Trig, Geometry and Complex Numbers

INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
Mathematics: analysis and approaches
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.9]

MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Compiled by Christos Nikolaidis
O. Practice questions
1. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

(a) Sketch the graph of the function f ( x )  sin 4 x , 0  x  π
[4]
(b) Sketch the graph of the function g ( x )  sin( x) , 0  x  4
[4]
(c) Based on the graphs, solve the following equations
sin 4 x  1 , 0  x  π
sin( x )  1 , 0  x  4
[4]
Page 1
[MAA 3.9] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

π π
Sketch the graphs of the function f ( x )  sin 4 x ,  x
2 2

The diagram shown part of the graph of y  sin x .
1
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of y  cosec x  . [4]
sin x
(b) Write down the domain and the range of y  cosec x . [2]
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Page 2

π π
The graph of f ( x )  sin x ,   x  is shown below.
2 2
On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arcsin x

The graph of f ( x )  cos x , 0  x  π is shown below.
On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arccos x
Page 3

π π
The graph of f ( x )  tan x ,   x  is shown below.
2 2
On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arctan x

By sketching an appropriate right-angles triangle, or otherwise, find the values of
2 2 2
(i) sin(arcsin ) , (ii) tan(arcsin ) , (ii) cos(2 arcsin ) . [2+3+4]
3 3 3
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Page 4

(a) Write down the domain and the range of the function f ( x)  arctan x . [2]
(b) Find the values of
1 1
A  arctan  arctan , B  arctan 2  arctan 3
3 2
1 2 3
C  arctan  arctan 2 , D  arctan  arctan [16]
3 3 2
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Page 5
A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

(a) Sketch the curve f ( x)  1  3sin(2 x) , for 0  x  π . Write down on the graph the
values of the x and y intercepts. [4]
(b) By adding one suitable line to your sketch, find the number of solutions to the
equation π f ( x)  4(π  x) . [3]
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Page 6

(a) Sketch the graph of y  cos(4 x ) , in the interval 0  x  π . [3]
(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of y  sec(4 x ) , for 0  x  π ,

indicating clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [3]
(c) Use your sketch to solve
(i) the equation sec(4 x )  1 , for 0  x  π .
(ii) the inequality sec(4 x )  0 , for 0  x  π . [4]
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Page 7

Consider the function f ( x)  csc(π x ) .
(a) Sketch the graph of y  sin(π x ) , in the interval 0  x  4 . [3]

(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of y  f (x ) , for 0  x  4 , by indicating
clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [4]
(c) Solve the equation f ( x )  1 , for 0  x  4 . [2]
(d) Write down the number of solutions of the equation f ( x )  2 , for 0  x  4 . [1]
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Page 8

The diagram below shows the boundary of the cross-section of a water channel.
 πx 
The equation that represents this boundary is y  16 sec    32 , where x and y are
 36 
both measured in cm . The top of the channel is level with the ground and has a width
of 24 cm . The maximum depth of the channel is 16 cm .
Find the width of the water surface in the channel when the water depth is 10 cm . Give
your answer in the form a arccos b where a, b  ℝ
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Page 9

Solve the equation cos(2 arcsin x)  0.68
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Solve the equation arctan x  arctan 2 x  arctan 2
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Page 10
15. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

1
Let f ( x )  x arccos x  x for  1  x  1 and g ( x)  cos 2 x for  1  x  1 .
2
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f and of g . [3]
(b) Write down the solution of the equation f ( x)  g ( x) . [1]

(c) Write down the range of g . [2]
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A system of equations is given by
cos x  cos y  1.2 sin x  sin y  1.4
(a) For each equations express y in terms of x . [3]
(b) Hence solve the system for 0  x  π , 0  y  π . [3]
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Page 11
B. Exam style questions (LONG)

A television screen, BC , of height one metre, is built into the wall. The bottom of the
television screen at B is one metre above an observer’s eye level. The angles of
ˆ , AOB
elevation ( AOC ˆ ) from the observer’s eye at O to the top and bottom of the
television screen are  and  radians respectively. The horizontal distance from the
observer’s eye to the wall containing the television screen is x metres. The observer’s
ˆ ) is  radians, as shown below.
angle of vision ( BOC
2 1
(a) Show that   arctan  arctan . [4]
x x
ax
(b) Express  in the form   arctan , where a, b  R . [3]
x b
2
(c) Find the maximum value of angle  , and the value of x where this max occurs. [2]
(d) Find where the observer should stand so that the angle of vision is 15o. [3]
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Page 12

The function f is defined by f ( x )  cosec x  tan 2 x .
π π
(a) By observing the graph of f for   x  , state
2 2
(i) the x -intercepts;
(ii) the equations of the asymptotes;
(iii) the coordinates of the maximum and minimum points. [6]
(b) Show that the roots of f ( x )  0 satisfy the equation
2 cos 3 x  2 cos 2 x  2 cos x  1  0 [5]
(c) Show that f ( π  x )  f ( π  x)  0 [4]
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Page 13

(a) Sketch the curve f ( x )  sin 2 x , 0  x  π . [2]
(b) Hence sketch ton a separate diagram the graph of g ( x )  cosec 2 x , 0  x  π ,

clearly stating the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points and the
equations of any asymptotes. [5]
(c) Show that tan x  cot x  2 cosec 2 x . [3]

(d) Hence or otherwise, find the coordinates of the local maximum and local minimum
π
points on the graph of y  tan 2 x  cot 2 x , 0  x  . [5]
2
π
(e) Find the solution of the equation cosec 2 x  1.5 tan x  0.5 , 0  x  . [6]
2
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Page 14
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Page 15
20*. [Maximum mark: 11] [with GDC]

1
Consider the function C ( x)  cos x  cos 2 x for 2π  x  2π . By observing the graph
2
of the function in the given domain
(a) State its period T and prove that the function C ( x ) is periodic with period T , that
is C ( x  T )  C ( x ) [3]
(b) For what values of x , 2π  x  2π , is C ( x ) a maximum? [2]
(c) Let x  x0 be the smallest positive value of x for which C ( x)  0 . Find an
approximate value of x0 which is correct to two significant figures. [2]
(d) (i) Prove that C ( x)  C (  x) for all x .
(ii) Let x  x1 be that value of x, π  x  2π , for which C ( x)  0 . Find the value
of x1 in terms of x0 . [4]
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Page 16
21*. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]
The function f is defined by f ( x)  cos x  3 sin x . This function may also be

π
expressed in the form R cos( x   ) where R  0 and 0  a  .
2
(a) By expanding R cos( x   ) and comparing with the original form of f , find the
exact value of R and of  . [5]

(b) State the period of the of the function f . [1]
(c) Find the range of the function f . [2]

 π
(d) Find the exact value of x in 0,  satisfying the equation f ( x )  2. [4]
 2
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Page 17

(a) Show that cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )  2 cos A cos B . [2]
(b) Let Tn ( x )  cos(n arccos x ) where x is a real number, x  [ 1,1] and n is a
positive integer.
(i) Find T1 ( x ) .
(ii) Show that T2 ( x)  2 x 2  1 . [5]
(c) (i) Use the result in part (a) to show that Tn 1 ( x )  Tn 1 ( x )  2 xTn ( x )
(ii) Prove by mathematical induction that Tn ( x ) is a polynomial of degree n . [12]
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Page 18
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.8]

MORE TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITES AND EQUATIONS
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

3
It is given that cos    where 90    180 . Use the following triangle,
5
θ
3
and the fact that  is in the 2nd quadrant to find sin  , tan  , cot  , sec  , co sec  . [6]
[Notice: Don’t bother for the sign (–) on the diagram. Find the absolute values first,
using the triangle, and then decide if it is + or – according to the quadrant]
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Page 1
[MAA 3.8] MORE TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITES AND EQUATIONS

It is given that tan   3 where  is an angle in the first quadrant.
(a) Use an appropriate Pythagorean trigonometric identity to find sec  . [3]
(b) Hence find cos  , sin  . [3]
(c) Sketch a right-angled triangle to represent tan   3 and hence find
sin  , cos  , cot  , sec  , co sec  . [6]
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Page 2
6 2
(a) Show that sin 15 o  by using the trigonometric identity for sin( A  B ) . [3]
4
(b) Find a similar expression for cos15o . [3]
3 1
(c) Show that tan15o =
3 1
(i) using the results above (ii) using the identity for tan( A  B ) [5]
(d) Express tan15o in the form a  b , where a and b are integers. [3]
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Page 3

In the diagram below, AD is perpendicular to BC, CD = 4, BD = 2 and AD = 3
CȂD = α and BȂD = β.
(a) Find the exact value of cos(   )

(i) by using the cosine rule in triangle ABC.
(ii) by using the compound angle identity for cos(   ) [8]
(b) Find the exact value of sin(   ) . [4]
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Page 4
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Find the general solutions (in radians) of the equations
sec x  2
cosec x  2
cot x  3

Solve the equation sec 2 x  2 , 0  x  2π
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Page 5

π π
It is given that x satisfies the equation sin( x  )  2 cos( x  ) .
3 6
(a) Find the values of tan x and cot x . [5]
(b) Find the possible values of cos x . [3]
π π
(c) Solve the equation sin( x  )  2 cos( x  ) for  π  x  π . [4]
3 6
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Page 6

(a) Solve the equation sin 5 x  sin 3 x , 0  x  π . [6]
(b) Explain why sin(  x )   sin x [1]
(c) Hence, solve the equation sin 5 x  sin 3 x  0 , 0  x  π . [5]
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Page 7

(a) Solve the equation cos 5 x  cos 3 x , 0  x  π . [6]
(b) Explain why cos(π  x )   cos x [1]
(c) Hence, solve the equation cos 5 x  cos 3 x  0 , 0  x  π . [5]
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Page 8

(a) Solve the equation tan 5 x  tan 3 x , 0  x  π . [4]
(b) Explain why tan(  x )   tan x [1]
π
(c) Hence, solve the equation tan 5 x  tan 3 x  0 , 0  x  . [4]
2
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Page 9

Solve the equations
(a) cos 5 x  sin 3 x , 0 x π. [6]
(b) cos 5 x  sin 3 x  0 , 0  x  π . [6]
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Page 10

In the diagram below, AD is perpendicular to BC, CD = 4, BD = 2 and AD = 3
CȂD = α and BȂD = β.
(a) Find the exact value of sin(2  ) [4]
(b) Find the exact value of cos(   ) . [5]
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Page 11

Let ABC be the right-angled triangle, where Ĉ = 90. The line (AD) bisects BȂC, BD = 3
and DC = 2, as shown in the diagram. Let DȂC
(a) Find the exact value of tan DȂC. [6]

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find DȂC. [1]
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Page 12

(a) Use the formula for cos( A  B ) to show that
4 cos( x  30) cos( x  60)  3  2 sin 2 x [5]
(b) Hence find the exact value of cos(75) cos(105) [3]
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Page 13

(a) Show that
 π  π 3  2 sin 2 x
cos  x   cos  x    [5]
 6  3 4
(b) Hence solve the equation
 π  π
4 cos  x   cos  x    3  1 , 0  x  2π [5]
 6  3
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Page 14
Let Aˆ , Bˆ , Cˆ be the angles of a triangle. Use the fact Aˆ  Bˆ  Cˆ  180 o to show that
tan Aˆ  tan Bˆ  tan Cˆ  tan Aˆ tan Bˆ tan Cˆ .
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Solve the equation 3cosec2 x  4 , 0  x  2π
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Page 15

Solve the equation cos 3 x  cos(0.5 x ) , for 0  x  π .
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x
Solve the equation sin x  sin , for 0  x  4π .
3
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Page 16

Solve the equation cos(2 x  15)  cos x , for 0  x  360 .
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 π
Solve the equation tan  3πx    tan  πx  , for 0  x  2 .
 4
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Page 17

The angle  satisfies the equation 2 tan 2   5sec   10  0 , where  is in the second
quadrant. Find the exact value of sec  .
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The angle  satisfies the equation tan   cot   3 .
(a) Find all the possible values of tan 
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find all the possible values of  in [0°, 90°].
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Page 18

π
Solve the equation tan x  cot x  2 , 0  x 
2
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π
Solve the equation tan x  cot x  4 , 0  x 
2
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Page 19

(a) Using the formula for cos( A  B ) and suitable double angle identities, prove the
following triple angle identity
cos 3  4 cos 3   3 cos  , [4]
(b) Find a similar expression for sin 3 in terms of sin  only. [5]
3 tan   tan 3 
(c) Show that tan 3  [5]
1  3 tan 2 
(d) Find an expression for cos 5 in terms of sin  and cos  . [5]
cos 5
(e) Hence show that  16 sin 4   12sin 2   1 [3]
cos 
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Page 20
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Page 21

(a) Show that cos 3  4 cos 3   3cos  [4]
(b) Solve the equation 4 cos3   3cos   1  0 , for 0    2π [5]
(c) Consider the equation cos 3  11 cos 2 

(i) Find the three values of cos  that satisfy the equation
π π
(ii) Hence, solve the equation for    . [6]
2 2
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Page 22
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Page 23
INDUCTION
Please look at also the TRIGONOMETRY section from the EXERCISES
[MAA 1.9] MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
Page 24
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.7]

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

The following diagram shows part of the graph of y  sin x
(a) On the same diagram sketch the graphs of the functions

(i) f ( x)  sin x  2 (ii) g ( x)  sin x  2 [4]
(b) Complete the following table.
Function Amplitude Period Central axis Range
y  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  sin x  2
g ( x)  sin x  2
[4]
(c) Write down the equation of the central axis for the function f ( x)  sin x  c . [1]
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Page 1
[MAA 3.7] TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

The following diagram shows part of the graph of y  sin x
(a) On the same diagram sketch the graph of the function f ( x)  3sin x . [2]
(b) Complete the following table.

y  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  3sin x
[2]
(c) Write down the amplitude for the function f ( x)  3sin x . [1]
(d) Write down the amplitude for the function f ( x)  a sin x . [1]
(e) For the function f ( x)  a sin x  c , write down
(i) the amplitude (ii) the equation of the central axis. [2]
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Page 2

