the steps of the mode. Your answer to the Key in in each setup, will guide you in making your
plan.
Step 1: OBSERVE. Observe and notice to identify the common problems. Key questions:
• What common problem have I observed and noticed?
• Can I translate the problem into questions?
• Why is the problem important to me as a future teacher?
• Why is the problem important to the learners?
• What have I read and learned about this problem in my previous courses?
• What do references say about the problem?

Step 2: REFLECT. Start to reflect on the identified problem. However, reflection is done all
throughout the action research process.
Key questions:
• Is there a way to solve the identified problem? How will I do it?
• Is looking for a solution or answer to the problem worth doing?
• Will solving the problem improve my teaching practice? How?
• Will it improve my skill as a researcher and reflective teacher?

Step 3: PLAN FOR ACTION. Appropriate action or solution to the problem is a plan.
Key questions:
• What probable action will I make? Will my intervention be doable?
• How will I describe my intervention, innovation, action or innovation?
• With whom shall I work with?
• Will the result be of use? How?
Step 4: ACT on the PLAN. This step will be done during the Teaching Internship or in FS 2 if given
the time. You may collaborate with your mentor or your class.

Notice

Remember: Noticing is making sense of your observations and making interpretation to adapt to the
situation. It begins with paying attention that lead to interpretation and deciding what action should be
taken.
Making a capsule Action Research Plan will prepare you to undertake an actual Action Research.
You will also be able to assist your mentor to do similar research together.
In the past episodes focusing on the keep aspects of teaching and learning, you have answered
the Action Research Writing Prompts. Go back to these, and choose which episode topic you
would like to work on as you write an action research plan.
Here are the episodes and the pages where you can find them. Review each Action Research
Writing Prompt and choose one to work on to elaborate in this episode.

Episode Title Action Research Writing Prompts

page
1 The Teacher We Remember
2 Embedding Action Research for
Reflective teaching
3 Understanding AR Concepts, Processes
and Models
4 Matching Problematic Learning
Situations with Probable Action
5 Preparing the Learning Environment:
AN Overview
6 Enhancing a Face-to-Face Learning
Environment
7 Making an On-Line or Virtual Learning
Environment Safe and Conducive
8 Establishing My Own Classroom
Routines and Procedures in a Face-to-
Face/Remote Learning
9 Creating My Classroom/Remote
Learning Management Plan
10 Writing My Learning/Lesson Plans
11 Delivering My Lessons
12 Selecting Non-Digital or Conventional
Resources and Instructional Materials
13 Utilizing Applications (Apps) for
Teaching and Learning
14 Utilizing Learning Management Plan
15 Utilizing Web-Conferencing Apps for
Synchronous E-Learning
16 Assessing FOR, AS and OF Learning
17 Using Traditional and Authentic Types
of Assessment for Formative and
Summative
18 Grading and Reporting
19 Writing and Initial Action Research Plan

Guide Questions
We said at the beginning that all teacher could make an Action Research. It is easy to do it. Let’s
try doing it. Today, you shall develop a Plan for our Action Research by following the simple cycle.
You will share your output with your mentor for an opportunity to work together.
Topic you chose: "Enhancing Classroom Instruction: The Impact of Teachers' Roles in San
Isidro National High School"

Episode number and Title: Episode 11- Delivering My Lessons

Writing Action Research Prompt page:

Model A
Activity 1: Developing an Initial Research Action Plan

A. Observe/Notice
What problems have I noticed that affect teaching-learning?

Write your own observed problem here:

The problem I've noticed is that students in the classroom are not fully engaged. This
could be because they are not interested in the materials the teacher is using. This lack of
engagement has a big impact on the learning process because it makes it hard for teachers to
effectively teach when students are not paying attention. Instead, students might be using their
phones, talking to classmates, or not focusing on the lesson. It's challenging for teachers to
make sure every student is participating and listening, especially when there are a lot of
students in the class.

B. Reflect
Think deeply of the problem and your observation. Why is this happening? Can the slow
learners be helped? How will it be done?

Write your reflective response to the problem you stated:

There can be various reasons why students are not fully engaged in the classroom. Some
possible factors include a lack of interest in the instructional materials, difficulty understanding
the content, lack of connection between the teacher and students, distractions, or a mismatch
between teaching methods and learning styles.

C. Plan for Action

Key questions:
• What will I do as a teacher to solve the problem?
• How will I describe my intervention, innovation, or actions to the identified problem?
• How long will it take to introduce the intervention?
• With whom shall I work?
• What materials do I need?
• Are methods, participants, data collection, and time table considered in your Plan for
Action?

