GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

K. J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
Savli, Vadodara

A
Project Report
On

INVERTER(220V AC TO 12V DC)

Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING − ⅠA
B.E. , Semester - Ⅲ
(Electrical Engineering)

Submitted by:
Group ID:215143

Sr. Name of student Enrollment no.

1. KUSHWAHA ROHIT O. 190643109018

MR.PATEL HEMESH RAMESHBHAI

(Faculty Guide)

Prof. YATIN PATEL

Head of Department

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 (2019-2020)

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
Affiliated

K. J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Savli, Vadodara

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the students namely, Mr. KUSHWAHA ROHIT

OMPRAKASHSINGH of B.E (Electrical Engineering) Semester Ⅲ Have

successfully completed the course work and related tasks for the course of Design

Engineering − ⅠA (3130008) during the academic term of 2019-2020.

Date:
Place:

Mr. Patel Hemesh Patel Prof. Yatin Patel

(Faculty Guide) Head of Department

(External Examiner)

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 K. J. Institute of Engineering & Technology, Savli
Branch

2019

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work presented in this project entitled
“INVERTER 220V AC TO 12V DC” submitted towards completion
of project in Third Semester of B.E. (ELECT. Engineering) is an
authentic record of my original work carried out under the guidance of
“Mr.PATEL HEMESH RAMESHBHAI”.

I have not submitted the matter embodied in this project

for the award of any other degree.

Semester: 3rd
Place: KJIT, Savli

Project Team:
KUSHWAHA ROHIT O.
(190643109018)

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 K. J. Institute of Engineering & Technology, Savli
Branch

2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken many efforts in this project. However, it would not have
been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals
and organizations. We would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of
them.

I are highly indebted to “Hemesh R. Patel” Sir for their guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information
regarding the Design Engineering Project Titled “INVERTER 220V
AC TO 12V DC”. We would like to express my gratitude towards staff
members of Elect. Engineering, K. J. Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Savli for their kind co- operation and encouragement
which helped us in completion of this project.

I even thank and appreciate to our colleague in developing the project

and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.

Project Team:
KUSHWAHA ROHIT O.
(190643109018)

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Index

1. Introduction………………………………………………… …………………
2. Observations……………………………………………………………………
2.1 A-E-I-O-U framework…………………………………………………....
3. Mind Mapping………………………………………...……………………...
4. Empathy Mapping Canvas…………………………………………………..
5. Ideation Canvas………………………………………………………………
5.1 People……………………………………………….……………………
5.2 Activities…………………………………………………………………
5.3 Situation/ Context/ Location…………………………..…………………
5.4 Props/Possible solutions…………………………………………………
6. Product Development Canvas…………………………….…………………
6.1 Purpose………………………………………………...…………………
6.2 People……………………………………………….……………………
6.3 Product Experience…………………………………………..…………..
6.4 Product Functions……………………………………………………..…
6.5 Product Features…………………………………………………………
6.6 Components………………………………………………………………
6.7 Customers Revalidation………………………………………………….
6.8 Reject/ Redesign/ Retain……………………………………………...…
7. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………
8. Reference……………………………………………………………………..

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 List of Main Fig:

SR NO. FIGURES PAGE

1.1 Circuit Diagram of Inverter 08

2.1 AEIOU Canvas 11

3.0 Mind Mapping Canvas 13

4.0 Empathy Mapping Canvas 15

5.0 Ideation Canvas 17

6.0 Product Development Canvas 19

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1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction about project:

Generating and transporting AC current is relatively easy. Thus, office and

home outlets are always AC. But, most electronic devices run on DC current.
As a result, we need to somehow be able to convert the AC to constant DC so
that these devices can use the DC current.

Some devices that use DC currents are:

1) Refrigerator,
2) Laptop,
3) Television etc.
The objective of this project is to build a converter which can convert the AC
input signal from a standard voltage source (220V, 50Hz) to a DC output signal
in the range of 5 to 20 volts.
Review of existing similar system

The 220-240V AC mains supply is down-converted to 9V AC by transformer

T1. The transformer output is rectified by BR1 and the positive DC supply is
directly connected to the charger’s output contact, while the negative terminal
is connected through current limiting resistor R2. D2 works as a power indicator
with R1 serving as the current limiter and D3 indicates the charging status.
During the charging period, about 3 volts drop occurs across R2, which turns
on D3 through R3.