The following diagrams show part of the graph of y  sin x .
(a) On the diagram below sketch the graph of the function f ( x)  sin 2 x .
[2]
x
(b) On the diagram below sketch the graph of the function f ( x)  sin .
2
[2]
(c) Complete the following table.
y  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  sin 2 x
x
g ( x)  sin
2
[4]
(d) Write down the period for the function f ( x)  sin bx . [1]
(e) For the function f ( x)  a sin bx  c , write down
(i) the amplitude (ii) the equation of the central axis. (iii) the period. [3]
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Page 3

Let f ( x)  3sin 2 x  4 , 0  x  2π
(a) Complete the table
f ( x)
[4]
(b) On the diagram below, draw the graph of the function f .
[4]
Let f ( x)  3sin πx  4 , 0  x  4
(a) Complete the table
f ( x)
[4]
(b) On the diagram below, draw the graph of the function f .
[4]
Page 4

(a) For the function f ( x)  a cos bx  c , where a  0 , complete the table below.

f ( x)
[4]
(b) For the function f ( x)  a tan bx  c , complete the table below.
Function Period Central axis Range

f ( x)
[3]

Complete the following table

f ( x)  sin x 1 2π y0 1  y  1
f ( x)  cos x
f ( x)  sin x  1
f ( x)  sin x  1
f ( x)  5 sin x
f ( x)  7 sin x
f ( x)  sin 4 x
f ( x)   cos 4 x
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x  10
f ( x)  3 sin 4 x  2
f ( x)  5 sin 3 x
f ( x)  5 sin x  10
f ( x)  tan x π y0 yR
f ( x)  tan 4 x
f ( x)  5 tan 4 x  10
Page 5

Part of the graph of a trigonometric function f ( x) is given below. There is a local
maximum at (π/8,180) and a local minimum at (3π/8,20).
(a) Write down the values of

(i) the amplitude (ii) the central value (iii) the period [3]
(b) Express the function in the form f ( x)  A sin Bx  C [3]
(c) Complete the following table by expressing f (x) in three alternative forms [6]
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f ( x)  80 sin B ( x  D)  C
f ( x)  80 cosB ( x  D )  C
f ( x)  80 cosB( x  D )   C
Page 6

Sketch the graph of the function
f ( x)  60 sin 4 x  100 , 0  x  π

f ( x)  60 cos 4 x  100 , 0  x  π
Page 7

f ( x)  60 sin 4 x  80 , 0  x  π

(a) Sketch the graph of the function
f ( x)  60 cos 4 x  80 , 0  x  π
[5]
(b) Write down the possible values of k if the equation f ( x)  k has
(i) exactly two solution ................................................................
(ii) exactly three solutions ................................................................
(iii) exactly four solutions ................................................................
(iv) no solutions ................................................................ [4]
Page 8

π
The function f is defined by f ( x)  30 sin 3 x cos 3 x , 0  x 
3
(a) Write down an expression for f ( x) in the form a sin 6 x , where a is an integer. [2]
(b) Find the period of f . [2]
(c) Solve f ( x)  0 , giving your answers in terms of π. [3]
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14. [Maximum mark: 4] [with / without GDC]

 π
Let f ( x)  4 sin  3x   . For what values of k will the equation f ( x)  k have no
 2
solutions?
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Page 9

Consider g ( x)  3sin 2 x .
(a) Write down the period of g . [1]
(b) On the diagram below, sketch the curve of g , for 0  x  2π .

y
4
3
2
1
0 x
π π 3π 2π
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4
[3]
(c) Write down the number of solutions to the equation g ( x)  2 , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. [2]
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The graph of a function of the form y  p cos qx is given in the diagram below.
y
40
30
20
10
x
/2 
–10
–20
–30
–40
(a) Write down the value of p . [2]

(b) Calculate the value of q . [2]
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Page 10

Let f ( x)  sin 2 x and g ( x)  sin(0.5 x) .
(a) Write down
(i) the minimum value of the function f
(ii) the period of the function g . [3]
3π
(b) Consider the equation f ( x)  g ( x) . Find the number of solutions, for 0  x  [3]
2
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Part of the graph of y  p  q cos x is shown below. The graph passes through the
points (0, 3) and (π, –1).
Find the value of (i) p; (ii) q.
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Page 11

3x x
Let f ( x)   1 , g ( x)  4 cos    1 . Let h( x)   g f  ( x) .
2 3
(a) Find an expression for h( x) [3]
(b) Write down the period of h . [1]
(c) Write down the range of h . [2]
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The graph of y  p  cos qx  r , for –5 ≤ x ≤ 14, is shown below.
There is a minimum point at (0, –3) and a maximum point at (4, 7).
(a) Find the value of (i) p; (ii) q; (iii) r. [6]
(b) The equation y  k has exactly two solutions. Write down the value of k . [1]
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Page 12

The depth, y metres, of sea water in a bay t hours after midnight may be represented
by the function
 2 
y  a  b cos  t where a , b and k are constants.
 k 
The water is at a maximum depth of 14.3 m at midnight and noon, and is at a minimum
depth of 10.3 m at 06:00 and at 18:00.
Write down the value of (ι) a ; (ιι) b ; (ιιι) k .
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Let f ( x)  a sin b( x  c) . Part of the graph of f is given below.
Given that a , b and c are positive, find the value of a , of b and of c .
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Page 13

 x
The diagram below shows the graph of f ( x)  1  tan   , for −360° ≤ x ≤ 360°.
2
(a) On the same diagram, draw the asymptotes. [2]

(b) Write down
(i) the period of the function;
(ii) the value of f (90) . [2]
(c) Solve f ( x)  0 for −360° ≤ x ≤ 360°. [2]
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Page 14

πx
The graph of y  cos x is transformed into the graph of y  8  2 cos . Find a
6
sequence of simple geometric transformations that does this.
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The graph below represents f ( x )  a sin( x  b)  c , where a,b, and c are constants.
Find values for a, b, and c .
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Page 15

π
The graph below represents f ( x)  3sin( x  )  1 , 2π  x  2π
4

(a) Write down the range of the equation f . [2]
(b) Write down the number of solutions of the equation f ( x)  2 . [1]
(c) Write down the values of k , for which the equation f ( x )  k , for  2π  x  2π ,
(i) has exactly 2 solutions; (ii) has exactly 4 solutions; (iii) has no solutions. [3]
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27*. [Maximum mark: 6] [with / without GDC]

The depth, h(t ) metres, of water at the entrance to a harbor at t hours after midnight
on a particular day is given by h(t )  8  4sin   , 0  t  24

πt
6
(a) Find the maximum depth and the minimum depth of the water . [2]
(b) Find the values of t for which h(t )  8 . [4]
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Page 16
28. [Maximum mark: 4/8] [with / without GDC]
Consider y  sin  x    .
 9
(a) The graph of y intersects the x -axis at point A. Find the x -coordinate of A,
where 0  x  π . [2]
(b) Solve the equation sin  x    = – 1 , for 0  x  2π . [4]

 9 2
[with GDC] [4 marks]
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(**) [without GDC] [8 marks]
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Page 17

π π
Let f ( x)  4 tan 2 x  4sin x ,   x  .
3 3
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of y  f ( x) .
[3]
(b) Solve the equation f ( x)  1 . [2]
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Let f ( x)  6sin πx and g ( x)  6e  x  3 , for 0  x  2 . The graph of f is shown on the
diagram below. There is a maximum value at B (0.5, b).

y
B
x
0 1 2
(a) Write down the value of b . [1]

(b) On the same diagram, sketch the graph of g . [3]
(c) Solve f ( x)  g ( x) , 0.5  x  1.5 . [2]
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Page 18

Let f ( x )  2 sin(3 x  1) and g ( x )  x 2 .
(a) Describe the sequence of transformations from y  sin x to f (x ) . [4]
(b) Solve the inequality f ( x )  g ( x) . [2]
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By observing the graph of the function f ( x )  sin 3 x  sin 6 x , 0  x  2π
(a) Write down the range of the function f . [2]
(b) Write down the number of solutions of the equation f ( x )  0 . [1]
(c) Write down the exact period of the function f . [2]
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33**. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

πx
Consider the functions f ( x )  e 2 x and g ( x)  sin ( x in radians).
2
(a) Find the period of the function f g . [3]
(b) Find the intervals for which ( f g )( x)  4 . [3]
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Page 19

The diagram shows the graph of the function f given by
 
f ( x)  A sin  x   B , for 0  x  5 ,
2 
where A and B are constants, and x is measured in radians.
y (1,3) (5, 3)
(0, 1)
x
0 1 2 3 4 5
(3, –1)
The graph includes the points (1, 3) and (5, 3), which are maximum points of the graph.
(a) Write down the values of f (1) and f (5) . [2]
(b) Show that the period of f is 4. [2]
The point (3, –1) is a minimum point of the graph.

(c) Show that A  2 , and find the value of B . [5]
(d) Solve the equation f ( x)  2 for 0  x  5 . [5]
(e) Consider the equation f ( x)  k , for 0  x  5 .
Write down the possible values of k if the equation has
(i) exactly one solution
(ii) exactly three solutions
(iii) exactly two solutions
(iv) no solutions [4]
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Page 20
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Page 21

The depth y metres of water in a harbour is given by the equation
t
y  10  4sin   .
2
where t is the number of hours after midnight.
(a) Calculate the depth of the water (i) when t  2 ; (ii) at 21:00. [3]
The sketch below shows the depth y , of water, at time t , during one day (24 hours).
y
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
depth (metres)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 t
time (hours)
(b) (i) Write down the maximum depth of water in the harbour.
(ii) Calculate the value of t when the water is first at its maximum depth during
the day. [3]
The harbour gates are closed when the depth of the water is less than seven metres.
An alarm rings when the gates are opened or closed.
(c) (i) How many times does the alarm sound during the day?
(ii) Find the value of t when the alarm sounds first.
(iii) Use the graph to find the length of time during the day when the harbour
gates are closed. Give your answer in hours, to the nearest hour. [7]
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Page 22
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Page 23

A formula for the depth d metres of water in a harbour at a time t hours after midnight is
 
d  P  Q cos  t , 0  t  24,
6 
where P and Q are positive constants. In the following graph the point (6, 8.2) is a
minimum point and the point (12, 14.6) is a maximum point.
d
15 (12, 14.6)
10.
(6, 8.2)
5
0 6 12 18 24 t
(a) Find the value of (i) Q ; (ii) P . [3]

(b) Find the first time in the 24-hour period when the depth of the water is 10 metres. [3]
(c) (i) Use symmetry of the graph to find the next time when the depth d is 10m.
(ii) Hence find the time intervals in the 24-hour period during which the water is
less than 10 metres deep. [4]
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Page 24

The following graph shows the depth of water, y metres, at a point P, during one day.
The time t is given in hours, from midnight to noon.
(a) Use the graph to write down an estimate of the value of t when
(i) the depth of water is minimum;
(ii) the depth of water is maximum;
(iii) the depth of the water is increasing most rapidly. [3]
(b) The depth of water can be modelled by the function y  A cos( B (t  1))  C .
(i) Show that A  8 .
(ii) Write down the value of C .
(iii) Find the value of B . [6]
(c) A sailor knows that he cannot sail past P when the depth of the water is less than
12 m. Calculate the values of t between which he cannot sail past P. [2]
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Page 25

Let f ( x)  3sin x  4 cos x , for 2π  x  2π .
(a) Sketch the graph of f . [3]
(b) Write down
π
(i) the amplitude; (ii) the period; (iii) the x -intercept between  and 0. [3]
2
(c) Hence write f ( x) in the form p sin( qx  r ) . [3]
(d) Write down the x -coordinates of the points where f has a maximum. [2]
(e) Write down the two values of k for which the equation f ( x)  k has exactly two
solutions. [2]
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Page 26

A spring is suspended from the ceiling. It is pulled down and released, and then
oscillates up and down. Its length, l centimetres, is modelled by the function
l  33  5 cos  (720t )  ,
where t is time in seconds after release.
(a) Find the length of the spring after 1 second. [2]
(b) Find the minimum length of the spring. [3]
(c) Find the first time at which the length is 33 cm. [3]
(d) What is the period of the motion? [2]
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Page 27

A Ferris wheel with centre O and a radius of 15 metres is represented in the diagram
π
below. Initially seat A is at ground level. The next seat is B, where AÔB = .
6
(a) Find the length of the arc AB. [2]

(b) Find the area of the sector AOB. [2]
2π
(c) The wheel turns clockwise through an angle of . Find the height of A above the
3
ground. [3]
The height, h metres, of seat A above the ground after t minutes, can be modelled by
the function h(t )   a cos 2t  c .
(d) (i) Find the values of a and c .
(ii) Find the time for a complete turn of the wheel. [5]
The height, h metres, of seat C above the ground after t minutes, can be modelled by
the function
 π
h(t )  15  15 cos  2t  
 4
π
(e) (i) Find the height of seat C when t  .
4
(ii) Find the initial height of seat C.
(iii) Find the time at which seat C first reaches its highest point. [8]
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Page 28
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Page 29

The following diagram represents a large Ferris wheel, with a diameter of 100 metres.
Let P be a point on the wheel. The wheel starts with P at the lowest point, at ground
level. The wheel rotates at a constant rate, in an anticlockwise (counterclockwise)
direction. One revolution takes 20 minutes.
(a) Write down the height of P above ground level after (i) 10 min; (ii) 15 min.
Let h(t ) metres be the height of P above ground level after t minutes. Some values of
h(t ) are given in the table below.

t h(t) t h(t)
0 0.0 3 20.6
1 2.4 4 34.5
2 9.5 5 50.0
(b) (i) Show that h (8) = 90.5. (ii) Find h (21). [4]
(c) Sketch the graph of h , for 0  t  40 . [3]
(d) Given that h can be expressed in the form h(t )  a cos bt  c , find a , b and c . [5]
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Page 30

π
Let f ( x)  5 cos x and g ( x)  0.5 x 2  5 x  8 , for 0  x  9 .
4
(a) On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of f and g . [3]
(b) Consider the graph of f . Write down
(i) the x -intercept that lies between x  0 and x  3 ;
(ii) the period;
(iii) the amplitude. [4]
(c) Consider the graph of g . Write down
(i) the two x -intercepts;
(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry. [3]
(d) Find the x -coordinates of the points of intersection between f and g . [2]
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Page 31

