Machine Elements

Mechanical Engineering Design

(Bag.3)

REZA YADI HIDAYAT

JURUSAN TEKNIK PENGECORAN LOGAM
POLITEKNI MANUFAKTUR NEGERI BANDUNG
 CONTENTS
• MATERIALS
• LOAD AND STRESS ANALYSIS
• DEFLECTION AND STIFFNESS
• FAILURE PRVENTION
• FAILURE RESULTING FROM STATIC LOADING
• FATIGUE FAILURE RESULTING FROM VARIABLE
LOADING
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design

The standard tensile test is used to obtain a variety of material characteristics and
strengths that are used in design.

A typical tension-test specimen. Some of the

standard dimensions used for d0 are 2.5, 6.25, and
12.5 mm and 0.505 in, but other sections and sizes
are in use. Common gauge lengths l0 used are 10,
25, and 50 mm and 1 and 2 in.

See ASTM standards E8 and E-8 m for standard dimensions.

 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design

The normal strain is calculated from

Figure 2–2 depicts typical stress-strain diagrams for ductile
and brittle materials. Ductile materials deform much more
than brittle materials

No permanent set will be observable in the specimen if the

load is removed at this point. In the linear range, the
uniaxial stress-strain relation is given by Hooke’s law as
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design

where the constant of proportionality E, the slope of the linear

part of the stress-strain curve, is called Young’s modulus or the
modulus of elasticity. E is a measure of the stiffness of a material,
and since strain is dimensionless

During the tension test, many materials reach a point at

which the strain begins to increase very rapidly without a
corresponding increase in stress. This point is called the
yield point
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design

PROSEDUR DISAIN MESIN

 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design
Threaded Components
Profil Ulir
Threaded Components
Profil Ulir

Diktat Polman-Yuliar Yasin

 Threaded Components
Profil Ulir

PRELOADING Pada Baut

Diktat Polman-Yuliar Yasin

Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

Edited : Ryadh
 Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

Baut dikencangkan dengan diberikan gaya tarik Fi gaya F dan Fs

adalah gaya luar yang bekerja pada sambungan tersebut.
Fungsi gaya Fi adalah untuk melekatkan bagian yang disambung
sehingga kekuatan terhadap gaya tarik luar (F) bertambah
Fi besar,juga untuk menimbulkan gesekan diantara bagian-bagian
L yang disambung sehingga mampu menahan gaya Fs.
Fs Fs Gaya Fs tidak berpengaruh terhadap gaya tarik yang dialami baut.
Defleksi suatu komponen yang mengalami tarikan atau tekan
adalah ;
F.L
Konstanta pegas ;
δ (1)
A.E F
K (2)
δ
δ ; defleksi
F : gaya luar F A.E
A : luas penampang  (3)
δ L
E : modulus elastisitas

Edited : Ryadh
 Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

d
Plat
Baut
Konstanta pegas plat
Kontanta pegas untuk baut ;
Ab. Eb
Kb  (4)
L
3d
A .E
Kb  t b (5)
L A

4
3d  2
 d2 
L  panjang total bagian yang disambung
A.E
Kp  (6)
2L
Catatan : Shigley  Mischke
kadang At diambil At=πd2/4 ; 0.577  .E p .d
Kp  (7)
d =mayor diameter   0.577 .L  0.5.d 
2 ln 5  
  0.577 .L  2.5.d 

Edited : Ryadh
 Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

(8)

(9)

(10)
Edited : Ryadh
(11)
 Edited : Ryadh
Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

 
Gaya resultan pada baut Fb menjadi Gaya resultan pada plat F p menjadi
       
Fb  Pb  Fi  C .P  Fi  0 (11) F p  Pp  F i  (1  C ).P  F i (12)
Kb Kb
C C
Kb  K p Kb  K p
Torsiyang dibutuhkan untuk memberikan gaya awal F i
Fp  0      sambungan tepat mau lepas
Fi .d m  l   . .d m . sec   Fi . c .d c
Fp  0      sambungan masih bagus T   (13)
2   .d   .l . sec   2
Fp  0      sambungan lepas m

d c  diameter rata  rata bantalan l  lead

0,5d m d  diameter pitch (rata  rata)

dc  dm  (14)   sudut ulir
2
  koefisien gesek antar ulir
Untuk kasus pemberian Fi , torsi dituliskan ;
T  K .Fi .d (14)
 c  koefisien gesek pada bantalan
d  diameter mayor
k  0,2; tidak tergantung ukuran dan jenis ulir
T  0,2.Fi .d (15)
 (16)

(17)

(18)
 Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

M16x2

L
 Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt

M16x2
(19)
L

(20)
Sebuah tabung silinder bertekanan terbuat dari bahan
baja paduan diikat oleh sejumlah baut baja paduan.
Disain baut mempunyai design load factor/safety factor
n=2.Total gaya luar yang bekerja pada baut = 100 x No
absen mahasiswa [kN].
1. Hitung kekauan baut Kb dan kekakuan plat Kp
2. Hitung konstanta join C
3. Hitung torsi T yang diperlukan untuk mengencangkan
baut
4. Hitung jumlah baut (N) yang diperlukan untuk
mengikat sambungan tersebut.

Edited : Ryadh
Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt
Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt
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Preloading Bolt
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Preloading Bolt
Threaded Components
Preloading Bolt
Power Screw
 Threaded Components
Power Screw Power Screw
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Power Screw
 Threaded Components
Types of Screw’s aplications

Power Screw
 Threaded Components
Power Screw

ACME : Association of Management Consulting Engineer

Threaded Components
Power Screw
Threaded Components
Power Screw
Threaded Components
Power Screw
Threaded Components
Power Screw
Threaded Components
Power Screw
 Threaded Components
Power Screw

An expression for efficiency is also useful in the evaluation

of power screws. If
we let f = 0 in Eq. (8–1), we obtain since thread friction has
been eliminated, is the torque required only to raise
the load

The efficiency is therefore

 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design
 Machine Elements
Mechanical Engineering Design
End of Bag.3