MODULE 1

METACOGNITION
 METACOGNITION
The term "metacognition " was coined by JohnFlavell.
*according to Flavell (1979, 1987), metacognition
consist of both metacognitive knowledge and
metacognitive experiences or regulation.

"thinking about thinking" or "learning how to

learn.
 METACOGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE

METACOGNITIVE METACOGNITIVE
KNOWLEDGE

Refers to higher order thinking Refers to acquired knowledge

which involves active awareness aboutcognitive processes,
and control over the cognitive knowledge that can be used to
processes engaged in learning. control cognitive processes.
 3 CATEGORIES OF
METACOGNITIVE
KNOWLEDGE

Person Variables Strategy Variables

Task Variables
 Person Variables
Includes how one views himself as a learner and
thinker.

Task Variables
Knowledge of task variables includes knowledge
about the nature of the task as well as the type
of processing demands that it will place upon the
individual.

Strategy Variables
Involves awareness of the strategy you
are using to learn a topic and evaluating
whether this strategy is effective.
 META-ATTENTION

The awareness of specific strategies so

that you can keep your attention focused
on the topic or task at hand.
Metacognitive Strategies to
Facilitate Learning
Metacognition involves
TQLR
knowledge and skills which you 1. Monitor T is for tune
and your students can learn and 2. Study or Q is for question
learning strategies L is for listen
master.
R is for remember

3. Make predictions
4. Relate ideas to existing PQ4R
knowledge structures P - preview R - Recite
5. Development questions Q - question R - Review
6. Know when to ask for help R - read R - Reflect
7. Transfer
Novice and Expert Learners
Differences Between Novice and Expert Learners
 Module 2
Learner - Centered Psychological Principles
The aspects of 14 principles

1. Internal factors
(Conditioned or Physiological factors)

2.
External factors
(External environment or Contextual factors)
14 principles are divided into 4 categories:

1. Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors

2. Motivational and Affective Factors

3. Developmental and Social Factors

4. Individual Differences Factors

 Cognitive and Metacognitive

1. Nature of the learning process

2. Goals of the learning process
3. Construction of Knowledge
4. Strategic Thinking
5. Thinking about Thinking
6.Context of learning
 Motivational and
Effective Factors

7. Motivational and Emotional Influences on Learning

8. Intrinsic Motivation to Learn
9. Effect of Motivation on Effort