(a) Consider the equation x 2  kx  1  0 . For what values of k does this equation
have two equal roots? [3]
Let f be the function f ( )  2 cos 2  4 cos   3 , for 360  x  360 .
(b) Show that this function may be written as f ( )  4 cos 2   4 cos   1 . [1]
(c) Consider the equation f ( )  0 , for 360  x  360 .
(i) How many distinct values of cos  satisfy this equation?
(ii) Find all values of  which satisfy this equation. [5]
(d) Given that f ( )  c is satisfied by only three values of  , find the value of c . [2]
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Page 32
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.6]

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Complete the following table with the values of sin 1 a and cos 1 a in degrees.
sin 1 1 
1
sin 1    30
2
sin 1  0  
 1
sin 1    
 2
sin 1  1 
cos 1 1 
1
cos 1    60
2
cos 1  0  
 1
cos 1    
 2
sin 1  1 
Page 1
[MAA 3.6] TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Write down the general solutions of the equations below
sin x  a in degrees in radians
first find
  sin 1 a
π
x  30  360 k x  2kπ
1 6
sin x 
2 5π
x  150  360 k x  2kπ
6
2
sin x 
2
3
sin x 
2
π
x  30  360 k x    2kπ
1 6
sin x  
2 5π
x  150  360 k x    2kπ
6
2
sin x  
2
3
sin x  
2
sin x  0
sin x  1
sin x  1
Page 2

cos x  a in degrees in radians
first find
  cos 1 a
π
x  60  360 k x  2kπ
1 3
cos x 
2 π
x  60  360 k x    2kπ
3
2
cos x 
2
3
cos x 
2
2π
x  120  360 k x  2kπ
1 3
cos x  
2 2π
x  120  360 k x    2kπ
3
2
cos x  
2
3
cos x  
2
cos x  0
cos x  1
cos x  1
Page 3

Complete the following table with the values of tan 1 a in degrees.
3
tan 1  3  60
tan 1 1 
1
 3
3 /3 tan 1   
 3 
0
tan 1 0 
 3/3  3
tan 1    
1  3 
tan 1  1 
 3

tan 1  3  
tan x  a in degrees in radians

just find x    kπ
x    180 k
  tan 1 a
π
tan x  3 x  60  180 k x  kπ
3
tan x  1
3
tan x 
3
tan x  0
3
tan x  
3
tan x  1
tan x   3
Page 4

Solve the following equations, within the given domain.
in degrees in radians
180  x  180 π  x  π
1 π 5π
sin x  x  30 , x  150 x , x
2 6 6
2
sin x 
2
3
sin x 
2
1 π 5π
sin x   x  30 , x  150 x , x
2 6 6
2
sin x  
2
3
sin x  
2

180  x  180 π  x  π
1 π π
cos x  x  60 , x  60 x , x
2 3 3
2
cos x 
2
3
cos x 
2
1 2π 2π
cos x   x  120 , x  120 x , x
2 3 3
2
cos x  
2
3
cos x  
2
Page 5

0  x  360 0  x  2π
sin x  0
sin x  1
sin x  1
cos x  0
cos x  1
cos x  1

180  x  180 π  x  π
sin x  0
sin x  1
sin x  1
cos x  0
cos x  1
cos x  1
Page 6

Solve the following equations (in degrees).
1
(a) sin x  , 0  x  720 [5]
2
1
(b) sin 2 x  , 0  x  360 [5]
2
1
(c) sin 3 x  , 0  x  360 [5]
2
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Page 7

Solve the following equations (in radians).
1
(a) sin x  , 0  x  4π [5]
2
1
(b) sin 2 x  , 0  x  2π [5]
2
1
(c) sin 3 x  , 0  x  2π [5]
2
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Page 8

1
(a) cos x  , 0  x  720 [5]
2
1
(b) cos 2 x  , 0  x  360 [5]
2
1
(c) cos 3x  , 0  x  360 [5]
2
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Page 9

1
(a) cos x  , 0  x  4π [5]
2
1
(b) cos 2 x  , 0  x  2π [5]
2
1
(c) cos 3x  , 0  x  2π [5]
2
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Page 10

Write down the solutions of the following equations, within the given domain.
0  x  360 0  x  2π
π 4π
tan x  3 x  60 , x  240 x , x
3 3
tan x  1
3
tan x 
3
tan x  0
3
tan x  
3
tan x  1
tan x   3

180  x  180 π  x  π
π 2π
tan x  3 x  60 , x   120 x , x
3 3
tan x  1
3
tan x 
3
tan x  0
3
tan x  
3
tan x  1
tan x   3
Page 11

(a) tan 2 x  0 , 0  x  180 [4]
(b) tan 3 x  0 , 90  x  90 [4]
(c) tan 3 x  1 , 90  x  90 [4]
(d) tan 3 x  1 , 90  x  90 [4]
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Page 12

(a) tan 2 x  0 , 0 xπ [4]
π π
(b) tan 3 x  0 ,  x [4]
2 2
π π
(c) tan 3 x  1 ,  x [4]
2 2
π π
(d) tan 3 x  1 ,  x [4]
2 2
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Page 13

Solve the equation tan 2 x  3 , for  π  x  π
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Solve the equation 3sin x  3 cos x , for  π  x  π
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Page 14

. Solve the equation, 2sin 2 x  sin x ,
(a) for 0  x  360 (in degrees). [5]
(b) for 0  x  2π (in radians). [5]
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Page 15

Solve the equation 3sin 2 x  cos 2 x . 0  x  180 in three different ways
(a) by transforming to an equivalent expression of the form sin 2 x  a . [5]
(b) by transforming to an equivalent expression of the form cos 2 x  b . [5]
(c) by transforming to an equivalent expression of the form tan 2 x  c . [5]
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Page 16

Solve the equation 2 cos x  sin 2 x , for 0  x  3π .
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Solve the equation 2 cos 2 x  sin 2 x for 0  x  π , giving your answers in terms of π.
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Page 17

π π
Solve 2sin x  tan x , where  x
2 2
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Solve the equation 3 cos x  sin x , for x in the interval 0  x  360 .
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Page 18

π 1
Let f ( x)  3e 2 x sin x  e 2 x cos x , for 0  x   . Given that tan  , solve the
6 3
equation f ( x)  0 .
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 
Solve tan 2 2  1 , in the interval   
2 2
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Page 19
Solve the equation sin 2 x  2 3 cos 2 x , in the interval 0  x  2π .
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(a) Express 2 cos 2 x  sin x in terms of sin x only. [2]
(b) Solve the equation 2 cos 2 x  sin x  2 for x in the interval 0  x  π . [4]
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Page 20

Consider the trigonometric equation 2sin 2 x  1  cos x .
(a) Write this equation in the form f ( x)  0 , where f ( x)  a sin 2 x  b sin x  c ,
and a, b, c  . [2]
(b) Factorize f ( x) [1]
(c) Solve f ( x)  0 for 0  x  360 . [3]
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Page 21

Solve cos 2 x  3cos x  3  cos 2 x  sin 2 x , for 0  x  2 .
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(a) Show that 4  cos 2  5sin   2sin 2   5sin   3 . [2]
(b) Hence, solve the equation 4  cos 2  5sin   0 for 0    2 . [5]
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Page 22

It is given that tan 1 0.6  31 to the nearest degree. Solve the equation
3cos x  5sin x , for x in the interval 0  x  360 ,
writing the solutions to the nearest degree.
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2
Given that sin 1  42 to the nearest degree, solve the equation
3
3sin 2 x  11sin x  6  0 for 0  x  180 .
writing the solutions to the nearest degree.
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Page 23

(a) Write the expression 3sin 2 x  4 cos x in the form a cos 2 x  b cos x  c . [2]
(b) Find the two values of cos x that satisfy the equation 3sin 2 x  4 cos x  4  0 . [2]
(c) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation
3sin 2 x  4 cos x  4  0 , 0  x  90 [2]
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Solve the equations
(a) cos 3 x  cos(0.5 x ) , for 0  x  π . [2]
(b) 3sin 2 x  11sin x  6  0 for 0  x  180 . [2]
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Page 24

Solve the following equations for x in the interval [0, 2π] .
(a) sin 3 x  sin x . [5]
(b) 2 sin 3 x  sin x . [5]
(c) 4 cos3 x  cos x . [5]
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Page 25

Consider the functions f ( x)  cos 2 x  cos x  1 and g ( x)  sin 2 x  sin x , both defined
in the interval 0  x  π .
(a) Find the x -intercepts of f ( x) . [5]
(b) Find the x -intercepts of g ( x) . [4]

(c) Find the points of intersection of the two functions. [6]
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Page 26
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Page 27

Consider the equation 3cos 2 x  sin x  1 .
(a) Write this equation in the form f ( x)  0 , where f ( x)  p sin 2 x  q sin x  r ,
and p, q, r  . [2]
(b) Factorize f ( x) . [3]
(c) Write down the number of solutions of f ( x)  0 , for 0  x  2π . [2]
(d) Find the two solutions in the 3rd and 4th quadrant, that is for π  x  2π [3]
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Page 28
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.5]

SIN, COS, TAN ON THE UNIT CIRCLE – IDENTITIES

Let sin 20  p , and cos 20  q (so that p 2  q 2  1 )
By observing the unit circle
y
1
160o 20o
x
-1 1
200o -20o
-1
express the following in terms of p and/or q
sin160o sin200o
cos160o cos200o
tan160o tan200o
sin340o sin(–20o)
cos340o cos(–20o)
tan340o tan(–20o)
Page 1
[MAA 3.5] SIN, COS, TAN ON THE UNIT CIRCLE – IDENTITIES

Let sin 20  p , and cos 20  q (so that p 2  q 2  1 )
Write down expressions for the following
tan 20o = (in terms of p and q)
sin 40o = (in terms of p and q)
cos 40o = (in terms of p and q)
(in terms of p only)
(in terms of q only)

Given that sin x  p , where x is an acute angle
(a) Find the value of cos x in terms of p ; [2]
(b) Hence, express the following in terms of p :
(i) tan x (ii) cos 2x (iii) sin 2x (iv) tan 2x (v) sin 4x [5]
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Formula Expression in terms of p
tan x
cos 2x
sin 2x
tan 2x
sin 4x
Page 2

Let  be an angle in the first quadrant, i.e. 0    90 .
3
(a) Given that sin   , find (i) cos  (ii) tan  . [5]
4
3
(b) Given that cos   , find (i) sin  (ii) tan  [5]
4
3
(c) Given that tan   , find (i) sin  (ii) cos  [5]
4
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Page 3

Let  be an angle in the second quadrant, i.e. 90    180
3
(a) Given that sin   , find (i) cos  (ii) tan  . [5]
4
1
(b) Given that cos    , find (i) sin  (ii) tan  . [5]
4
(c) Given that tan   4 , find (i) sin  (ii) cos  . [5]
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Page 4

Prove the identities
1  cos 2 sin 2
(a)  tan  . (b)  tan  [3+3]
sin 2 1  cos 2
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Let  be an angle for which cos   sin   a and cos   sin  .
(a) By taking squares on both sides, find the value of sin 2 in terms of a . [3]
(b) Expand (cos   sin  ) 2 and hence find the value of cos   sin  in terms of a . [3]
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Page 5
8**. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

4
Let  be an angle for which cos   sin   .
3
(a) Find sin 2 . [3]
(b) Find cos 4 . [3]
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1
Let  be an angle for which cos   sin   .
2
(a) Find sin 2 . [3]
(b) Find cos 4 . [3]
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Page 6
1 3
Given that sin   , cos    and 0    360 ,
2 2
(a) find the value of  ; [2]
(b) write down the exact value of tan  . [2]
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1
Given that sin x  , where x is an acute angle, find the exact value of
3
(a) cos x ; [3]
(b) cos 2x . [2]
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Page 7

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where AĈB is 90°, AB = 3, AC = 2 and
BÂC is  .
4 5
(a) Show that sin 2  . [3]
9
(b) Find the exact value of cos 2 . [3]
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5
If A is an obtuse angle in a triangle and sin A  , calculate the value of sin 2 A .
13
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Page 8

Let p  sin 40 , q  cos110 . Give your answers to the following in terms of p and/or q
(a) Write down an expression for (i) sin140 ; (ii) cos 70 . [2]
(b) Find an expression for cos140 . [3]
(c) Find an expression for tan140 . [1]
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1 π
(a) Given that cos A  and 0  A  find cos 2 A . [3]
3 2,
2 π
(b) Given that sin B = and  B  π , find cos B . [3]
3 2
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Page 9

3
The straight line with equation y  x makes an acute angle  with the x -axis.
4
(a) Write down the value of tan  [1]
(b) Find the value of (i) sin 2 ; (ii) cos 2 . [6]
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π
Let f ( x)  sin 3 x  cos3 x tan x ,  xπ.
2
(a) Show that f ( x)  sin x . [2]
2 4 5
(b) Let sin x  . Show that f (2 x)   . [5]
3 9
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Page 10

By using the double angle identities for cos 2 ,
2 3
show that sin15 
o
(a) ; [3]
2
o
(b) find a similar expression for cos15 . [3]
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sin 4θ 1 – cos 2θ  π π
Prove that  tan  , for 0    , and   .
cos 2θ 1 – cos 4θ  2 4
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Page 11

Given that 2sin 4 x  3sin 2 x  0 , and sin 2 x  0 , find the value of cos 2 x .
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π
Given that a sin 4 x  b sin 2 x  0 , for 0  x  , find an expression for cos 2 x in terms of
2
a and b .
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Page 12
In triangle ABC, AB = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm, and B̂ is twice the size of Ĉ .
Find the cosine of Ĉ .
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The triangle ABC has an obtuse angle at B, BC = 10, Â = x and B̂ = 2x.
(a) Find AC, in terms of cos x.
(b) Given that the area of triangle ABC is 50 cos x, find angle Ĉ .
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Page 13

Let ABC be the right-angled triangle, where Ĉ = 90. The line (AD) bisects BȂC.
AC = 3 and AD = 5. as shown in the diagram.
6
x
x
5
(a) Write down the value of cos DȂC. [1]

(b) Find cos BȂC. [4]
(c) Hence find AB. [3]
(d) Find sin B . [2]
(d) Find tan BAD . [3]
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Page 14

The area of the triangle shown below is 2.21cm 2 . The length of the shortest side is
x cm and the other two sides are 3 x cm and ( x  3) cm .
x 3x
x+3
(a) Using the formula for the area of the triangle, write down an expression for sin 
in terms of x . [2]
(b) Using the cosine rule, write down an expression for cos  in terms of x [2]
(c) (i) Using your answers to parts (a) and (b), show that,
2 2
 3x 2  2 x  3   4.42 
  1  2 
 2x 2
  3x 
(ii) Hence find
(a) the possible values of x ;
(b) the corresponding values of  , in radians, using your answer to
part (b) above. [6]
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Page 15

(a) Let y  16 x 2  160 x  256 . Given that y has a maximum value, find
(i) the value of x giving the maximum value of y ;
(ii) this maximum value of y .
The triangle XYZ has XZ = 6, YZ = x , XY = z as shown below. The perimeter of

triangle XYZ is 16. [4]
(b) (i) Express z in terms of x .
(ii) Using the cosine rule, express z 2 in terms of x and cos Z .

