A Seminar Report on

SMART HELMET SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by

P.MAHESH SAI

Regd. No. 19BQ5A0325

Department of Mechanical Engineering

VASIREDDY VENKATADRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NBA (B.Tech program), Approved by AICTE,
Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, NAAC Accredited with ‘A’ Grade,
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Nambur (V), Pedakakani (M), Guntur (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh-522508
2021-22
 VASIREDDY VENKATADRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Accredited by NBA (B. Tech program), Approved by AICTE,

Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, NAAC Accredited with ‘A’ Grade,
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Nambur (V), Pedakakani (M), Guntur (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 522508

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar entitled “SMART HELMET SYSTEM” is

being submitted by POTHURI MAHSH SAI (Regd. No.19BQ5A0325) in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering to the
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada in the academic year 2021-22.

Signature of Seminar supervisor Signature of Head of the Department

(Ms.M.V.Lakshmi Vinitha) (Dr. K Satyanarayana )

Asst.Professor, Dept. of ME Professor & Head, Dept. of ME
 DECLARATION

The Seminar entitled “SMART HELMET SYSTEM” is a record of bonafide

presentation carried out by me and submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of
Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering to the Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Kakinada.

Signature of student

P.MAHESH SAI

19BQ5A0325
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have to highly indebted to my guide MS.M.V.Lakshmi Vinitha, who guided

me all throughthe completion of my B.Tech seminar.

I articulate my profound gratitude to Dr. K. Satyanarayana, Head of the

Mechanical Engineering Department, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, for
their indispensable encouragement with salient guidelines and suggestions throughout
work.

I convey my special thanks to our honorable principal Dr. Y. Mallikarjuna Reddy,

my college management for providing library for the completion of seminar within the
campus.

Signature of student

POTHURI MAHESH SAI

19BQ5A0325
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description Page No.

1. Introduction 01

2. Circuit Diagram 02

3. Power Supply Description 03

4. Flow Chart 04

5. Relay or Electro-Mechanical Switch 05

6. Wireless Transmitter and Receiver using ASK RF Modulation 06

7. Transmitter Circuit Diagram 07

8. Receiver Circuit Diagram 07

9. SOLENOID VALVE 08

10. HOW SOLENOID VALVE 09

11. CONCLUSION 10
Introduction:

The impact when a motorcyclist involves in a high speed accident without wearing a

helmet is very dangerous and can cause fatality. Wearing a helmet can reduce shock from the impact

and may save a life. There are many countries enforcing a regulation that requires the motorcycle's

rider to wear a helmet when riding on their motorcycle, Malaysia is an example. For this reason, this

presentation is specially developed as to improve the safety of the motorcycle's rider.

The main work of this project is When The rider wears a helmet on his head the fuel supply is passed

to the engine from the fuel tank. If the rider won’t wear a helmet on his head the fuel is not passed

to engine it is operated by solenoid valve and is actuated by the sensor. The sensor is connected

between solenoid valve and current supply the sensor switch is connected in helmet at middle of

head when the bike rider wear his helmet on his head the switch is activated when the switch is in

activating condition the sensor is come to activating the current supply is pass through the sensor to

solenoid valve the valve is come to working condition like the valve is opened the fuel supply will

passed to the engine when the sensor is activated the display shows your vehicle is ready to start

when you’re wearing the helmet . if the sensor is not activate the display shows your vehicle is not

ready to start when you’re not wearing the helmet . In this project the helmet is specially designed
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY:

Description:
The Power Supply is a Primary requirement for the project work. The required DC power
supply for the base unit as well as for the recharging unit is derived from the mains line. For this purpose
center tapped secondary of 12V-012V transformer is used. From this transformer we getting 5V power
supply. In this +5V output is a regulated output and it is designed using 7805 positive voltage regulator.
This is a 3 Pin voltage regulator, can deliver current up to 800 milliamps. Rectification is a process of
rendering an alternating current or voltage into a unidirectional one. The component used for rectification
is called ‘Rectifier’. A rectifier permits current to flow only during positive half cycles of the applied AC
voltage. Thus, pulsating DC is obtained to obtain smooth DC power additional filter circuits required.

