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CIRCULATION
Dr DEEP MUKHOPADHYAY
INTRODUCTION
Overview
Gross anatomy
Microscopy/ Histology
OVERVIEW
On the tip of each papilla is the area cribrosa, where the distal ends of
collecting ducts (ducts of Bellini) open into the renal pelvis.
Renal pelvis - expanded portion of the
upper urinary tract
85% 15%
1. Fenestrated Capillary
Endothelium
2. Glomerular Basement
Membrane (GBM)
3. Filtration Slit
Diaphragm between
the foot processes of
The Visceral Epithelial
Cells
ELECTRON MICROGRAPH
Fenestrations- 70 to 100 nm in diameter
Podocytes (visceral epithelial cells) - the largest cells in the glomerulus. They
do not replicate
The cell bodies give rise to long cytoplasmic primary processes that branch
into secondary and tertiary processes, surround the capillaries, and finally
divide into foot processes.
The gap between adjacent foot processes is bridged by a thin structure called
the “filtration slit diaphragm”.
Bridges the 30–40 nm space - called the “filtration slit” between adjacent foot processes
Rodewald and Karnovsky proposed a porous zipper-like model for the SD.
Enhanced SEM revealed variable-shape pores in the center of the SD and no central filament. This
finding is more consistent with the SD as a heteroporous structure rather than the zipper-like model
Tubular component - the macula densa, located in the terminal portion of the TAL
that lies between the afferent and efferent arterioles
Extraglomerular mesangium, also called the polar cushion- polkissen or the lacis
S3 – reminder of PST
A prominent endocytic–lysosomal
apparatus
1- Type A
2 - Type B
3- Non-a Non-b
CNTs Of Superficial
Nephrons Continue
Directly Into ICTs,
Whereas CNTs From
Midcortical And
Juxtamedullary
Nephrons Join To Form
Arcades That Ascend In
The Cortex And Continue
Into ICTs.
1- ICT - initial collecting tubule
1- Principal Cells
2- Intercalated Cells
INTERSTITIUM
Peritubular interstitium - interstitial cells, extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid interposed
between the basement membranes of the renal tubules and peritubular capillaries
Periarterial interstitium - a layer of connective tissue and interstitial cells surrounding the
arteries in the renal cortex [can produce renin]
Fibroblasts, also known as “stellate” or “sustentacular cells,” are the most abundant in the
peritubular interstitium.
In inflammation-myofibroblast. In medulla-numerous lipid inclusions[COX2+, PGE2 synthesis]
Pericytes are contractile cells intimately associated with the capillaries in both the renal
cortex(5NT+) and medulla
Cells of the immune system - the most common are dendritic cells (MHC 2 +)
LYMPHATICS
• Sympathetic- T6 to L2