5 x  16
(iii) Hence, show that cos Z  . [7]
3x
Let the area of triangle XYZ be A .
(c) Show that A2  9 x 2 sin 2 Z . [2]
(d) Hence, show that A2  16 x 2  160 x  256 . [4]

(e) (i) Hence, write down the maximum area for triangle XYZ.
(ii) What type of triangle is the triangle with maximum area? [3]
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Page 16
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Page 17

The diagram below shows a plan for a window in the shape of a trapezium.
Three sides of the window are 2 m long. The angle between the sloping sides of the

window and the base is  , where 0    .
2
(a) Show that the area of the window is given by y  4sin   2sin 2 . [5]
(b) Zoe wants a window to have an area of 5 m2. Find the two possible values of  . [3]
(c) John wants two windows which have the same area A but different values of  .
Find all possible values for A . [2]
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Page 18
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.4]

ARCS AND SECTORS

(a) Express the following angles in radians; give your answer in terms of π .
(i) 20° (ii) 18° (iii) 540° [3]
(b) Express the following angles in degrees

π π
(i) rad (ii) rad (iii) 2.5π rad. [3]
18 5
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Page 1
[MAA 3.4] ARCS AND SECTORS

π
In the diagram below, the point A represents the angle of 30°, or otherwise rad, on
6
the unit circle.
30° or π
6
(a) Complete the table below with the angle values corresponding to the symmetric
points B, C and D,
(i) in degrees within the interval [0, 360]
(ii) in radians within the interval [0, 2π] [6]
A B C D
in degrees 30°
π
in radians
6
11
Suppose now that C represents the angle of 220°, or otherwise rad, in the third
9
quadrant. Let A, B and D be the symmetric points of C on the unit circle, as shown in
the diagram above.
(b) Complete the table below in a similar way as in (a). [6]

A B C D
in degrees 220°
11π
in radians
9
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Page 2

π
In the diagram below, the point A represents the angle of 30°, or otherwise rad, on
6
the unit circle.
π
30° or
6
The general formula for the angles corresponding to point A is
in degrees: 30° + 360°k kZ
in radians:  + 2kπ kZ

6
Determine the values of the angle at point A within the following intervals:
In degrees in radians
2nd period
backwards  720    360 4π    2π
1st period
backwards  360    0 2π    0
π
1st period 0    360 30° 0    2π
6
2nd period 360    720 2π    4π
3rd period 720    1080 4π    6π
[8]
Page 3

The diagram shows a circle center O radius of 10 cm.
A B
The minor sector is shaded while the major sector is unshaded.
(a) ˆ is 1.5 rad, complete the table.

Given that the size of AOB [10]
the minor arc AB

Length
of
the major arc AB
the minor sector

Area
of
the major sector.
the minor sector

Perimeter
of
the major sector
π
(b) Given that the size of AÔB is rad, complete the table. [10]
2
the minor arc AB

Length
of
the major arc AB
the minor sector

Area
of
the major sector.
the minor sector

Perimeter
of
the major sector
Page 4

ˆ is   1.3
The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius r  8 . The angle AOB
radians.
A C
B
O
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB. [2]

(b) Find the area of the sector OACB. [2]
(c) Find the length of the chord AB. [3]
(d) Find the area of the triangle OAB. [2]
(e) Find the area of the shaded segment. [2]
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Page 5

ˆ is  radians.
The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius r . The angle AOB
A
B
O
Find the value of  , in each of the following three cases

(a) Given that the area of the triangle OAB is equal to the shaded area. [4]
(b) Given that ratio of the lengths of the two arcs (minor AB to major AB ) is 1:5. [4]
(c) Given that the ratio of the shaded area to the non-shaded area is 1:5. [5]
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Page 6

The following diagram shows a circle of centre O, and radius 15 cm. The arc ACB
subtends an angle of 2 radians at the centre O.
C
A B
15
cm
2 rad
Diagram not to scale
O
AÔB = 2 radians
OA = 15 cm
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB; [2]

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]
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The diagram shows a circle of radius 5 cm. Find the perimeter of the shaded region.
1 radian
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Page 7

The diagram shows two concentric circles with centre O.
The radius of the smaller circle is 8 cm, the radius of the larger circle is 10 cm. Points A,
π
B and C are on the circumference of the larger circle such that AÔB is radians
3
(a) Find the length of the arc ACB. [2]
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The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm. Points A and B lie on the circle and
angle AOB is 1.8 radians.
(a) Find AB. [3]

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Page 8

O is the centre of the circle which has a radius of 5.4 cm.
A B
The area of the shaded sector OAB is 21.6 cm2. Find the length of the minor arc AB.
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12. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC] [diagram as above]

The diagram (above) shows a circle of centre O, and radius r . The shaded sector OAB
has an area of 27 cm2. Angle AÔB    1.5 radians.

(a) Find the radius r . [4]
(b) Calculate the length of the minor arc AB. [2]
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Page 9

The diagram below shows a circle centre O, with radius r .
2π
The length of arc ABC is 3π cm and AÔC = .
9
(a) Find the value of r . [2]
(b) Find the perimeter of sector OABC. [2]
(c) Find the area of sector OABC. [2]
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Page 10

The following diagram shows a circle with radius r and centre O. The points A, B and C
are on the circle and AÔC =  .
4 2
The area of sector OABC is π, the length of arc ABC is π.
3 3
Find the value of r and of  .
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15. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC] [diagram as above]

The area of the sector OAC is 180 cm2, the length of the arc AC is 24 cm. Find the
value of r and of  .
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Page 11

The diagram below shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 15 cm and centre O. The
angle  at the centre of the circle is 2 radians.
A B
O
(a) Calculate the area of the sector AOB. [2]
(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region. [3]
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The following diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius r cm, and angle  at the
centre. The perimeter of the sector is 20 cm.
20  2r
(a) Show that  = . [2]
r
(b) The area of the sector is 25 cm2. Find the value of r . [4]
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Page 12

The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius OA=5 cm . The angle AOB  135 .
A
B
O
Find the area of the shaded region.
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The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius r . The length of the arc ACB is 2r .
A C
B
O
The area of the shaded segment may be expressed as kr 2 . Find the value of k .
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Page 13

ˆ   ,   0 . The area of
The diagram shows a circle centre O and radius 1 , with AOB
 AOB is three times the shaded area.
(a) Show that 3  4sin  . [4]

(b) Find the value of  . [2]
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ˆ  .
The diagram above [Ex. 20] shows a circle centre O and radius r, with AOB
The ratio of the shaded area to the area of  AOB is 2:5. Show that 5  7 sin  .
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Page 14

In the following diagram, O is the centre of the circle and (AT) is the tangent to the circle
at T.
If OA = 12 cm, and the circle has a radius of 6 cm, find the area of the shaded region.
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Page 15
The diagram below shows a circle of radius 5 cm with centre O. Points A and B are on
the circle, and AÔB is 0.8 radians. The point N is on [OB] such that [AN] is
perpendicular to [OB]..
A
5 cm
0.8
O B
N
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Page 16

The diagrams show a circular sector of radius 10 cm and angle  radians which is
formed into a cone of slant height 10 cm. The vertical height h of the cone is equal to
the radius r of its base.
10cm
10cm
h
(a) Find the value of r. [2]

(b) Find the angle  radians. [4]
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Page 17

The diagram below shows a triangle and two arcs of circles.
The triangle ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle, with AB = AC = 2. The point P is
the midpoint of [BC].
The arc BDC is part of a circle with centre A.
The arc BEC is part of a circle with centre P.
E
B
P
2
A 2 C
(a) Calculate the area of the segment BDCP. [3]

(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region BECD. [3]
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Page 18

The diagram below shows a pair of intersecting circles with centres at P and Q with
radii of 5 cm and 6 cm respectively. RS is the common chord of both circles and PQ
is 7 cm .
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Page 19

Two discs, one of radius 8 cm and one of radius 5 cm, are placed such that they touch
each other. A piece of string is wrapped around the discs. This is shown in the diagram
below.
Calculate the length of the string needed to go around the discs.
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Page 20

A circular disc is cut into twelve sectors whose areas are in an arithmetic sequence.
(a) Explain why the angles of the sectors are also in an arithmetic sequence. [2]
(b) The angle of the largest sector is twice the angle of the smallest sector. Find the
size of the angle of the smallest sector. [5]
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Page 21

The diagram shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 1 and centre O, where AÔB = θ
The lines (AB1), (A1B2), (A2B3) are perpendicular to OB. A1B1, A2B2 are all arcs of
circles with centre O.
A
A1
A2
O B3 B2 B1 B
(a) Calculate, in terms of θ, the sum to infinity of the arc lengths

AB + A1B1 + A2B2 + A3B3 + … [5]
2π
(b) Given that the sum to infinity of the arc lengths is , find the value of θ. [2]
3
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Page 22

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.
diagram not to scale

The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on (OC).
Angle ADC = 0.3 radians and angle AOC = 0.8 radians.
(a) Find AD. [3]
(b) Find OD. [4]
(c) Find the area of sector OABC. [2]
(d) Find the area of region ABCD. [4]
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Page 23

The diagram shows a circle, centre O, with a radius 12cm. The chord AB subtends at
an angle of 75° at the centre. The tangents to the circle at A and at B meet at P.
A
12 cm
P diagram not to
O 75º scale
(a) Using the cosine rule, show that the length of AB is 12 21 – cos 75 . [2]
(b) Find the length of BP. [3]

(c) Hence find (i) the area of triangle OBP; (ii) the area of triangle ABP. [4]
(d) Find the area of sector OAB. [2]
(e) Find the area of the shaded region. [2]
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Page 24

ˆ at the centre
The following diagram shows a circle centre O , radius r . The angle AOB
of the circle is  radians. The chord AB divides the circle into a minor segment (the
shades region) and a major segment.
1 2
(a) Show that the area of the minor segment is r (  sin  ). [3]
2
(b) Given that the ratio of the areas of the two segments is 2:3, show that
4π
sin     . [5]
5
(c) Hence find the value of  . [2]
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Page 25

The following diagram shows two semi-circles. The larger one has centre O and radius
4 cm. The smaller one has centre P, radius 3 cm, and passes through O. The line (OP)
meets the larger semi-circle at S. The semi-circles intersect at Q.
(a) (i) Explain why OPQ is an isosceles triangle.

1
(ii) Use the cosine rule to show that cos OP̂Q = .
9
80
(iii) Hence show that sin OP̂Q = .
9
(iv) Find the area of the triangle OPQ. [7]
(b) Consider the smaller semi-circle, with centre P.
(i) Write down the size of OP̂Q.
(ii) Calculate the area of the sector OPQ. [3]
(c) Consider the larger semi-circle, with centre O. Calculate the area of the sector
QOS. [3]
(d) Hence calculate the area of the shaded region. [4]
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Page 26
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Page 27

The following diagram shows the triangle AOP, where OP = 2cm, AP = 4cm and AO= 3cm
A
diagram not to
scale
O P
(a) Calculate AÔP , giving your answer in radians. [3]
The following diagram shows two circles which intersect at the points A and B. The
smaller circle C1 has centre O and radius 3 cm, the larger circle C2 has centre P and
radius 4 cm, and OP = 2 cm. The point D lies on the circumference of C1 and E on the
circumference of C2. Triangle AOP is the same as triangle AOP in the diagram above.
A
C2
C1
diagram not to
D E O P
scale
(b) Find AÔB , giving your answer in radians. [2]
(c) Show that AP̂B  1.63 radians. [3]

(d) Calculate the area of
(i) sector PAEB;
(ii) sector OADB. [5]
2
(e) Show that the area of the quadrilateral AOBP  5.81 cm . [3]
(f) Find the areas of
(i) AOBE.
(ii) the shaded region AEBD. [4]
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Page 28
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Page 29

The diagram below shows a circle with centre O and radius 8 cm.

The points A, B, C, D, E and F are on the circle, and [AF] is a diameter. The length of
arc ABC is 6 cm.
(a) Find the size of angle AOC. [2]
(b) Hence find the area of the shaded region. [6]
The area of sector OCDE is 45 cm2.

