CHEMICAL

FORMULAS
 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the period, 85% of the
students should be able to:
1.distinguish atoms, molecules, and ions;
2. Name some ionic compounds;
3. write down the chemical formulas of
some ionic compounds through
crisscross method.
 Identify the following substances as
atom, molecule, or ion.

1. N2 Molecule
2. N -3 Ion
3. SO4 -2 Ion
4. Fe Atom
5. K Atom
6. H2 Molecule
7. CN - Ion
8. Hg Atom
9. Zn Atom
Periodic Table of Elements
Periodic Table of Elements

Periods
Horizontal
arrangement
Periodic Table of Elements
Group/
Family
Vertical
arrangement
Named Groups/Families
 ? Atoms ?

combine lose or gain

to form electron to
form

Molecules Ions
 Atoms

loss of gain of
electrons electrons

Cations(+) Anions(-)
 REMEMBER
ATOMS ARE NEUTRAL, THEIR
CHARGES = 0

EACH ELECTRON HAS A

CHARGE = -1
 EXERCISE
If atom X gains 3 electrons, write
its complete symbol
X+3e- → ?
X0+(-3)
X 3-
METALLIC IONS
NONMETALLIC IONS
 REMEMBER
metals nonmetals
Tendency to Tendency to
lose electrons gain electrons
(cation) (anion)
 Naming ions (IUPAC)
MONOATOMIC METALLIC ION

Metal’s name + ion (with only 1 charge)

Metal’s name + (charge in Roman
numeral) + ion
METALLIC IONS
Lithium ion
METALLIC IONS
Magnesium ion
METALLIC IONS
Rubidium ion
METALLIC IONS
Aluminum ion
METALLIC IONS
Chromium (III)
ion
METALLIC IONS
Iron (III) ion
METALLIC IONS
Gold (I) ion
METALLIC IONS
Mercury (I) ion
METALLIC IONS
Mercury (I) ion

Mercury (I) ion

 Naming ions (IUPAC)
CLASSICAL NAMING FOR METALLIC IONS
WITH 2 CHARGES

Use their LATIN NAMES (if available)

and change the last letters to ous
(lower charge) and ic (higher charge).
Latin Names of Elements
METALLIC IONS
Ferrum
Ferrous ion
METALLIC IONS
Ferrum
Ferric ion
METALLIC IONS
Cuprum
Cuprous ion
METALLIC IONS
Hydrargyrum
Mercurous ion
METALLIC IONS
Hydrargyrum
Mercuric ion
 Naming ions (IUPAC)
MONOATOMIC NONMETALLIC
ION

Non metal’s name but change

the last letters with ide + ion
NONMETALLIC IONS
Nitride ion
NONMETALLIC IONS
Oxide ion
NONMETALLIC IONS
Telluride ion
NONMETALLIC IONS
Fluoride ion
NONMETALLIC IONS
Hydride ion
NONMETALLIC IONS
Hydrogen ion
 Oxyanions

POLYATOMIC anions formed when a

certain element is bound to oxygen
making the overall charge negative.
 Oxyanions
Elements with 1 oxyanion form
 Naming Oxyanions
When there are ONLY two oxyanions involving the
same element:
Element name + ite/ate ion
ite ate
Fewer oxygens More oxygens
NO2− : nitrite ion NO3− : nitrate ion
SO32− : sulfite ion SO42− : sulfate ion
 Oxyanions
Elements with 2 oxyanion forms
 Oxyanions
Elements with 2 oxyanion forms
 Oxyanions
Elements with 2 oxyanion forms
 Naming Oxyanions
Elements with 4 oxyanion forms:
Number of
Naming
Oxygens
1(least) Hypo- _____________ -ite
2(2nd least) ______________ -ite
3(2nd most) ______________ - ate
4(most) Per- ____________ -ate
 Oxyanions
Elements with 4 oxyanion forms
 Writing Binary and Ternary
Ionic Compounds
Three Situations to Consider:
1. Binary Ionic Compounds of Group A Metals & Nonmetals –
Elements in family 1, 2, 13, 15, 16,17 with single charge. (Also
some elements in Group B – family 3,4,5).

2. Binary Ionic Compounds of Group B Metals & Nonmetals –

Elements in family 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 with 2 or more
charges. (Also some elements in Group A – 14 (Sn, Pb ).

3. Ternary Ionic Compounds which are composed of

Either Metals from Group A or B plus polyatomic ions.
 Compounds
its chemical
compositions

Binary Ternary
consist of two elements consist of 3 or more elements

Ionic Compounds ( M + NM) Ionic Compounds ( Metals

+ Polyatomic ions)
Covalent Compounds ( NM+ NM) Ternary Acids or Oxyacids
Binary Acids ( Hydrogen+ NM) ( Hydrogen + Polyatomic
ions/ oxyanions)
Ionic
Compounds
 Ionic Compounds
Compounds formed
between electrostatic
attractions between
cations and anions
 Ionic Compounds
The overall charge of
ionic compound is
equal to ZERO.
 Ionic Compounds
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
formed between metal cation and nonmetal
anion.
 Ionic Compounds
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
formed between metal/polyatomic cation
and nonmetal/polyatomic anion.

