TLE REVIEWER

Making a isometric sketch

Isometric sketch makes use of three important axes for its formation.
These are the:
-Vertical Axis
-30 degrees right cross axis
-30 degrees left cross axis

Steps in Sketching an Isometric Box

1. Sketch a thin horizontal line, XY
2. Sketch a thin vertical axis AB perpendicular to the given line XY and forming two equal
90 degrees angles
3. Sketch a thin 30 degrees left cross axis, AC
4. Sketch a thin 30 degrees right cross axis, AD
5. Mark off distances to represent the width, length and the thickness of the box.
6. Connect CE parallel to the vertical axis
7. Connect DF parallel to the vertical axis
8. Complete the drawing
Pencil to be used for each kind of Line

Pencil - basic instrument for freehand drawing.

It is therefore crucial to use the right kind of pencil for this kind of drawing task.

Drawing pencils are manufactured in various grades of hardness or softness. THe letter H
means hard and B mean soft

Pencils range from 7B, which is very soft, up to 9H. The best pencil for freehand drawing
is 2H or 3H

The lead of any pencil is made up of a mixture of graphite, clay and wax. The clay makes
the lead heard. The harder the pencil is, the lighter is the line it produces.
Various pencil grades used in drawing

Hard (Used when extreme accuracy is Required)

-9H
-8H
-7H
-6H
-5H
-4H

Medium (Used for general drawing purposes)

-3H
-2H
-H
-F
-HB
-B

Soft(Used for artwork and mechanical drawing)

-2B
-3B
-4B
-5B
-6B
-7B

Pencils to be used for each kind of line

Construction Line - 3H to 5H
Border Line - H to HB
Visible Line - H to 2H
Hidden Line - H to 2H
Center Line - H to 2H
Dimension Line - 2H to 3H
Extension Line - 2H to 3H
Long Break Line - H to 2H
Short Break Line - H to 2H
Cutting Plane Line - H to 2H
Section Line - 2H to 3H

Proper Care And Use of Pencil

-Proper care must be practiced in sharpening pencils

The correct position of holding the drawing pencil

-Hold the pencil properly and not too firmly. Grip the pencil at least 3.5cm to 5cm from
the point. Rotate the pencil during the process of sketching. It must be pulled rather than
pushed away, especially in sketching straight and curved lines.

Alphabet of Lines and Its Classification

Drafting - is a language of symbols and lines

a DRAFTER should be familiar with each type and must be skillful enough in using such in his
or her drawing
Classification of lines
According to weight
-Heavy: boarder lines
-Thick: visible lines
-Medium: hidden liens
-Thin: center lines
-Light: construction lines

According to construction
-continuous lines
-broken lines
-combination of continuous and broken lines

According to functions
-Visible lines: are thick lines that are used to show the outline and shape of an object, and
define features one can see in a particular view
-Hidden lines: are medium, light narrow, short, dashed liens that are used to indicate the
hidden intersections of planes and other hidden featrues of the object
-Dimension lines: are thin lines that are unbroken except to permit intersection of figure that
gives that distance
-Extension lines: Are thin and continuous lines that extend from a view. They indicate the
extent of measurement given by a dimension line that is located outside a view.
-Center lines: are thin lines made of alternate long and short dashes. They are used to indicate
the center of entire objects and locations of circular features
-Border lines: are heavy lines used as a frame in the drawing
-Cutting plane lines: are thick lines consisting of one long and two short alternating dashes.
They are used in sectioning to show the path of the imaginary cutting plane
-Construction lines: are very fine lines used for laying out a drawing
-Section lines: are thin lines that appear as a series of diagonal lines drawn close together.
Section liens identify the imagined cut portion of a part in a section view.
-Long break lines: are light and ruled lines with freehand zigzags that are used to break
objects that are too big to be sketched or drawn on paper.

Since you know the alphabet of lines, always remember that each line has a definite form and
line weight. The standard thick line weight varies from .030 to .038 of an inch, while the
standard thin light weight varies from .015 to .022 of an inch.

House Planning
When starting to work on this, consider the following...

Income and size of the family

- the amount needed for the construction fo a house dependso n the income of the family.
-Experts in house construction services claim that the cost of constructing a house in the
Philippines currently ranges from 15,000 to 20,000 per square meter of the total floor area of the
house excluding lighting features, grills, and perimiter fence with gate and landscape.
-This is just an estimate depending on the construction costs.
-This is just meant for budgetary or reference purposes only.
Size and location of lot
-The size of the lot determines the size of the house.
-The location of the lot should be given importance for the safety and security of the family
members
-If the budget allows, look for corner lots for accessibility although they are more expensive than
inside lots.

Location of the proposed house on the lot

-The location of the proposed house determines the location of the rooms and the house itself
on the lot.
-Consider the preference of the family where each part of the house will be located for comfort
and privacy

Building code
-This is a list of restrictions or rules governing the construction of the house. Any violation of this
code can delay or stop the construction work.

The code covers the following:

1. For one-story wooden frame houses, the height of the floor from the ground should
not be less than 1.50m
2. For two-story frame buildings, the distance between the first and second floor should
not be less than 3.00m
3. Walls with window openings should not be less than 2.00m from the lot line or fence
4. No windows should be constructed along a wall of a house if the wall is flush or within
the property line. In this regard, a fire wall should be built instead of windows

Style of house
-The different styles of a house are the following:
1. Frame building - is made of wood
2. semi-concrete building - is made of lumber and concrete
3. concrete house - is made of hollow blocks and concrete

Cost of materials and labor

-The cost of materials and labor is one main concern that needs to be given priority because of
high cost of such
-Most house builders are contracted only for labor, leaving the purchase of materials to the
prospective owner.

Likes Dislikes of the family members

-This is usually considered if the family can afford to pay for the services of and architect
-The plan of the house is totally based on the family's interests, hobbies, and the like.

Parts of a Frame House

The arrangement of these parts on the drawing sheet. The parts of a Simple frame house
shown in the illustration