(c) Find the size of angle COE. [2]
(d) Find EF. [5]
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Page 30
MAA
EXERCISES [MAA 3.1-3.3]

3D GEOMETRY – TRIANGLES
3D GEOMETRY

Let A(2,-3,5) and B(-1,1,5). Find
(a) the distance between A and B. [2]
(b) the distance between O and B. [1]
(c) the coordinates of the midpoint M of the line segment [AB]. [2]
(d) the coordinates of point C given that B is the midpoint of [AC]. [2]
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Page 1
[MAA 3.1-3.3] 3D GEOMETRY – TRIANGLES
Complete the table
Solid Volume Surface area
cuboid
3
5
cylinder
4
(diameter)
cone
6
(diameter)
sphere
radius = 3
for each shape [1+3]
Page 2

For a right pyramid of square base of side 8 and vertical height 3 find
(a) the volume [2]
(b) the surface area [5]
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Page 3
TRIANGLES

Consider the following right-angled triangle, where Â = 90o
5 4
B 3 A
(a) Complete the tables
sin B̂ sin Cˆ
cos B̂ cos Cˆ
tan B̂ tan Cˆ
[6]
(b) Confirm that the sine rule holds. (It is known that sin Aˆ  1 )
a 5 b c
 5  
ˆ
sin A 1 sin Bˆ sin Cˆ
[2]
(c) Confirm that all three versions of the cosine rule hold.
(the first version is given below; it is known that cos Aˆ  0 )
LHS RHS
5 2
3  4  2(3)(4) cos Aˆ  9  16  0  25
2 2
32
42
[4]
(d) Find the area of the triangle, by using all the three versions of the formula
1
Area  ab sin Cˆ (the first version is given below)
2
1
Area =  3  4  sin Aˆ  6
2
Area =
Area =
[2]
Page 4

Use the cosine rule to find the size of the side a .
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(a) Use the cosine rule to find the cosine of the angle A. [4]
(b) Hence find the size of the angle A. [1]
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Page 5

Use the sine rule to find the size of the side a .
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(a) Use the sine rule to find the sine of the angle A. [4]
(b) Hence find the two possible values of the angle A. [2]
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Page 6

Point A is at the center of the following diagram.
Bill and Chris and Dianna are located at point A and start moving,
Bill to the NE at point B
Chris to the South at point C
Dianna to the West at point D
(a) Write down the size of angle BAC. [1]
(b) Write down the bearing of the course of each person. [3]
(c) Find the bearing of the course from B to A. [2]
(d) Given that AB = 2 km and AC is 3km, Find the distance between B and C. [3]
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Page 7

Consider the following cuboid of dimensions 534, as shown.
E
4
C
3
A 5 B
(a) Find the length AC. [3]

(b) Find the length AD. [3]
(c) Find the angle of elevation from A to E. [3]
(d) Find the angle of elevation from A to D. [3]
(e) Find the angle of depression from E to A. [2]
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Page 8

In each of the following triangles one of the angles has size 40o, two of the sides have
lengths 5 and 7 respectively.
(a) For the following triangle
(i) Find the area of the triangle

(ii) Find BC
(iii) Find the size of B̂ and hence the size of Ĉ . [7]
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Page 9
(b) For the following triangle
find the size of B̂ and hence the size of Â . [5]
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(c) For each of the following triangles (ambiguous case)
find the size of Ĉ and hence the size of Â . [6]
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Page 10
(d) For the following triangle
(i) Use the cosine rule to directly find the side BC.
(ii) Hence find the area of the triangle. [5]
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(e) For the following triangles (ambiguous case)
(i) Use the cosine rule to directly find the side BC of each triangle.
(ii) Hence find the area of each triangle. [7]
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Page 11

The following diagram shows triangle ABC.

AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and AB̂C = 120°.
(a) Find AC. [3]

(b) Find BÂC . [3]
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A triangle has sides of length 4, 5, 7 units. Find, to the nearest tenth of a degree, the
size of the largest angle.
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Page 12

The following diagram shows a triangle with sides 5 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm.
5 7
(a) Find the size of the smallest angle, in degrees; [2]

(b) Find the area of the triangle. [2]
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In the triangle PQR, PR = 5 cm, QR = 4 cm and PQ = 6 cm. Calculate
(a) the size of PQ̂R ; [4]
(b) the area of triangle PQR. [2]
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Page 13

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC, where BC = 5 cm, B̂ = 60°, Ĉ = 40°.
A
60° 40°
B C
5 cm
(a) Calculate AB. [3]
(b) Find the area of the triangle. [3]
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The diagram below shows triangle PQR. The length of [PQ] is 7 cm, the length of [PR]
is 10 cm, and PQ̂R is 75°.
(a) Find PR̂Q [3]

(b) Find the area of triangle PQR. [3]
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Page 14
In triangle ABC, AC = 5, BC = 7, Â = 48°, as shown in the diagram.

C
5 7 diagram not to scale
48°
A B
Find B̂, giving your answer correct to the nearest degree.
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The diagrams below show two triangles both satisfying the conditions
AB = 20 cm, AC = 17 cm, AB̂C = 50°.
Triangle 1 Triangle 2
A A
Diagrams not to scale
B C B C
Calculate
(a) the size of AĈB in Triangle 2. [2]
(b) the area of Triangle 1. [2]
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Page 15

Town A is 48 km from town B and 32 km from town C as shown in the diagram.
C
32km
A
48km B
Given that town B is 56 km from town C, find the size of angle CÂB to the nearest
degree.
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Two boats A and B start moving from the same point P. Boat A moves in a straight line
at 20 km h–1 and boat B moves in a straight line at 32 km h–1. The angle between their
paths is 70°. Find the distance between the boats after 2.5 hours.
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Page 16

The following diagram shows the triangle ABC.

The angle at C is obtuse, AC = 5 cm, BC = 13.6 cm and the area is 20 cm2.
(a) Find AĈB . [3]
(b) Find AB. [3]
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In a triangle ABC, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3 cm and the area of the triangle is 4.5 cm2.
Find the two possible values of the angle BÂC .
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Page 17

In triangle PQR, PQ is 10 cm, QR is 8 cm and angle PQR is acute. The area of the
triangle is 20 cm2. Find the size of angle PQ̂R.
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There is a vertical tower TA of height 36 m at the base A of a hill. A straight path goes
up the hill from A to a point U. This information is represented by the following diagram.
The path makes a 4° angle with the horizontal.

The point U on the path is 25 m away from the base of the tower.
The top of the tower is fixed to U by a wire of length x m.
(a) Complete the diagram, showing clearly all the information above. [3]
(b) Find x . [4]
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Page 18

The diagram below shows a triangle ABD with AB = 13 cm and AD = 6.5 cm.
Let C be a point on the line BD such that BC = AC = 7 cm.
(a) Find the size of angle ACB. [3]

(b) Find the size of angle CAD. [5]
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Page 19

ˆ = 60°
The following diagram shows ABC, where BC = 105 m, AĈB = 40°, ABC
Find the area of the triangle.
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In the triangle ABC, Â = 30°, BC = 3 and AB = 5. Find the two possible values of B̂ .
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Page 20

In the obtuse-angled triangle ABC , AC  10.9 cm , BC  8.71cm and BÂC  50 .
Find the area of triangle ABC .
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Triangle ABC has Cˆ  42 , BC  1.74 cm , and area 1.19 cm 2 .
(a) Find AC . [3]

(b) Find AB . [3]
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Page 21
In the triangle ABC , Aˆ  30 , a  5 and c  7 . Find the difference in area between
the two possible triangles for ABC .
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In a triangle ABC, ABˆ C =30°, AB=6cm , AC= 3 2 cm. Find the possible areas of the
triangle.
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Page 22

ˆ
In a triangle ABC , ABC=30 , AB  6 cm , AC  3 2 cm. Find the possible lengths of
[BC] .
METHOD A: Use Sine rule.
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METHOD B: Use Cosine rule.
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Page 23
In a triangle ABC , Aˆ  35 , BC  4 cm and AC  6.5 cm . Find the possible values of
B̂ and the corresponding values of AB .
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. Triangle ABC has AB  8cm , BC  6 cm , BÂC  20 . Find the smallest possible area
of ΔABC .
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Page 24

ˆ
In triangle ABC , ABC=31 , AC  3cm , BC  5cm . Calculate the possible lengths of
[AB] .
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ˆ  37.8 , AB  8.75 and BC  6 . Find AC .
Consider triangle ABC with BAC
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Page 25

The diagram shows a vertical pole PQ, which is supported by two wires fixed to the
horizontal ground at A and B.
BQ = 40 m
PB̂Q = 36°
BÂQ = 70°
36 B
30 AB̂Q = 30°
Q 70
A
Find
(a) the height of the pole, PQ; [2]
(b) the distance between A and B. [2]
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Page 26

A ship leaves port A on a bearing of 030°. It sails a distance of 25 km to point B.
At B, the ship changes direction to a bearing of 100°. It sails a distance of 40 km to
reach point C. This information is shown in the diagram below.

A second ship leaves port A and sails directly to C.
(a) Find the distance the second ship will travel. [4]
(b) Find the bearing of the course taken by the second ship. [3]
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Page 27

In triangle ABC , BC  a , AC  b , AB  c and [BD] is perpendicular to [AC] .
(a) Show that BD  c sin A . [1]

(b) Show that CD  b  c cos A . [2]
(c) Hence, by using Pythagoras’ Theorem in the triangle BCD , prove the cosine rule
for the triangle ABC . [3]
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ˆ  60 .
In triangle ABC , BC  a , AC  b , AB  c and ABC
1 3
Use the cosine rule to show that c  a  b2  a2 .
2 4
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Page 28

The following three dimensional diagram shows the four points A,B,C and D.
A,B,C are in the same horizontal plane and AD is vertical. The angle ABC is 45o , and
BC = 50m. The angle of elevation from point B to point D is 30o, while the angle of
elevation from point C to point D is 20o.
Using the cosine rule in the triangle ABC, or otherwise, find AD.
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Page 29
The above 3-dimensional diagram shows the points P and Q which are respectively
west and south-west of the base R of a vertical flagpole RS on horizontal ground. The
angles of elevation of the top S of the flagpole from P and Q are respectively 35 and
40 , and PQ  20 m .
Determine the height of the flagpole.
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Page 30
B. Past paper questions (LONG)
44. [Maximum mark: x] [with GDC]

Consider the following diagram
AB  7
AC  5
Aˆ  60
D Dˆ  80
DBˆ C  30
Find
(a) Find the length of the side BD.
(b) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABDC.
(c) Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABDC.
It is given that the bearing from B to D is 70o. Find
(d) Find (i) the bearing from B to A. (ii) Find the bearing from A to B.
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Page 31

The following diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm,
BD = 7.1 cm, AÊD =110°, AD̂E = 52° and AB̂D = 60°.
(a) Find AD. [4]

(b) Find DE. [4]
(c) The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm2. Find DB̂C . [4]
(d) Find AC. [4]
(e) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. [5]
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Page 32

The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD =12,
B Ĉ D = 25°, BÂD = θ.
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that BD = 4 5  4 cos  . [2]

Let θ = 40°.
(b) (i) Find the value of sin C B̂D .
(ii) Find the two possible values for the size of CB̂D .
(iii) Given that C B̂D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD. [12]
(c) Find the area of triangle ABD. [2]
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Page 33

The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD with obtuse angles AB̂C and AD̂C .
AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 4 cm, BÂC = 30°, AB̂C = x°, AD̂C = y°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to show that AC = 41 40 cos x . [1]
(b) Use the sine rule in triangle ABC to find another expression for AC. [2]
(c) (i) Hence, find x, giving your answer to two decimal places.
(ii) Find AC. [6]
(d) (i) Find y.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD. [5]
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Page 34

2
The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which AC  7 , BC  6 , AB̂C  45 .
2
A
Diagram 2
7 2
not to scale
45°
B 6 C
2 6
(a) Use the fact that sin 45 = to show that sin BÂC = . [2]
2 7
6
The point D is on (AB), between A and B, such that sin BD̂C = .
7
(b) (i) Write down the value of BD̂C + BÂC .
(ii) Calculate the angle BCD.
(iii) Find the length of [BD]. [6]
Area of ΔBDC BD
(c) Show that = . [2]
Area of ΔBAC BA
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Page 35

A farmer owns a triangular field ABC. One side of the triangle, [AC], is 104 m, a second
side, [AB], is 65 m and the angle between these two sides is 60°.
(a) Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the third side of the field. [3]
3
(b) Given that sin 60° = , find the area of the field in the form p 3 where pZ. [3]
2
Let D be a point on [BC] such that [AD] bisects the 60° angle. The farmer divides the
field into two parts A1 and A2 by constructing a straight fence [AD] of length x metres, as
shown on the diagram below.
104 m
A2
30°
A D
x
30°
A1
65 m
65x
(c) (i) Show that the area of Al is given by .
4
(ii) Find a similar expression for the area of A2.
(iii) Hence, find the value of x in the form q 3 , where qZ. [7]
(d) (i) Explain why sin AD̂C  sin AD̂B .
BD 5
(ii) Use the result of part (i) and the sine rule to show that  . [5]
DC 8
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Page 36
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Page 37

An office tower is in the shape of a cuboid with a square base. The roof of the tower is
in the shape of a square based right pyramid.
The diagram shows the tower and its roof with dimensions indicated. The diagram is
not drawn to scale.
O
10 m
H G
E F
40 m
D C
A 6m B
(a) Calculate, correct to three significant figures,

(i) the size of the angle between OF and FG; [3]
(ii) the shortest distance from O to FG; [2]
(iii) the total surface area of the four triangular sections of the roof; [3]
(iv) the size of the angle between the slant height of the roof and the plane
EFGH; [2]
(v) the height of the tower from the base to O. [2]
A parrot's nest is perched at a point, P, on the edge, BF, of the tower. A person at the
point A, outside the building, measures the angle of elevation to point P to be 79°.
(b) Find, correct to three significant figures, the height of the nest from the base of
the tower. [2]
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Page 38
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Page 39

In the diagram below, the points O(0, 0) and A(8, 6) are ﬁxed. The angle OP̂A
varies as the point P( x ,10) moves along the horizontal line y  10 .
y
P(x, 10)
y=10
A(8, 6)
O(0, 0) x
Diagram to scale
(a) (i) Show that AP  x 2 – 16 x  80.
(ii) Write down a similar expression for OP in terms of x . [2]
x 2 – 8 x  40
(b) Hence, show that cos OP̂A  , [3]
 {( x 2 – 16 x  80)( x 2  100 )}
(c) Find, in degrees, the angle OP̂A when x  8 . [2]
(d) Find the positive value of x such that OP̂A  60 . [4]
Let the function f be deﬁned by
x 2 – 8 x  40
f ( x)  cos OP̂A  , 0  x  15. [4]
 {( x 2 – 16 x  80)( x 2  100)}
(e) Consider the equation f ( x)  1 .