An external DC supply source (for instance, from a vehicle battery) can also be
used to energies the charger, where R4, after polarity protection diode D5,
limits the input current to a safe value. The 3-terminal positive voltage regulator
LM7806 (IC1) provides a constant voltage output of 7.8V DC since D1
connected between the common terminal (pin 2) and ground rail of IC1 raises
the output voltage to 7.8V DC. D1 also serves as a power indicator for the
external DC supply. After constructing the circuit on a veroboard, enclose it in
a suitable cabinet. A small heat sink is recommended for IC1.

As mentioned in the project file, we cannot use ICs to build our project. Using
complete analogue circuits may not give us the complete expected result we
want to get. But we can get a very similar output.The Circuit Diagram is

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 showen

Fig 1.1 Circuit Diagram of Inverter 220v- 12v

Components:

a. Transformer[2]:
This is a step down transformer that converts 220 V A.C into 12 V A.C. A
maximum current of 1200mA can flow through it and it works on a frequency of
50 Hz and it is easily available in market in low cost. It is not a center tap
transformer and it is easy to connect it into the circuits to get actual and desired
Results, as required.

The relation between number of turns and voltages of input and output coils is:

Vs/Vp =Ns/Np
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We have Vs= 12 Vrms and Vp= 220 Vrms
Then
Ns/Np=.054
The principle of the transformer is mutual induction. [2] The output of the
transformer is pure 12 V A.C in this project.

b. Bridge Rectifier:
The rectification is conversion of A.C into D.C with the help of Diodes. There
are two types of rectifications
a. Half wave rectification
b. Full wave rectification
We use Full wave rectification by using bridge rectifier. This rectifier
consists of four diodes (D1, D2, D3, and D4) connecting each other as shown
in figure:

The advantage of bridge rectifier over two diode rectifier is that:

1. Peak inverse voltage of bridge rectifier is very low as compared to the two
diode rectifier.
2. Power dissipation of bridge rectifier is lower.
3. The output of bridge rectifier is very efficient than two diode rectifier.

Due to these advantages we have used bridge rectifier in our circuit.

Principle of bridge rectifier is based on wheat stone bridge. The output of bridge
rectifier is pure D.C (+12 v). That can be shown by connecting a resistance at
its output terminals. This D.C output has ripples which are not a pure D.C
(Figure.3). These ripples can be removed by connecting a capacitor which acts
as a filter.

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c. Transistor as a switch[3]:
The transistor, having a Zener diode at its base is used in this circuit as a switch.
The transistor works in an active region that is its base-emitter junction is in
forward bias and collector-base junction in reverse bias. The transistor used in
our circuit is shown in the figure:

d. Battery:
We have used Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) rechargeable cells in this project
instead of a 12 V battery as it is very cheap. Each cell has 1.2 Volts so we have
added 10 cells in series to make 12 V storage.

V= V1+V2+V3+V4+V5+V6+V7+V8+V9+V10
V= 1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2+1.2
V=12 volts

e. Load:
The loads connected in the circuit can have resistance greater than 10 Ω. As
our transformer has maximum current rating of 1200mA and our Voltage is 12
V so by Ωs law:

R=V/I
R=12/1200m
R=10 Ω

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 Observations
1.2 Observation through AEIOU:

FIG. 2.1 AEIOU Canvas

Activity:
− Charging batteries
− Computers smps
− Printers smps
− Military
− Robots
− Xerox machines smps
Enviroment:
− Hot temperta
− noisy in machine parts
− vibration in machine parts
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 − brightness in day time
− smoke will be there

Interaction:
− Student to Teachers
− Teachers to Parents
− Technician to engineers
− Owner to labour
− Officer to engineer

Object:
− Computer’s smps
− Battery charger
− 12 V dc machines

− 12 V bulb

− Traffic light,signals,etc.

