FLUID MACHINERY 2

Lecture 1
Introduction
 General

• Turbomachines all those devices in which energy is

transferred either to, or from, a continuously flowing fluid by
the dynamic action of one or more moving blade rows.

• In general, the two kinds of turbomachines encountered in

practice are open and closed turbomachines.
 General

• Open turbomachines such as propellers, wind turbines and

unshrouded fans, all of which influence the state of a not
readily quantifiable flow of a fluid.

• Closed machines operate on a finite quantity of fluid as it

passes through a housing or casing.
 Units and dimensions

• The International System of Units, SI

 Compressible Gas Flow Relations

• In turbomachines handling compressible fluids, large

changes in flow velocity occur across the stages as a result
of pressure changes caused by the expansion or
compression processes.
 Stagnation Enthalpy

• For any point in the flow it is convenient to combine the

energy terms together. The enthalpy, h, and the kinetic
energy 0.5 V2 are combined and the result is called the
stagnation enthalpy,
 Stagnation Enthalpy

• The stagnation enthalpy is constant in a flow process that

does not involve a work transfer or a heat transfer even
though irreversible processes may be present.
 Stagnation Temperature and Pressure

• If the fluid is a perfect gas

 Stagnation Temperature and Pressure

• so that the stagnation temperature can be defined as

 Stagnation Temperature and Pressure

• The Gibb’s relation, derived from the second law of thermodynamics

 Stagnation Temperature and Pressure

• If the flow is brought to rest both adiabatically and isentropically (i.e.

ds = 0), then, using the above Gibb’s relation,

• so that
Stagnation Temperature and Pressure
Compressible Fluid Analysis
 The Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics

• Some of the more important and commonly used expressions for the
efficiency of compression and expansion flow processes are given. The
laws discussed are:
(1) The continuity of flow equation;
(2) The first law of thermodynamics and the steady flow energy equation;
(3) The momentum equation;
(4) The second law of thermodynamics.