(i) Explain, in terms of the position of the points O, A, and P, why this
equation has a solution.
(ii) Find the exact solution to the equation. [5]
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Page 40
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Page 41
The points P, Q, R are three markers on level ground, joined by straight paths PQ, QR,
PR as shown in the diagram. QR = 9 km, PQ̂R = 35°, PR̂Q = 25°.
P
35° 25°
Q R
9 km
(a) Find the length PR. [3]
(b) Tom sets out to walk from Q to P at a steady speed of 8 km h–1. At the same time,
Alan sets out to jog from R to P at a steady speed of a km h–1. They reach P at
the same time. Calculate the value of a . [7]
(c) The point S is on [PQ], such that RS = 2QS, as shown in the diagram.
P
S
Q R
Find the length QS. [6]
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Page 42
MAA

COMPLEX NUMBERS (POLAR FORM)
POLAR FORM – DE MOIVRE

Write down the polar form of the following complex numbers
Cartesian form Polar form

x  yi rcis r  cos  i sin   re i 
1
i
8
8i
8i

Write down the Cartesian form of the following complex numbers
Polar form Cartesian form Polar form Cartesian form

π
4cis0 6cis
2
 π
5cisπ 7cis   
 2
Page 1
[MAA 1.13-1.15] COMPLEX NUMBERS (POLAR FORM)

Find the polar form rcis of the complex numbers
z1  1  i , z 2  1  i , z 3  1  i , z4  1  i
and represent them on the complex plane.
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Page 2

Let z  2cis10 and w  6cis20
(a) Express the following results in the polar form rcis
zw
w
z
z
w
z2
z3
z3
w2
[12]
(b) Express zw  z 3 in polar and hence in Cartesian form x  yi . [3]
(c) Find the minimum positive integer n such that z n

(i) is a real number
(ii) is a positive real number
(iii) is an imaginary number [3]
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Page 3

(a) Find the polar form of the complex numbers z  1  i and w  3  i
using degrees for the arguments. [4]
(b) Find zw by using the Cartesian forms. [2]
(c) Find zw by using the polar forms. [2]
(d) Deduce the exact values of cos15 , sin 15 and tan 15 . [6]
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Page 4
Let z  3  i
(a) Find the polar form rcis of the complex numbers z and  z . [4]
(b) Find the polar form rcis of the complex numbers z and  z . [4]
(c) Represent the four complex numbers above on the Complex plane. [2]
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Page 5

1 1
Find the polar form of the complex numbers z  1  i 3 , w   i , u  2 3  2i
2 2
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π π 5π
Given that z  2 cis , w  cis( ) , u  4cis , find the polar form of
3 4 6
z z6
(i) zw (ii) (iii) u 3 (iv)
w w4 u 3
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Page 6
(a) Find the polar form of z  1  i 3

1 a
(b) Hence, express in the form where a, b  Z .
(1  i 3) 3
b
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 
Let z1 = a  cos  i sin  and z2 = b  cos   i sin  
 4 4  3 3
3
z 
Express  1  in the form z  x  yi .
 z2 
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Page 7

 π π
Let z1  r  cos  i sin  and z2  1  3 i .
 4 4
(a) Write z2 in modulus-argument form. [3]
(b) Find the value of r if z1 z2 3  2 [3]
(c) Find the argument of z1 z23 . [2]
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Page 8

6 i 2
Let z1  , and z2  1  i .
2
π π
(a) Write z1 and z2 in the form r (cos   i sin  ) , where r  0 and –   . [6]
2 2
z1 π π
(b) Show that  cos  i sin [2]
z2 12 12
z
(c) Find the value of 1 in the form a  bi , where a and b are to be determined
z2
exactly in radical (surd) form. Hence or otherwise find the exact values of
π π
cos and sin . [4]
12 12
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Page 9

Consider z  cos   i sin 
(a) Find z 3 by using de Moivre's theorem [1]

(b) Find z 3 by using the binomial theorem [3]
(c) Compare the results for z 3 and deduce formulas for cos 3 and sin 3 ; express
cos 3 in terms of cos  only and sin 3 in terms of sin  only. [5]
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Page 10

(a) Find z 4 by using de Moivre's theorem. [1]

(b) Find z 4 by using the binomial theorem. [4]
(c) Compare the results for z 4 and deduce formulas for cos 4 and sin 4 . [4]
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Page 11

(a) Use de Moivre's theorem to show that
z n  z  n  2 cos n
z n  z  n  2i sin n . [4]
(b) Expand ( z  z 1 ) 2 and ( z  z 1 ) 2 and deduce formulas for cos2  and sin 2  . [6]
(c) Expand ( z  z 1 )3 and ( z  z 1 )3 and deduce formulas for cos3  and sin 3  . [6]
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Page 12

(a) Use de Moivre's theorem to show that
z n  z  n  2 cos n
z n  z  n  2i sin n . [4]
(b) Expand ( z  z 1 ) 4 and ( z  z 1 ) 4 and deduce formulas for cos4  and sin 4  . [8]
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Page 13
Given that z   b  i  , where b is real and positive, find the exact value of b when
2
arg z  60 .
METHOD A: Expand  b  i  and then consider the argument of z

2
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METHOD B: Think of the argument of b  i first
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Page 14
Find, in its simplest form, the argument of  sin   i(1  cos  )  where θ is an acute
2
angle.
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Page 15

The complex numbers z1 and z 2 are z1  2  i , z2  3  i .
(a) Find z1 z 2 , giving your answer in the form a  ib , a, b  R . [1]
 1
(b) The polar form of z1 may be written as  5 , arctan  .
 2
(i) Express the polar form of z 2 , z1 z 2 in a similar way.
 1 1
(ii) Hence show that  arctan  arctan [5]
4 2 3
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Page 16
   
n n
Prove that 3i  3 i is real, where n 
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Page 17
Let z1  (1  i 3) m and z2  (1  i) n .
(a) Find the modulus and argument of z1 and z2 in terms of m and n , respectively. [6]
(b) Hence, find the smallest positive integers m and n such that z1  z2 . [6]
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Page 18

A complex number z is such that z  z  3i .
3
(a) Show that the imaginary part of z is . [2]
2
(b) Let z1 and z2 be the two possible values of z , such that z  3 .
(i) Sketch a diagram to show the points which represent z1 and z2 in the
complex plane, where z1 is in the first quadrant.
π
(ii) Show that arg z1  .
6
(iii) Find arg z2 . [4]
z z 
k
  π , find a value of k .
1 2
(c) Given that arg  [4]
 2i 
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Page 19

2 3
 π π  π π
 cos – i sin   cos  i sin 
Consider the complex number z   4 4  3 3 .
4
 π π 
 cos – i sin 
 24 24 
(a) (i) Find the modulus of z .
(ii) Find the argument of z , giving your answer in radians. [4]
(b) Using De Moivre’s theorem, show that z is a cube root of one, i.e. z 3  1 . [2]
(c) Simplify (1  2 z )(2  z ) , expressing your answer in the form a  bi , where a and
2
b are exact real numbers. [5]
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Page 20
THE EQUATION z n  a

Complete the following table with the n -th roots of 1
Roots
Equation Polar form Cartesian form
z0  cis0 z0  1
z2  1 z1  cisπ z1  1
z0  cis0
2π
z1  cis
z3  1 3
4π
z2  cis
3
z4  1
z5  1 (only Polar form here)
z6  1
Page 21

Solve the following equations and represent the solutions in the complex plane.
(a) z 3  1 , (b) z 3  i , (c) z 3  i
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Page 22

Solve the following equations
(a) z 4  16 , (b) z 4  16 , (c) z 4  16i (d) z 4  8 2  8 2i
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Page 23
Solve the equation z 5  16 2  16 2i
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Let x and y be real numbers, and  be one of the complex solutions of the equation
z 3  1 . Evaluate:
(a) 1   2 [2]
(b) ( x   y )( x   y )
2 2
[4]
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Page 24

2π 2π
Let w  cos  i sin .
5 5
(a) Show that w is a root of the equation z 5  1  0 . [3]
(b) Show that ( w  1)( w  w  w  w  1)  w  1 and deduce that
4 3 2 5
w4  w3  w2  w  1  0 . [3]
2π 4π 1
(c) Hence, show that cos  cos  . [6]
5 5 2
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Page 25

(a) Express z 5  1 as a product of two factors, one of which is linear. [2]
(b) Find the zeros of z 5  1 , giving your answers in the form r (cos   i sin  ) , where
r  0 and  π    π . [3]
(c) Express z 4  z 3  z 2  z  1 as a product of two real quadratic factors. [5]
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Page 26

Given that z  ,
(a) solve the equation z 3  8i  0 , giving your answers in the form z  r c i s  .
[Notice: in other words, find the cube roots of 8i ] [6]
(b) show the roots on an Argand diagram. [2]
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Page 27

(a) Use de Moivre’s theorem to find the roots of the equation z 4  1  i . [6]
(b) Draw these roots on an Argand diagram. [2]
(c) If z1 is the root in the first quadrant and z2 is the root in the second quadrant, find
z2
in the form a  bi . [4]
z1
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Page 28

The complex number z is defined by
 2π 2π   π π
z  4  cos  i sin  4 3  cos  i sin 
 3 3   6 6
(a) Express z in the form rei , where r and  have exact values.
(b) Find the cube roots of z , expressing in the form rei , where rei have exact
values.
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Page 29

(a) The complex number z is defined by z  cos   i sin  .
1
(i) Show that  cos(  )  i sin(  ) .
z
(ii) Deduce that z n  z  n  2 cos n . [5]
(b) (i) Find the binomial expansion of ( z  z 1 )5 .
1
(ii) Hence show that cos 5   (a cos 5  b cos 3  c cos  ) ,
16
where a, b, c are positive integers to be found. [5]
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Page 30

(a) Expand and simplify ( x  1)( x 4  x3  x 2  x  1) . [2]
(b) Given that b is a root of the equation z 5  1  0 which does not lie on the real axis
in the Argand diagram, show that 1  b  b 2  b3  b 4  0 . [3]
(c) If u  b  b 4 and v  b 2  b3 show that

(i) u  v  uv  1 ;
(ii) u  v  5 , given that u  v  0 . [8]
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Page 31

Consider z 5  32  0 .
  2π   2π  
(a) Show that z1=2  cos    i sin    is one of the complex roots of this equation. [3]
  5   5 
(b) Find z12, z13, z14, z15, giving your answer in the modulus argument form. [4]
(c) Plot the points that represent z1, z12, z13, z14, z15, in the complex plane. [3]
(d) The point z1n is mapped to z1n 1 by a composition of two linear transformations,
where n = 1, 2, 3, 4. Give a full geometric description of the two transformations. [2]
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Page 32

π
i
(a) Express the complex number 1  i in the form ae b , where a, b  +.
. [2]
n
 1 i 
(b) Using the result from (a), show that   , where n  , has only eight distinct
 2
values [5]
(c) Hence solve the equation z n  1  0 . [2]
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Page 33
Let u  1  3i and v  1  i , where i 2  1 .
u 3 1 3 1
(a) (i) Show that   i.
v 2 2
(ii) By expressing both u and v in modulus-argument form show that
u  π π
 2  cos  i sin  .
v  12 12 
π
(iii) Hence find the exact value of tan in the form a  b 3 where a, b  . [15]
12
(b) Use mathematical induction to prove that for n  +.
,
 nπ
1  3i  nπ
n
 2n  cos  i sin . [7]
 3 3 
2v  u
(c) Let z  .
2v  u
Show that Re z  0 . [6]
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Page 34
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Page 35

(a) (i) Factorize t 3  3t 2  3t  1 , giving your answer as a product of a linear factor
and a quadratic factor.
(ii) Hence find all the exact solutions to the equation t 3  3t 2  3t  1  0 . [5]
(b) Using de Moivre’s theorem and the binomial expansion.
(i) show that cos 3  cos3   3cos  sin 2  ;
(ii) write down a similar expression for sin 3 . [7]
3 tan   tan 3 
(c) (i) Hence show that tan 3  .
1  3 tan 2 
(ii) Find the values of  , 0    180 , for which this identity is not valid. [7]
(d) Using th results from parts (a) and (c), find the exact values of tan15 and
tan 75 . [7]
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Page 36
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Page 37
40*. [Maximum mark: 20] [without GDC] [needs differentiation]

Let y  cos   i sin 
dy
(a) Show that  iy [ i may be treated in the same way as a real constant] [3]
d
(b) Solve the differential equation in (a) to show that y  ei . [5]
(c) Use this result to deduce de Moivre’s theorem. [2]
sin 6
(d) (i) Given that  a cos5   b cos3   c cos  , where sin   0 , use
sin 
de Moivre’s theorem with n  6 to find the values of the constants a, b and c .
sin 6
(ii) Hence deduce the value of lim . [10]
 0 sin 
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Page 38
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Page 39
41. [Maximum mark: 13] [without GDC] [needs integration]

Consider the complex number z  cos   i sin  .
1
(a) Using De Moivre’s theorem show that zn   2 cos n . [2]
zn
4
 1 1
 show that cos  = (cos 4  4 cos 2  3)
4
(b) By expanding  z  [4]
 z 8
a
(c) Find  0
cos 4 d . [4]
(d) Find cos 4 15 . [3]
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Page 40
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Page 41
INDUCTION
Please look at also the COMPLEX NUMBERS section from the EXERCISES
[MAA 1.9] MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION
Page 42
MAA

COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)
CARTESIAN FORM

Let f ( z )  z 2  8 z  20 .
(a) Find the discriminant  of the quadratic function f . [1]

(b) Find the complex roots of the equation f ( z )  0 in the form z  x  yi [3]
(c) Use factorisation to express f in the form f ( z )  ( z  h ) 2  k . [2]
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Page 1
[MAA 1.11-1.12] COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)
b  i 
The complex roots of the equation az 2  bz  c  0 are given by z  .
2a
where   b 2  4ac
(a) Find the complex roots of the equation 4 z 2  8 z  13  0 expressing your answers
in the form z  x  yi . [4]
(b) Confirm that the sum S and the product P of the roots are given by
b c
(i) S . (ii) P . [4]
a a
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Page 2

Let z1  3  4i and z2  10  5i
(a) Find the following results in the form x  yi .