KMnO4 ; (NH4)2C2O4
Naming Ionic
Compounds (IUPAC)

Cation anion
 Naming Ionic Compounds (IUPAC)

NaCl Sodium chloride

Iron (II) oxide
FeO
Ferrous oxide
LiF Lithium fluoride
 Sample Exercises:
1. Write the formulas of the following ionic
compounds:
a. Strontium fluoride
Steps:
1. Write the symbols of the each element
in ion forms.

Sr +2 F -
 a. Strontium Fluoride
2. Then, crisscross the numbers and write them as subscript.

Sr +2 F -

1 2 SrF2
 Writing chemical formula of
ionic compounds:
Express the subscripts in lowest
term
b. Calcium sulfide

2 2
c. Gold (III) oxide

2 3
 d. Magnesium iodate

1 2
e. Iron (II) pyroarsenate

4 2
 Which of the following ionic
compounds is incorrectly named?

(a)Zn(NO3)2 Zinc nitrate;

(b)TeCl4 Tellurium(IV) chloride;
(c)Fe2O3 Diiron oxide;
(d)BaO Barium oxide
(e)Mn3(PO4)2 Manganese (II) phosphate.
 Which of the following ionic compounds
is incorrectly named?

(a)Zn(NO3)2 Zinc nitrate;

(b)TeCl4 Tellurium(IV) chloride;
(c)Fe2O3 Iron (III) oxide
(d)BaO Barium oxide
(e)Mn3(PO4)2 Manganese (II) phosphate.
Acids and
Bases
 Binary Acids
Combination of hydrogen ion
+
(H ) and a nonmetal in
aqueous solution.

HCl (aq) ; HF (aq) ; H2S (aq)

 Naming binary acids
Hydro – nonmetal – ic acid

HCl(aq) Hydrochloric acid

HF(aq) Hydrofluoric acid
H2S(aq) Hydrosulfuric acid
 Ternary Acids
Combination of hydrogen ion
+
(H ) and a polyatomic anion in
aqueous solution.
H2SO4 (aq) ; HClO4 (aq) ; H3PO4 (aq)
 Naming ternary acids
Ends with ate (anion name + -ic acid)
Ends with ite (anion name + -ous acid)

HNO3(aq) Nitric acid

HClO (aq) Hypochlorous acid
H3PO4 (aq) Phosphoric acid
 Which of the following acids is
incorrectly named?

(a) hydrocyanic acid, HCN

(b) nitrous acid, HNO3
(c) perbromic acid, HBrO4
(d) iodic acid, HI
(e) selenic acid, HSeO4
 Which of the following acids is
incorrectly named?

(a) hydrocyanic acid, HCN

(b) nitrous acid, HNO3
(c) perbromic acid, HBrO4
(d) Hydroiodic acid, HI
(e) selenic acid, HSeO4
 Which of the following acids is
incorrectly named?

(a) hydrocyanic acid, HCN

(b) nitrous acid, HNO3
(c) perbromic acid, HBrO4
(d) hydroiodic acid, HI
(e) selenic acid, HSeO4
 Which of the following acids is
incorrectly named?

(a) hydrocyanic acid, HCN

(b) nitric acid, HNO3
(c) perbromic acid, HBrO4
(d) hydroiodic acid, HI
(e) selenic acid, HSeO4
 Bases
Combination of cation and
-
hydroxide ion (OH ) in
aqueous solution.
NaOH (aq) ; Mg(OH)2 (aq) ; NH4OH (aq)
 Naming Bases
Cation + hydroxide

Fe(OH)3(aq) Iron (III) hydroxide

NaOH(aq) Sodium hydroxide
NH4OH(aq) Ammonium hydroxide
Covalent
Compounds
 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the period, 85% of the
students should be able to:

1. Name some covalent compounds;

2. write down the chemical formulas of
some covalent compounds.
 Covalent Compounds
Combination of 2
nonmetals that share
electrons from each other.
HCl(g) ; CCl4 ; H2S (g)
Naming Covalent Compounds
The name of the element farther to
the left in the periodic table (closer
to the metals) or lower in the same
group is usually written first.

A prefix is used to denote the

number of atoms of each element
in the compound (mono- is not
used on the first element listed,
however).
 Naming Covalent Compounds

HCl(g) Hydrogen monochloride

CF4 Carbon tetrafluoride
H2S(g) Dihydrogen monosulfide
 Naming Covalent Compounds

SO2 Sulfur dioxide

PCl5 Phosphorus pentachloride

Dichlorine monoxide
Cl2O
 Naming Covalent Compounds
Some prefixes that usually ends
with “a/o” is modified in naming:
monoxide heptoxide
tetroxide octoxide
pentoxide nonoxide
hexoxide decoxide