2

Section A

Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.

1 (a) (i) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State two examples of each type of quantity.

scalar quantity vector quantity

1 ...................................................... 1 ......................................................

2 ...................................................... 2 ......................................................
[2]

(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the direction and size of two vectors P and Q.

Fig. 1.1

In the space next to Fig. 1.1, draw a labelled vector diagram to show the resultant vector
obtained by adding vector P to vector Q.

Draw vector P, vector Q and the resultant vector to the same scale as in Fig. 1.1.
[2]

[Total: 5]

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2 A car approaches a set of traffic lights. The lights change to red at time t = 0.

Fig. 2.1 shows how the speed of the car changes with time.

24

20
speed
m/s
16

12

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t/s

Fig. 2.1

(a) The car starts to slow down a short time after the lights change to red.

Determine the time between the lights changing to red and the car starting to slow down.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) (i) State what is meant by uniform acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State how Fig. 2.1 shows that the deceleration of the car between t = 2 s and t = 7 s is
non-uniform.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Determine the distance the car travels from the moment the car starts to slow down until it
stops.

distance = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a small brick hanging from a newton meter.

newton meter

brick

Fig. 3.1

The reading on the newton meter is 3.0 N.

(a) Describe how the reading on the newton meter is used to find the mass of the brick.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The same brick and newton meter are used in the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.2. The meter
rule is pivoted at its centre and is balanced. The reading on the newton meter is not shown.

newton meter 0

uniform metre
pivot rule
10 cm 20 cm

Fig. 3.2

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(i) State the principle of moments for a body in equilibrium.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the reading on the newton meter shown in Fig. 3.2.

reading = ......................................................... [2]

(c) A beaker of water is placed so that the brick is partly submerged in the water, as shown in
Fig. 3.3. The apparatus is adjusted to keep the rule horizontal.

newton meter 0

uniform metre
pivot rule
10 cm 20 cm

water

Fig. 3.3

Suggest why the reading on the newton meter is less than your answer in (b)(ii).

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

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