z2
(i) z1  z2 . (ii) z2  z1 (iii) z1 z2 (iv) [6]
z1
(b) Find the following powers in the form x  yi
(i) z12 . (ii) z13 [6]
(c) Find
(i) z1 (ii) z2 (iii) z2  z1 [6]
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Page 3
(a) Find (1  i 3) 2 in the form a  bi , where a, b  Z . [3]
(b) Find (1  i 3)3 . [3]

[Confirm the results by your GDC]
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5. [Maximum mark: 4]
(a) Given that ( a  2)  3i  7  (b  1)i , find the value of a and of b , where a , b  . [2]
(b) Given that (c  2)  ( d  1)i  0 , find the value of c and of d , where c, d  . [2]
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Page 4

Let z  x  yi . Find the values of x and y if
(2  5i)z  1  17i
(a) by substituting z  x  yi in the equation and solving the simultaneous equations. [5]
(b) by using division (an equation of the form az  b , implies z  b / a ) [4]
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Page 5

i
Let the complex number z be given by z  1  .
i 3
Express z in the form a  bi , giving the exact values of the real constants a , b .
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1 a
Express 3
in the form where a, b  Z .
(1  i 3 ) b
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Page 6

2
Let z   1  4i . Express z 2 in the form x  yi where x, y  Z.
1 i
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Consider the equation 2( p  iq )  q  ip  2(1  i) , where p and q are both real
numbers. Find p and q .
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Page 7

Given that (a  i) (2  bi)  (7  i) , find the value of a and of b , where a, b  .
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Find the values of a and b , where a and b are real, given that (a  bi)(2  i)  5  i
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Page 8
13. [Maximum mark: 4] [with without GDC]

Let z  x  yi . Find the values of x and y if (1  i) z  1  3i .
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The complex number z satisfies i( z  2)  1  2 z , where i  – 1 . Write z in the form
z  a  bi , where a and b are real numbers.
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Page 9

a b
The two complex numbers z1  and z 2  where a, b  R , are such that
1 i 1  2i
z1  z 2  3 . Calculate the value of a and of b .
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Solve the following equation for z , where z is a complex number.
z z 1 5
 
3  4i 5i 3  4i
Give your answer in the form a  bi , where a, b 
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Page 10

Solve the equations
(a) ( 2  5i) z  9  3 z  19i [5]
(b) ( 2  5i) z  8  3 z  20i [5]
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Page 11
Given that z  2 5 , find the complex number z that satisfies the equation
25  15  1  8i.
z z*
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Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers. Solve the simultaneous equations
2 z1  3 z2  7
z1  iz2  4  4i
Give your answers in the form z  a  bi , where a , b  .
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Page 12

z
Consider w  2
where z  x  yi , y  0 and z 2  1  0 .
z 1
Given that Im w  0 , show that z  1 .
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Page 13

If z  x  yi is a complex number and z  16  4 z  1 , find the value of z .
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Page 14
POLYNOMIALS

Consider the polynomial f ( z )  z 3  3 z 2  7 z  5
(a) Confirm that 1 is a root of f ( z ) [1]
It is given that f (1  2i)  0
(b) Write down the two complex roots of f ( z ) . [1]
(c) Write down the three linear factors of f ( z ) (with complex coefficients). [3]
(d) Express f ( z ) in the form ( z  a )( z 2  bz  c) where a, b, c  Z . [2]
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Page 15

Consider the polynomial
f ( z )  2( z  1  2i)( z  1  2i)( z  1)( z  2)
(a) Write down the four roots of the polynomial. [2]
(b) Express ( z  1  2i)( z  1  2i) in the form z 2  Bz  C [2]
(c) Express f (z ) in the form az 4  bz 3  cz 2  dz  e . [2]

b e
(d) Confirm that the sum and the product of roots are given by S   and P  . [2]
a a
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Page 16

f ( z )  2 z 4  az 3  26 z 2  bz  20
Given that 1 and 2 are roots
(a) find the values of a and b . [4]
(b) find the other two roots of f (z ) . [4]
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Page 17

f ( z )  2 z 4  10 z 3  26 z 2  38 z  20
Given that z  1  2i is a root find the other 3 roots of f ( z ) .
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Page 18

Find the polynomial f ( z ) of degree 4, given that
 3 of the roots are 1  2i , 1, 2

 the remainder when f ( z ) is divided by z  1 is 96
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Page 19

( z  2i) is a factor of 2 z 3  3 z 2  8 z  12 . Find the other two factors.
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3 2
Let P ( z )  z  az  bz  c , where a , b and c  . Two of the roots of P ( z )  0
are –2 and (–3 + 2i). Find the value of a , of b and of c .
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Page 20

The polynomial P ( z )  z 3  mz 2  nz  8 is divisible by ( z  1  i) , where z  C and
m, n  R . Find the value of m and of n .
METHOD A: Substitute the solution z  1  i .

[not the ideal way but good for practice!]
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Page 21
METHOD B: Find first the three roots of P ( z ) , hence the factorization and expand
[Much quicker!]
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Page 22

(a) Evaluate (1  i) 2 , where i = 1 . [2]
(b) Prove, by mathematical induction, that (1  i) 4 n  ( 4) n , where n  *. [6]
(c) Hence or otherwise, find (1  i)32 . [2]
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Page 23

Let z  a  bi and w  c  di ,
(a) Express zw in the form x  yi [2]
2 2 2
(b) Show that zw   ac   (bd ) 2   ac   (bd ) 2 [2]
(c) Show that z  w  z  w [2]
(d) Show that zw  z w [3]
(e) Show that zw  z w [4]
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Page 24
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Page 25
It is given that zw  z w and zw  z w for any complex numbers z and w .

Show, by using mathematical induction, that for any n  2 it holds
(a) zn  z n [6]
n n
(b) z  z [6]
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Page 26
MATH HL
TEST (PAPER 1: WITHOUT GDC)
TRIGONOMETRY
by Christos Nikolaidis
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/50
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
(a) Use the formula for cos( A + B ) to show that
π π
4 cos( x + ) cos( x + ) = 3 − 2 sin 2 x [3 marks]
6 3
5π 7π
(b) Hence find the exact value of 4 cos cos [3 marks]
12 12
π π
(c) Solve the equation 4 cos( x + ) cos( x + ) = 3 − 2 , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π [3 marks]
6 3
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−2−
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−3−
(a) Show that the following identity holds
sin 2 x + sin x
= tan x [3 marks]
cos 2 x + cos x + 1
(b) Solve the equation sin 2 x + sin x = cos 2 x + cos x + 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π [3 marks]
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−4−
Consider the function f ( x) = csc(π x ) .
(a) Sketch the graph of y = sin(π x ) , in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 . [3 marks]

(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of y = f (x) , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 , by indicating
clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [3 marks]
(c) Solve the equation f ( x) = 1 , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 . [2 marks]
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−5−
π π
(a) Solve the equation sin 5 x = sin 3 x , for − ≤x≤ . [4 marks]
2 2
(b) (i) Explain why sin( − x ) = − sin x
(ii) Hence solve the equation cos 5 x + sin x = 0 , for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . [5 marks]
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−6−

(a) Solve the equation
cos 5θ
= 0 , in the interval 0 ≤ θ < π ,
cos θ
nπ
giving your answers in the form with n ∈ N . [5 marks]
10
The following triple angle identities are given

cos 3θ = 4 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ .
sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ .
(b) Use the formula for cos( A + B ) to prove that
cos 5θ
= 16 sin 4 θ − 12 sin 2 θ + 1 [7 marks]
cos θ
(c) Find the four exact values of sin θ that satisfy the equation
16 sin 4 θ − 12 sin 2 θ + 1 = 0 [4 marks]
π 3− 5
(d) By using the result (a),(b) and (c) show that sin = . [2 marks]
10 8
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−7−
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−8−
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MATH HL
TEST (PAPER 2: WITH GDC)
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/50
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
Find the exact solution of the equation arctan x + arctan 2 x = arctan 2 [5 marks]
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−2−
2. [maximum mark 6]
The diagram shows a circle of centre and radius . The angle radians.
A
B
O
Find the value of θ,
(a) given that the ratio of the length of the minor arc AB to the length of the major
arc AB is 1:5. [2 marks]
(b) given that the ratio between the areas of the shaded region to the non-shaded
region in the circle is 1:5. [4 marks]
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−3−
Let
(a) Find the exact value of the period of f. [2 marks]
(b) Find the maximum value of f. [1 mark]
(c) Given that the function can be written in the form , find
(i) the value of A, with A > 0.
(ii) the value of B
(iii) a value for C. [4 marks]
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−4−
Two discs, one of radius 8 cm and one of radius 5 cm, are placed such that they touch each other.
A piece of string is wrapped around the discs. This is shown in the diagram below.
Calculate the area of the shaded region.
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−5−

Let Tn ( x) = cos(n arccos x) , where x is a real number, x∈[–1, 1] and n is a positive
integer.
(a) Find T1 ( x ) [1 mark]
(b) Show that T2 ( x) = 2 x 2 − 1 [2 marks]

(c) (i) Simplify cos( A + B) + cos( A − B )
(ii) Hence show that Tn +1 ( x) + Tn −1 ( x) = 2 xTn ( x) . [5 marks]
(d) Express T3 ( x) as a cubic function in terms of x. [2 marks]
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−6−
Find
(a) the length of the side [4 marks]
(b) the area of the quadrilateral [3 marks]
(c) the perimeter of the quadrilateral [4 marks]
It is given that the bearing from B to D is 70o. Find

(d) the bearing from B to A. [3 marks]
(e) the bearing from A to B. [2 marks]
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−7−
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MATH HL
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/50
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
1. [maximum mark 7]
In the diagram below, AD is perpendicular to BC. CD = 4, BD = 2 and AD = 3.
CȂD = α and BȂD = β
Find the exact values of

(a) tan(2α) [2 marks]
(b) sin(α-β) [3 marks]

(c) sin(arctan) [2 marks]
2. [maximum mark 6]
1 − cos(2 x) + sin(2 x)
= tan x , [4 marks]
1 + cos(2 x) + sin(2 x)
π
(b) Hence find the exact value of cot [2 marks]
12
Page 1
3. [maximum mark 8]
Solve the equations
(a) 2 = √3 , 0 ≤ ≤ 2 [4 marks]
(b) 4 = 2 0≤≤ [4 marks]
4. [maximum mark 5]
Find the value of in the form a + b 3 given that
cos( x + 30 ) = 2 sin( x − 30 o )
o
[5 marks]
5. [maximum mark 6]
The graph below represents f ( x ) = a cos(bx + d ) + c , where a ,b, c , and d are constants.
Find values for a ,b, c , and d .
6. [maximum mark 9]
Consider the function ) = 24, 0 ≤ ≤ .
(a) Sketch the graph of = 4 in the interval 0 ≤ ≤ . [2 marks]
(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of = ), by indicating clearly
the equations of any asymptotes. [3 marks]
(c) Write down the smallest positive solution of the equation ) = −2 [2 marks]
(d) Find the number of solutions of the equation |)| = , 0 ≤ ≤ [2 marks]
7. [maximum mark 9]
The lengths of the sides of a triangle ABC are x − 2, x, x + 2 . The largest angle is 120o.
(a) Find the value of x . [4 marks]
15 3
(b) Show that the area of the triangle is [2 marks]
4
p q
(c) Find sin A + sin B + sin C , giving your answer in the form , where p, q and r are
r
integers. [3 marks]
Page 2
MATH HL
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/40
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
1. [maximum mark 5]
In a triangle ABC, =30°, AB=6cm , AC=3√2 cm. Find the possible lengths of [BC].
[5 marks]
2. [maximum mark 5]
The diagram shows a circle of centre and radius . The angle = ! radians. Find
the value of θ, given that that the shaded area is equal to the area of the triangle OAB.
A
B
O
[5 marks]
3. [maximum mark 6]
Let ) = 2 + 3
(a) Find the exact value of the period of f [2 marks]
(b) Find the maximum value of f. [1 mark]
(c) Solve the equation ) = 1, for 0 ≤ ≤ 2 [3 marks]
A jogger starts running from a point A at a constant speed of 1 km every 3 minutes.
He runs for 30 minutes on a bearing of 70o to a point B. Then he runs for 15 minutes
on a bearing of 200o to reach a point C. Find :
(a) The distance AC [3 marks]
(b) The bearing from A to point C. [3 marks]
Page 1
5. [maximum mark 6]
(a) Using the formula for sin( A + B ) and suitable double angle identities or any other
appropriate trigonometric identity, prove the following triple angle identity
sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ [4 marks]
(b) Given that sin 3θ = 1 find the possible values of sin θ [2 marks]
The following three dimensional diagram shows the four points A,B,C and D.
A,B,C are in the same horizontal plane and AD is vertical. = 45% , BC = 50m.
The angle of elevation from point B to point D is 30% , while the angle of elevation from
point C to point D is 20% .
Using the cosine rule in the triangle ABC, or otherwise, find AD.
Two discs, one of radius 8 cm and one of radius 5 cm, are placed such that they touch
each other. A piece of string is wrapped around the discs. This is shown in the diagram
below.
Calculate the length of the string needed to go around the discs.
Page 2
MATH HL
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/40
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
1. [maximum mark 5]
In the diagram below, AD is perpendicular to BC. CD = 4, BD = 2 and AD = 3. CȂD = α
and BȂD = β
Find the exact value of sin (α + β)

[5 marks]
2. [maximum mark 6]
Let f (x) = 2 tan2 x– 5sec x – 10sin2x – 10cos2x
(a) Express f (x) in terms of sec x only. [2 marks]
(b) Solve the equation f (x) = 0, 0 ≤ ≤ .
Express your answers in the form [4 marks]
3. [maximum mark 6]
1
sin 4 x + cos 4 x = 1 − sin 2 2 x , [3 marks]
2
π π
(b) Find the value of sin 4 + cos 4 [3 marks]
8 8
Page 1
4. [maximum mark 7]
Consider the function = 3csc 2.
(a) Sketch the graph of the function = 2, 0 ≤ ≤ 2. [2 marks]
(b) On the same axes sketch the graph of = in the interval 0 ≤ ≤ 2 ,
by indicating clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [3 marks]
(c) Solve the equation | | = 3, 0 ≤ ≤ 2 [2 marks]
5. [maximum mark 7]
(a) Write down the domain and the range of the function = arctan [2 marks]

