HARMELIA JASMIN

1102622017
Pendidikan Anak Kesulitan Belajar
Dosen Pengampu : Riana Bagaskorowati, S.Pd, M.Si, Ph.D
[Quiz 1] 1st March 2023

This is a short summary of my understanding and personal research from the case given.
Before discussing further of what Budi condition, let's get to know more about what Learning
Disability.

The Definition of Specific Learning Disability (SLD) based on IDEA (2004) is a disorder in one or
more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken
or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell,
or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain
injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. Specific learning disability
does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor
disabilities, of intellectual disability, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or
economic disadvantage.
Eight Academic Domains of SLD are ; Oral Expression, Listening Comprehension, Written
Expression, Basic Reading Skills, Reading Fluency Skills, Reading Comprehension, Mathematics
Calculation, Mathematics Problem Solving.

From the IDEA definition of learning disability is described as a disorder in the basic psychological
processes that interfere with a person’s ability to listen, think, speak, read, spell, or do
mathematical calculations. Therefore, this definition of a learning disability implicates that it
affects a person’s academic ability and may interfere with their progress at school. For example, a
student may not comprehend the concepts they learn at school or have difficulty processing and
solving a mathematical problem or writing/reading concepts.

The case of having difficulties in learning.

In the Case, Budi received reading intervention int Term 2 of Year 1, in the Elementary. And then he
continues to exhibit some difficulties with decoding, reading fluency and reading comprehension.
Budi school has planned some adjustment like differentiated curriculum materials to
accommodate his literacy needs; regular targeted small group instruction in the classroom to
strengthen phonological awareness and phonics skills; repeated reading activities for classroom
and home; and additional time to complete written tasks. But despite all of the strategies, the on
going data has shown that Budi had not improved as expected in the follow up assessment by the
Literacy Coordinator. The school consulting with Budi parents that Budi may required to do a
formal assesment so that the specific learning needs of the child could be provided through
additional adjustments on an ongoing basis within the classroom.

1
Following the case, i ascertain tell that Budi may have shown a Specific Learning Disabilities
commoribid as in dyselexia.
Based on how Budi are having difficulties with reading decode, fluency and comperhensing.
Following that point Budi may have slow oral reading rate (reading word-by-word) and reading
without expression. But as a non-professional seems we unable to direcly point out any individual
wheter they have LD or no. There are many assessment and test procedures that can be held to
identify the chronology of Budi's condition and level of difficulty. Common achievement tests used
to diagnose a learning disability include the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement (WJ), the
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), and
the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Third Edition (KTEA-3). These kind of test had a
different administered tests range from the paper-pencil type of cognitive and neuropsychological
tasks to psychological and behavioral self-report questionnaires. As such, these types of tests can
help determine and diagnose a learning disability. These tasks focus on skills such as:

Cognitive abilities
Academic achievement (arithmetic, reading, writing, etc.)
Language
Learning
Motor skills
Visuospatial skills
Executive functioning
Memory

Testing happens to be included in the rights that people with learning disabilities need.
Educational specialists and psychologists are the types of people allowed to administer learning
disability tests for individuals. The type of tests that are used to diagnose a learning disability
includes

Intelligence Tests
Achievement Tests
Visual-Motor Integration Tests
Language Tests

Achievement tests assess the student’s knowledge and skill in a specific academic area or subject.
Visual-motor integration tests appraise a student’s motor skills and visual skills. And, language
tests classify a student’s oral and written language skills. The general importance behind these
types of tests is that they allow psychologists to evaluate a student’s strengths and weaknesses in
academic achievement and cognitive abilities and find the proper interventions they may need to
improve their way of learning.