Circuit diagram:
+12v

1N4007 X 2

230v / 12v- 0 -12v 2200µF/25v

500mA Transformer

100µF/25v

A diode can be used as rectifier. There are various types of diodes. However, semiconductor diodes are very
popularly used as rectifiers. A semiconductor diode is a solid-state device consisting of two elements is
being an electron emitter or cathode, the other an electron collector or anode. Since electrons in a
semiconductor diode can flow in one direction only-form emitter to collector-the diode provides the
unilateral conduction necessary for rectification The rectified Output is filtered for smoothening the DC, for
this purpose capacitor is used in the filter circuit. The filter capacitors are usually connected in parallel with
the rectifier output and the load. The AC can pass through a capacitor but DC cannot, the ripples are thus
limited and the output becomes smoothed. When the voltage across the capacitor plates tends to rise, it
stores up energy back into voltage and current. Thus, the fluctuation in the output voltage is reduced
considerable.
Relay or Electro-Mechanical Switch:
It is a mechanical switch which is operated electrically to turn ON or OFF current in an electrical switch.
Some of the advantages by using relays are
1. The relay requires a small power for its operation. This permits to control a large power in the load
by a small power to the relay circuit. Thus a relay acts as a power amplifier i.e. it combines control with power
amplification.
2. The switch in the relay coil carries a small current as compared to the load current. This permits the
use of a smaller switch in the relay coil circuit.
3. The operator can turn ON or OFF power to a load even from a distance. This is a very important
advantage when high voltages are to be handled.
4. There is no danger sparking as the turning ON or OFF is carried by the relay coil switch which carries
a small current. But the speed operation is very small
Wireless Transmitter and Receiver using
ASK RF Modulation
A wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitter and receiver can be easily made

using HT12DDecoder, HT12E Encoder and ASK RF Module. Wireless transmission can be

done by using 433Mhz or 315MHz ASK RF Transmitter and Receiver modules. In these

modules digital data is represented by different amplitudes of the carrier wave, hence this

modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). Radio Frequency (RF) transmission

is more strong and reliable than Infrared (IR) transmission due to following reasons :

▪ Radio Frequency signals can travel larger distances than Infrared.

▪ Only line of sight communication is possible through Infrared while radio frequency
signals can be transmitted even when there is obstacles.
▪ Infrared signals will get interfeared by other IR sources but signals on one frequency band
in RF will not interfeared by other frequency RF signals.
Transmitter Circuit Diagram

ASK RF Transmitter
HT12E Encoder IC will convert the 4 bit parallel data given to pins D0 – D3 to serial data and
will be available at DOUT. This output serial data is given to ASK RF Transmitter. Address
inputs A0 – A7 can be used to provide data security and can be connected to GND (Logic
ZERO) or left open (Logic ONE). Status of these Address pins should match with status of
address pins in the receiver for the transmission of the data. Data will be transmitted only
when the Transmit Enable pin (TE) is LOW. 1.1MΩ resistor will provide the necessary
external resistance for the operation of the internal oscillator of HT12E.

Receiver Circuit Diagram

ASK RF Receiver
ASK RF Receiver receives the data transmitted using ASK RF Transmitter. HT12D decoder
will convert the received serial data to 4 bit parallel data D0 – D3. The status of these
address pins A0-A7 should match with status of address pin in the HT12E at the transmitter
for the transmission of data. The LED connected to the above circuit glows when valid data
transmission occurs from transmitter to receiver. 51KΩ resistor will provide the necessary
resistance required for the internal oscillator of the HT12D

SOLENOID VALVE:
How a solenoid valve works:

The solenoid valve has an enclosed chamber inside and ventilated holes in different positions. Every hole is connected

with different oil pipes. The chamber has a piston in the middle. The two sides are two pieces of electromagnets. The

electrifying magnetic coil will attract the valve body to its side, so that different oil outlets will be opened or closed

through controlling the movement of the valve body. However, the oil inlet is constantly open. The hydraulic oil will

enter into different draw-off pipes. The oil pressure will be used to drive the piston of the oil cylinder, which will drive

the piston rod and then the mechanical device. In this way, through controlling the current of the solenoid valve, the

mechanical movement will be controlled.

CONCUSION:

The impact when a motorcyclist involves in a high speed accident without wearing a

helmet is very dangerous and can cause fatality. Wearing a helmet can reduce shock from the impact

and may save a life. There are many countries enforcing a regulation that requires the motorcycle's

rider to wear a helmet when riding on their motorcycle, Malaysia is an example. For this reason, this

presentation is specially developed as to improve the safety of the motorcycle's rider.