University of Duhok

College of Science
Department of Geology
General Chemistry

Student name: Yousif Hashim -Didar Faraj -Sipan Eismat

-Mahdi Sanaan

Name of experiment: Preparation of Sodium chloride NaCl

Date of experiment: 13/2/2024

Supervised by: Mr.s Sozan

Introduction:

Sodium is the common name for sodium hydrogen carbonate. NaHCO3.

When NaHCO3 reacts with hydrochloric acid, it produces a white solid of
sodium chloride (table salt). The reaction also produces two gaseous
products, water vapor and carbon dioxide. Table salt exists naturally in the
form of mineral crystals known as rock salt or halite. Table salt is also
found in abundance in seawater, where it is the main mineral component.
The ocean contains approximately 53 grams of salt per liter and its salinity
is 3.5%. In general, a chemical reaction is complete if one of the reactants
is completely consumed during the reaction. There are many ways by
which we can predict complete reactions, including: (a) the appearance of
a precipitate, (b) the formation of an acidic or basic intermediate, and (c)
The appearance of gas bubbles (a volatile substance). In this experiment,
soda (sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen (CO2), water and carbon
dioxide (NaCl)) will react with a solution of hydrochloric acid to convert
soda to table salt (carbonate). Heating will be used to separate the water
from the salt. Because the presence of water helps in the hydrolysis of
salt: as the water molecules bind to the sodium ion and chlorine is a
component of an aqueous solution of food salt.

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Procedure:

1- Dissolve (0.5gm) of Na2CO3 in (3.5ml) of

distilled water.
2- Add HCl (4M) drop by drop until pH = 7.
3- Heat the solution on a hot plate (do not dry).
4- Continue drying on the air.
5- Weigh the product and
calculate the % yield.
Physical tests:

1. The color of the salt.

2. The form of the salt (crystal or powder).
3. The solubility in water or in other
solvents.
Discussion:

When NaHCO3 reacts with hydrochloric acid, it

produces a white solid of sodium chloride (M
(table salt). The reaction also produces two
gaseous products, water vapor and carbon
dioxide. Rabon. Seawater is its main mineral
component. The ocean contains approximately
35 grams of salt per liter of salinity.