Write your own Plan of Action Research based on the key questions. You give more
details.

My plan to address these factors, I will requires a combination of strategies, such as

creating engaging and relevant instructional materials, providing differentiated instruction to
meet individual needs, minimizing distractions and incorporating a variety of teaching
methods to accommodate different learning styles. Additionally, I'll create a supportive and
inclusive classroom environment where students can feel valued and connected. This will help
to greatly enhance students' engagement in the classroom.

D. References
 • Yussif (2022). 11 Roles of Teachers in Implementing Effective Instruction. Retrieved
from: https://classroommanagementexpert.com/blog/11-roles-of-teachers-in-
implementing-effective-instruction
• Yussif (2022). Elements of Effective Instruction: What Teachers Must Consider.
Retrieved from: https://classroommanagementexpert.com/blog/elements-of-
effective-instruction-what-teachers-must-consider/
• Broomfield (2017). What Are the Roles of an Effective Teacher. Retrieved from:
https://discover.hubpages.com/education/What-are-the-roles-of-an-effective-
teacher

E. Act (Implementation of the Action Research Plan)

• Surveys
Ensure you allocate time to formulate survey questions. Conduct the survey with your
students or divide them into groups. Design questions that analyze your performance
and provide insights for improving your strategies.
• Videotapes
Record your classes to analyze pedagogical styles and improve teaching. Identify
strengths, weaknesses, and make necessary modifications to enhance your teaching
style.
• Questionnaires
Collaborate with fellow teachers to implement this methodology. Utilize self-developed
questionnaires to evaluate your teaching performance. This effective approach aids in
identifying and addressing shortcomings in your pedagogical methods.
• Conclusion
Teachers must enhance teaching strategies and methodologies to foster student
growth and development. Effective knowledge impartation significantly impacts
academic and life success. Implementing classroom action research expands horizons
and facilitates positive teaching changes.
Now, to further elaborate on your Action Research Plan, use the DepEd template below.
Remember to read the rubric in this episode to know how your teacher will evaluate your Action
Research Plan. This rubric will remind you of the criteria for an excellent action research plan.
You can also watch with short video, explaining the parts of the DepEd Action Research template:
HOW TO WRITE AN ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL?/DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2017-YouTube

Here is the link of the sample proposal discussed in the video:

https://www.researchgat.net/publication/344608953_Improving_Attendance_and_Academic_P
erformance_Among_Grade_12_STudents_thrrough_Incentive-Based_Intervention

Model B: DepEd Template

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234749663_Action_Research_A_Tool_for_Improvin
g_Teacher_Quality_and_Classroom_Practice