− Wifi smps

− Electonic system which works on 12 v dc supply

Users:

− Industrial workers

− College students

− Teachers

− Military people

− Automobile station

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 3. Mind Mapping:

FIG. 3.0 Mind Mapping Canvas

Mind mappind canvas shows deep use of converter 220V AC to 12V DC supply.The

main place, where it is used mostly are as follows,

-Public transporation ;- In street light,signals,toll gate,camera,etc it is used.

-Railways ;- In display(showing info. Of trains),ticket counters,street light,digital

automatics machine,etc.it is used.

-Indian military ;- In missile launching vehicles,air crafts,security alarm,radar

equipments,computers,street light,siren,etc.it is used.

-Hospitals ;- In Elivators,x-rays machines ,ECG machine,cash counter,cardio

machines ,etc. it is used.

-Automobiles service stations ;-

In car batterychargers,truck,autorickshaw,cranes,aeroplanes,bike,JCB,etc. it is used.

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-Research and developments;

In electronic digital machine smps,sensors,experimental machine smps,computers

smps,camera smps,automobiles battery charger,automatics controll system,etc. it is

used.

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4. Empathy Mapping Canvas:

FIG. 4.0 Empathy Mapping Canvas

Users:
− Students,teachers
− Technicians, engineers,drivers
− Common people
− Railways ,military ,hospitals ,etc.

Stakeholder:
− Parents,students,teachers
− Vendors ,shopkeepers,marketting companies
− Hospitals staff,company staff,etc.
− Operators ,employees,etc.

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Activities:
− Charging batteries
− Robot charger
− Electronic digital equipments
− R&D purposes
− Dc machines
− Computer smps,printer smps
Story Boarding:

Happy:
− Customer or say user are using it very conviently,it is easy to use ,it is durable
too,compacked so that no large space is required.

Happy:
− Customer or user can easy buy it ,it is easily avaliable in local market,it is
reliable,having simple function in operation,cheaper.

Sad:
− Once it get damaged by some reasons,it will not easily repaired.

Sad:
− It is not recycled.

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5. Ideation canvas:

FIG. 5.0 Ideation Canvas

5.1 People:
− Teachers,students,parents
− Technicians,engineers
− Owner,labour
− Docters,officers
− Employees
− Drivers

5.2 Activities:
− Charging battery
− Teacher teaching

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 − Parents give information to children
− Electronis equipments required smps circuit
− Radar equipmemts also required 12 v dc supply

5.3 Situation/ Context/ Location

− School
− Industries
− Hospitals
− Military campus
− Research and development sector

5.4 Props/ Possible solution

− 9V DC and 5V DC is can be carried out by 12 V output of inverter by modifing

the circuit.

− Many operations can be done at single time ,by parralelling the output .

− Same idea of circuit is use for large conversions e.g 1kv-110v.

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6. Product Development Canvas:

FIG. 6.0 Product Development Canvas

6.1 Purpose
− Many operations should be done
− Portable equipment for charging batteries
− To start any electronic equipment which required 12 v dc

6.2 People
− Students,teachers,parents
− Technicians,Engineers
− Common people

− Employees
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 − Customer

− Officers,Doctors

6.3 Product Experience

− Time saving
− Low cost
− Compacted in sizes
− Easy to use
− Eco-friendly

6.4 Product Functions

− simple system
− Easily operation
− Use for multi purpose work

6.5 Product Features

− Enhance & fast system
− Durable
− Efficient
− Easy to use

6.6 Components
− Step down transformer(220V-12V)
− Inductors
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 − Capacitors
− Plug-3 pin
− UJT-BJT
− Resistors
− Led light
− Mosfet
− wire
− Body frame

6.7 Customer Revalidation

− Capacitor may get damage because of over heating

6.8 Reject/ Redesign/ Retain

− Supply problem
− Circuit manufacturing defect

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7. Conclusion:

-This project helpful in saving valuable time,of all above concern

people by simple use,cheaper,multi- operational.

8. References:

1. https://www.iosrjournals.org

2. https://www.academia.edu

3. https://core.ac.uk

4. https://www.electronichub.org/rfid-based-attandance-

system/?amp

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