LESSON 1: SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

 Form:
A. SPECIAL VERB: TO BE (am/ is/are) B. OTHER ORDINARY VERBS:
(+) S+ V (s/es)
( -) S + do / does + not + Verb
(?) (Wh- word) + do/ does + S + Verb?

Ex: She is a marketing director. Ex: She works for a multi-national corporation.
She isn’t a marketing director. She doesn’t work for a multi-national corporation.
Is she a marketing director? Does she work for a multi-national corporation?

*Nouns / Verbs + es and are pronounced /iz/ when they end in x, s(s), z, ch, sh, ce, ge
Example: finishes, misses, glasses, places, performances, charges, languages, boxes …

 Usage:
- Truth / sth true for a long time or habits
- Schedule of bus, train, course, flight, movie…

 Tense markers: ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

1. INDEFINITE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

100%
always
usually
often*/ frequently* (S + V + O + *)
sometimes* / occasionally*
seldom
rarely have negative meaning
hardly (ever) (Negation and Inversion)
never
0%

 Positions:
A. After “to be”
Ex: They are always early. /My supervisor is never on time.

B. Before other Verbs

Ex: He sometimes comes late. / I occasionally have to go to school on Saturdays.

C. Between Auxiliary Verbs and Main Verbs

Ex: He doesn’t often stay up late. / I don’t usually shop online.