Action Research Proposal

Name: Marivi R. Obra
Proposed Title: Enhancing Classroom Instruction: The Impact of Teachers' Roles in San
Isidro National High School
I. Context and rationale Study Background
Good instruction is subjective and can vary based on interpretation and context. In
general, it's considered effective when students acquire the required knowledge or skills.
There is no universal definition, and strategies may differ for each student. Teachers determine
the most beneficial instructional strategies, as there are many approaches that can lead to
success. Quality instruction directly impacts student achievement by creating an engaging
classroom environment and employing research-based teaching tactics. Providing feedback to
the students that identifies areas for improvement is crucial.
II. Action Research AR Questions
The fundamental research question of this study is;
 How can teachers employ teaching strategies and methodologies to support student
growth and development?
 What are the responsibilities and roles of an effective teacher?
 In what ways can teachers effectively communicate knowledge to students?
 What factors should teachers consider for effective instruction?
III. Proposed innovation, Intervention Strategy. Describe
innovation/intervention/strategy
 Cooperative learning is an effective method where students work together in small
groups to solve problems, promoting teamwork, communication skills, and academic
achievement.
 Differentiated instruction is another effective approach that allows teachers to
customize lessons to meet the unique needs of each student, ensuring personalized
learning and maximizing potential.
 Scaffolding is a helpful instructional technique where teachers provide structured
guidance to students, leading them step by step. This approach enhances student
learning and promotes effective teaching.
 Inquiry-based learning promotes student responsibility and critical thinking by
encouraging teachers to use educational techniques that foster self-discovery. To
ensure effectiveness, teachers must assess student learning through various methods
such as tracking test responses, observing behavior, and asking questions.
 Direct instruction is an effective method where teachers provide a significant amount
of information to students at once. It is particularly useful for introducing new material
or reviewing before a test, allowing teachers to control the pace and ensure that all
students have a thorough understanding.
 Problem-based learning allows students to explore various solutions to a given
problem, fostering critical thinking and independent problem-solving skills. Cognitive
load refers to the mental effort required to process information, with higher cognitive
load hindering information retention.
 Affective learning involves experiencing emotions to enhance understanding and
memory retention. In the classroom, this method helps students comprehend and
apply information to real-life situations, similar to the emotions evoked while reading
a novel.
IV. Action Research Methods
a. Participation/Other sources of Data
The study included 10 teachers who had at least 5 years of experience in classroom
instruction, covering various subjects and grade levels. They were recruited through an
orientation session where study objectives and benefits were explained, and teachers
volunteered to participate.
Data collection involved conducting semi-structured interviews to explore teachers'
perceptions and experiences. Classroom observations were conducted to observe
instructional strategies and interactions, while document analysis examined lesson plans,
student work samples, and instructional materials.
In addition to the participant-generated data, existing school documents such as
curriculum guidelines, policies, and academic records were reviewed to provide contextual
understanding and validate the findings.
Ethical considerations were carefully addressed, ensuring informed consent,
confidentiality, and data anonymization to protect the privacy of the participants.
Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the collected data, including interview
transcripts, observational notes, and document analysis. This analysis aimed to identify
recurring themes and patterns related to teachers' roles in enhancing classroom instruction.
 b. Data Gathering Procedures
- This research study follows a qualitative design, utilizing content analysis, descriptive
statistics, and adhering to the features of an action research design. The action research
technique used in this study is based on the four stages of planning, acting, developing, and
reflecting. Action research, as defined by Mertler(2006), is a method that promotes
educational improvement through collaborative efforts among educators. The researchers in
this study worked together, making pedagogical adjustments based on the findings from the
graduate action research classes they taught.
c. Data Analysis Plan
- The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using qualitative research methods,
specifically content analysis. This involved establishing categories and counting the frequency
of occurrence. The research study followed the content analysis process, including conceiving
pertinent topics, devising a category coding method, conducting the analysis, and assessing the
results. The data analysis involved coding and developing categories, looking for distinctions
and similarities. New categories were created for unexpected trends. Descriptive statistics
were computed for the first ten survey questions using the Likert scale. The study included
detailed calculations and application of means.
V. Action Research Work Plan (Summarize Action Research Work Plan)
Selecting a focus
To conduct action research, start by identifying and defining your investigation's focus.
Develop questions related to the area of focus, and then create an effective plan to study and
answer those questions.
Collecting data
The second step in action research is collecting data to address your research questions. This
involves gathering information such as teacher-made surveys, standardized test data, surveys,
interviews, student portfolios, observations, and other relevant sources.
Analyzing and interpreting data
After identifying your focus and collecting data, the next step is to analyze and interpret your
materials. This involves clear description or summarization of the data, identifying consistent
patterns or themes, and using the data to answer research questions or support hypotheses.
Various strategies and techniques can be employed during the data analysis process.
Taking action
In the fourth step, you make decisions based on your research and identify next actions. For
instance, if you have researched teacher morale and identified the root cause of the problem
through surveys of students, teachers, and supervisors, you can determine the exact steps
needed to address and resolve the issue.
VI. Cost Estimate (White cost estimate)
Bond Paper – 500
Printing – 500
Total: 1000 Php
VII. Plan for dissemination and Utilization (Describe how the results will be shared)
When conducting action research, taking informed action to bring positive change is
crucial. However, it's equally important to communicate the findings to others. Sharing the
results promotes reflection, helps educators strengthen their practice, and benefits the wider
community. Options for sharing include publishing a book, discussing findings with school
administrators, teachers, and students, or presenting at conferences to enable collaboration
and learning. Action research supports the goal of developing better citizens and students,
providing unique and reflective professional learning. It helps determine the effectiveness of
changes made and offers a model for effectual change.
VIII. References (Write at least three references)
• Yussif (2022). 11 Roles of Teachers in Implementing Effective Instruction. Retrieved
 from: https://classroommanagementexpert.com/blog/11-roles-of-teachers-in-
implementing-effective-instruction
• Yussif (2022). Elements of Effective Instruction: What Teachers Must Consider.
Retrieved from: https://classroommanagementexpert.com/blog/elements-of-
effective-instruction-what-teachers-must-consider/
• Broomfield (2017). What Are the Roles of an Effective Teacher. Retrieved from:
https://discover.hubpages.com/education/What-are-the-roles-of-an-effective-
teacher

Self-Learning Activity A

What was you experience in writing action research plan?

Answer: Writing the action research plan was initially challenging for me as it was my first
encounter with this type of research. However, with some prior exposure to research, I was able
to integrate what I learned throughout the process. This experience provided me with real-life,
hands-on experience in the teaching profession, specifically in the classroom where I identified
the problem. It deepened my understanding of the scientific process, allowing me to develop
research questions, test hypotheses, and gain insights through observation and reflection.
Overall, this experience was valuable and will benefit my future classroom practice as a teacher.

What knowledge, attitude, and skills did you have that helped you accomplish it?
Answer: In terms of knowledge, I applied what I learned from previous research and classroom
observations to conduct successful action research. Patience, commitment, and curiosity were
key factors in this process. Effective communication skills were crucial for building relationships
and gathering research data. Information technology skills played a vital role in operating
research projects and conducting analysis. Analytical skills were essential for evaluating the
quality, relevance, and practicality of the research.

What do you still need to learn and develop in yourself to be skilled teacher-researcher?
Answer: As a beginner in this field, I am committed to learning and developing as a skilled
teacher-researcher. I embrace a goal-oriented approach that involves planning, action, and fact-
finding to achieve satisfactory results and promote understanding. According to Kurt Lewin's
article on successful Action Research, key conditions include problem-solving focus, prioritizing
the employee (client), considering the current situation, producing empirically demonstrable
propositions, and aligning with a useful theory.

B. Preparing an Action Research Plan requires observation, noticing, inquiry, reflection, prior
readings. It is tedious process but you will find it easy to implement of you have a good plan. As
mentioned earlier “A good plan, is half the work done”

Direction: Choose the most appropriate answer from the given option.
1. As a beginning action researcher, what should be your primary task?
A. Identify the problem that us a cause of concern in the class
B. Reflect on the other problematic situations
C. Ask help from your mentor on how to solve the problem
D. Disregard the problem, after all you are still a student
2. In doing action research, continuous reflection in every step of the way should be done.
A. This statement is NOT true since reflection has its own time
B. This statement is TRUE since research requires continuous inquiry
 C. This statement is DOUBTFUL sine there are steps to follow
D. This statement is ONLE APPLICABLE to other kinds of research
3. In looking for an appropriate solution to the identified problem, the main purpose is to _______.
A. remove malpractice in teaching-learning
B. reward learners who do more than others
C. promote teachers who conduct research
D. A, B and C
4. In an action research, you should see to it that the intervention ____________.
A. is doable C. is of short duration
B. is new D. should not require statistics
5. Planning action research requires a researcher to ________.
A. follow strict procedures
B. frequently reflect on the process
C. match the solution to the identified problem
D. A, B and C

SHOW Your Learning Artifacts for your Portfolio

Your artifact will be taken from your activity in preparing an action research plan, in this episode.
You will just expand the answer that you have given and place in the template below.

My Initial Action Research Plan

1. Proposed Title: The Roles of Teachers for Effective Classroom Instructions in San Isidro
National High School

I. Identified Problem:
 With a class size of around 45 students, it is challenging to capture their attention and
encourage active participation. Some students appear disengaged, creating a sense of
detachment. During group activities, maintaining control becomes difficult as the
students become rowdy and my voice gets overshadowed. This situation triggers
anxiety and uncertainty, causing me to question if the students comprehend the
material or if I am speaking too rapidly.

II. Reflection about the Problem

To engage the students, it is important for me to incorporate technology and visual materials
that capture their attention. I should also raise my voice volume to ensure everyone, including
those in the back of the room, can hear me. Walking around the classroom during lessons helps
maintain student attention and prevents them from getting restless. As a teacher, it is crucial
to be a subject expert and prepared to answer any student questions. I strive to deliver lessons
effectively by studying and preparing with expertise.

III. My Plan of Action

During discussions, I actively engage my students by asking them to confirm their attention,
keeping them focused as they fear being asked a question they can't answer. To prevent
distractions, I enforce rules against gadget use during these times. As a teacher, it is my
responsibility to respond to all relevant questions and consider my students' progress before
concluding a topic. To be an effective teacher, I strive to make learning enjoyable and support
my students throughout their educational journey.

References

Submitted by:
Name: Marivic R. Obra Degree Pursued: BSED-Mathematics
Name of Institution: Southern Leyte State University SY: 2023- 2024

JOB WELL DONE!

Remember, in the succeeding episodes, you will be reflecting back on how you can conduct an
Action Research in the different topics that you will be able to participate and assist.
Good luck to all. Enjoy your journey to becoming a Reflective Teacher Practitioner!