(b) Find arctan − + arctan − ! [3 marks]

(c) Find arctan −2 + arctan − [2 marks]
!
6. [maximum mark 9]
Consider the function = −3 + ". The maximum value is 5.
(a) Given that the maximum value is 5, find p and the range of f (x) [2 marks]
(b) Sketch the graph of f (x) for 0 ≤ ≤ 5 [3 marks]
(c) Solve the equation = 2 , 0 ≤ ≤ 5 [2 marks]
(d) Find the coordinates of the local maximum points of f (x) [2 marks]
Page 2
MATH HL
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/40
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
1. [maximum mark 5]
In a triangle ABC, $%& '=30°, AB=6cm , AC=3√2 cm. Find the possible lengths of [BC].
[5 marks]
2. [maximum mark 6]

[6 marks]
3. [maximum mark 6]
Given that 100° = ", express the following in terms of "
a) 100° b) 200° c) 50°
d) 80° e) ,260° f) 10° [6 marks]
Page 1
4. [maximum mark 6]
(a) Sketch the graph of = 4 + 8 , 0 < x < π. [2 marks]
(b) Write down the exact period of the function f [2 marks]
(c) Find the maximum value of f. [2 marks]
5. [maximum mark 6]
Let = ,
(a) Find the exact solutions of the equation
= −3√3
in the interval − ≤ ≤ 2 [4 marks]
/
(b) Hence solve the equation 2 = −3√3 in the interval − ≤ ≤ [2 marks]
!
6. [maximum mark 11]

(a) Using the formula for cos( A + B ) and suitable double angle identities or any other
cos 3θ = 4 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ , [3 marks]
(b) Find the exact values of cosθ that satisfy the equation cos 3θ = 11 cos 2 θ [2 marks]
(c) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation cos 3θ = 11 cos 2 θ , 0 ≤ ≤ . [2 marks]
(d) Let Tn ( x ) = cos( n arccos x) , where x is a real number, x∈[–1, 1] and
n is a positive integer.
(i) Find T1 ( x )
(ii) Show that T2 ( x) = 2 x 2 − 1
(iii) Express T3 ( x ) as a polynomial of degree 3. [4 marks]
Page 2
MATH HL
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/50
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
1. Consider the following diagram where is the tangent on the circle at point .
% (
= 4√3
' $ = 8
a) The area of the shaded region [4 marks]

b) The perimeter of the shaded region [2 marks]
2. Given that 10° = , express the following in terms of

a) 10° b) 20° c) 170°
d) 190° e) 190° f) 350°
g) 80° h) 100° i) 260° [9 marks]
3. Solve the equation

2 − √3 − √3 = 0, − ≤ ≤ [10 marks]
4. Let = 2 and ! = 1 + .

a) Solve the equation = ! in the interval − ≤ ≤ 2 [5 marks]
b) Hence solve the equation 2 = !2 in the interval 0 ≤ ≤ [2 marks]
Page 1
5. Consider the function = −3 4 +
a) Given that the maximum value is 5, find p and the range of f (x) [2 marks]
b) Give full geometric description of the transformation from to f (x) [2 marks]
c) Sketch the graph of f (x) for 0 ≤ ≤ [2 marks]
d) Solve the inequality < 2 , 0 ≤ ≤ [2 marks]
e) Find the values of k if the equation = * , 0 ≤ ≤ has
i) exactly 3 solutions
ii) no solutions [2 marks]
6. Consider the function = 2+ 4.

a) Sketch the graph of , = in the interval 0 ≤ ≤ , by indicating
clearly the equations of any asymptotes. [4 marks]
b) Write down the smallest positive solution of the equation = −2 [2 marks]
c) Find the number of solutions of the equation || = 3, 0 ≤ ≤ [2 marks]
Page 2
MATH HL
TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/50
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
8
= 7
/ = 5
( 1 = 60°
7
5 = 80°
.
D
.6/ = 30°
%
a) Find . [4 marks]
b) Find the area of the quadrilateral ./ [3 marks]
Let /′ be a point on /, between and /, such that ./1 = ./1 ′.
c) Find the distance between / and /’ [3 marks]
2. [maximum mark 5]
The diagram shows a circle of centre $ and radius 3. The angle $ = 4 radians. Find
the value of θ, given that
A
9ℎ;+; 3+ 1
=
3+ + 3 $ 2 B
O
[5 marks]
3. [maximum mark 5]
Solve the system of equations
cos x + cos y = 1.2 sin x + sin y = 1.4
for 0 < x < π , 0 < y < π . [5 marks]
Page 1
4. [maximum mark 6]
1
Let f be the function f ( x ) = x arccos x + x for − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and g the function
2
g ( x ) = cos 2 x for − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
(a) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f and of g.
(b) Write down the solution of the equation f ( x ) = g ( x ) . _______________

(c) Write down the range of g. ______________________
[6 marks]

(a) Using the formula for sin( A + B ) and suitable double angle identities or any other
sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin 3 θ [3 marks]
(b) Assuming that a similar triple angle identity for cos 3θ is defined as
cos 3θ = 4 cos 3 θ − 3 cos θ , use the formula for cos( A + B ) and by appropriately
selecting the values of A and B, prove that
cos 5θ
= 16 sin 4 θ − 12 sin 2 θ + 1 [7 marks]
cos θ
cos 5θ
(c) By considering the solutions of the equation = 0 , solve the equation
cos θ
16 sin 4 θ − 12 sin 2 θ + 1 = 0 in the interval 0 ≤ θ < π ,
nπ
giving your answers in the form with n ∈ N . [4 marks]
10
(d) Find the four exact values of sin θ that satisfy the equation
16 sin 4 θ − 12 sin 2 θ + 1 = 0 [5 marks]
π 3− 5
(e) (i) Hence, by clearly explaining your reasoning, show that sin = .
10 8
7π
(ii) State the exact value of sin . [5 marks]
10
Page 2
MATH HL
TEST
TRIGONOMETRY
Date: 25 January 2018
Paper 1: Without GDC
Marks: /40
Name:____________________________________
Questions
Use the formula for tan 2 x to find the exact value of tan 67.5 .
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2
Given that sin( x  45 )  3 cos( x  30 ) , find the exact value of cot x .
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3
Solve the equation
3
tan 2 x  2 3, 0 x
tan 2 x
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4
(a) Write down the minimum and the maximum value of the expression
πcos 2 x [1 mark]
(b) Solve the equation
2 sin( πcos 2 x )  1 , 0  x   [6 marks]
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5
Consider a right-angled triangle ABC with Cˆ  90 and sides AB  c , AC  b , BC  a .
Given that a 2 , b 2 and c 2 are in arithmetic progression, find the exact values of tan Â
and cos Â .
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6

(a) Show that
cos 2nx  cos(( 2n  1) x ) cos x  sin(( 2n  1) x ) sin x [2 marks]
(b) Hence prove, by mathematical induction, that
1  cos 2nx
sin x  sin 3 x  sin 5 x  ⋯  sin(( 2n  1) x ) 
2 sin x
for all n  Z  , sin x  0 [7 marks]
(c) Hence solve the equation
sin x  sin 3 x  cos x in the interval 0  x   [5 marks]
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7
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8
Paper 2: With GDC
Marks: /40
Name:____________________________________
Questions
In a triangle ABC, B̂ =0.5 radians, AB=50cm, AC=40cm. Find the possible values of
angle Â and the smallest possible area of the triangle ABC. [5 marks]
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2
A ship sails from port A on a bearing of 070o for 50 km and reaches point B. From B, it
changes its course and sails on a bearing of 010o for another 50 km to point C. Find
(a) The distance of port A to point C. [4 marks]
(b) The bearing of point C from port A. [2 marks]
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3
The following three-dimensional diagram shows a vertical flagpole AD on horizontal
ground. The angles of elevation of the top D from the points B and C are 40o and 35o
respectively.
20o
50m
Given that BC = 50m and BD̂C  20 find the height of the flagpole.
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4
Consider the circle with center O and radius r, as in the follwing diagram. The lines (AB)
and (AC) are tangent to the circle at B and C respectively. Let BOˆ C  
D θ

(a) Show that the area quadrilateral ABOC is r 2 tan [3 marks]
2
(b) Given that the area of the shaded region is equal to the area of the sector OBDC,
find the value of angle θ in degrees. [4 marks]
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5
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6
Consider two intersecting circles with radii 6 and 11 respectively, as in the diagram
below. The distance between their centres A and B is 13. The line segment MN is
tangent to both circles.
Find
(a) The length of the line segment MN. [2 marks]
(b) The size of the angle ABN [2 marks]
(c) The total area of the region covered by the two circles (shaded region). [6 marks]
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7
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8
 A B  A B
(a) Show that sin A  sin B  2 sin   cos  [4 marks]
 2   2 
 75   15 
(b) Hence find the exact value of sin   cos  [2 marks]
 2   2 
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MATH HL
Paper 1 TOTAL
Marks:____/50 TRIGONOMETRY
Marks:____/100
Grade: ______
Name:____________________________________
Date: 16 – 2 – 2016
Questions
π 2
Given that A + B = and tan A = , find
4 3
(a) tan B [2 marks]
(b) cos 2 B [3 marks]
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−2−
The graph of f ( x) = a cos bx + c , for − 5 ≤ x ≤ 14 is shown below
There is a minimum point at (0,-3) and a maximum point at (4,7).

(a) Find the values of a, b and c . [4 marks]
(b) This function can be expressed in the form f ( x) = −a sin(bx − d ) + c ,
where a, b, c are as above. Find the smallest possible positive value of d . [2 marks]
(c) Solve the equation f ( x ) + 3 = 0 , where − 5 ≤ x ≤ 14 [2 marks]
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−3−
1
sin 4 x + cos 4 x = 1 − sin 2 2 x [2 marks]
2
5
(b) Solve the equation sin 4 x + cos 4 x = , 0≤ x ≤π [5 marks]
8
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−4−
1 1
(a) Given that arctan + arctan = arctan k , find the value of k . [3 marks]
2 8
1 3 1
(b) Hence find the value of x = arctan + arctan + arctan [3 marks]
2 2 8
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−5−
Solve the equation
2 2
3sin x
+ 3cos x
= 2 3, 0≤ x ≤π [6 marks]
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−6−
Solve the equation
sin 2 3 x + cos 2 x = 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π [6 marks]
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−7−

(a) Show that
sin 2nx = sin(( 2n + 1) x ) cos x − cos((2n + 1) x) sin x [2 marks]
(b) Hence prove, by mathematical induction, that
sin 2nx
cos x + cos 3x + cos 5 x + L + cos((2n − 1) x) =
2 sin x
for all n ∈ Z + , sin x ≠ 0 [7 marks]
(c) Find
sin 5 o cos 5 o + sin 5 o cos15 o + sin 5 o cos 25 o [3 marks]
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−8−
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MATH HL
Paper 2
Marks:____/50 TRIGONOMETRY
Name:____________________________________
Date: 16 – 2 – 2016
Questions
In a triangle ABC, =30°, AB=6cm, AC= cm. Find the possible lengths of [BC]. [5 marks]
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−2−
The following diagram shows a circle with center O and radius 4 cm.
The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on OC. The
angle ADC is 0.3 radians and the angle AOC is 0.8 radians.
(a) Find OD. [3 marks]
(b) Find the area of the region ABCD. [4 marks]
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−3−
Let f ( x) = 6 sin(π x) + 8 cos(π x) + 15
(a) Find the period and the range of f. [3 marks]
(b) Express this function in the form f ( x) = a cos(b( x − d )) + c , where a, b, c, d are
positive real numbers [4 marks]
(c) Solve the inequality f ( x ) ≥ x 2 , [2 marks]
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−4−
With respect to a fixed point O, points A and C are 3 and 5 kilometers respectively and
bearings 0o and 090o respectively. The point B lies at a distance of 4 kilometers from A
and a bearing of 090o with respect to A. Find the distance and bearing of B from C.
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−5−
A rope ACDB of length 3.6 m is tied at its two ends at the points A and B, the two
endpoints of a straight rod, and passes over a disc of radius 0.6 m as shown in the
following diagram. The rod AB passes through the centre O of the disc and angles
CÂO = DB̂O = θ , with θ measured in radians.
θ θ
(a) Explain why CÔD = 2θ and hence show that cot θ + θ = 3 [5 marks]
(b) Find the value of θ , giving your answer correct to 4 decimal places. [2 marks]
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−6−
The following three-dimensional diagram shows a vertical flagpole AD on horizontal
ground. An observer was initially at point B, which is west of the base A, and found the
angle of elevation of the top D to be 30o. Then he moved south-east for 50m and
reached point C and found the angle of elevation of the top D to be 20o.
Find the height of the flagpole.
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−7−
A tank has the shape of a regular square pyramid with apex down, as shown below.
The side of the square base has length 6 metres while the depth of the tank is
3 2 metres.
(a) Show that the triangle OAB is an equilateral. [4 marks]
Two ants start running from the apex O to the directions of A and B with speeds
1.5 cm s −1 and 2 cm s −1 respectively.
(b) Find the distance between the two ants after 40 seconds. [5 marks]
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−8−
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MATH HL
TEST
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/80
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
a b
The two complex numbers z  and w  where a, b  R are such that
1 i 1  2i
z  w  3 . Calculate the value of a and of b [6 marks]
The complex number z is given by :
z   3 i
(a) Find the value of the modulus and the argument of z. [3 marks]
i
(b) Find arg   , giving your answer in degrees [4 marks]
z
Consider the polynomial p(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a, b, c, d  .
Given that 1 + i and 1 – 2i are zeros of p(x), find the values of a, b, c and d. [6 marks]

(a) Solve the equation
z 3  32  32 3 i
giving your answer in the form re i where 0, π . [6 marks]

(b) Show that your solutions satisfy the equation
2 0
for an integer k, the value of which should be stated. [4 marks]
n 2
n
(a) Show that (1  i ) n  (1  i ) n  2 2
cos , n N [5 marks]
4
(b) Hence find that the value of (1  i )19  (1  i )19 , simplified to an integer. [2 marks]

2 2
Consider z  cos  i sin
7 7
(a) Show that z is a 7th root of 1. [2 marks]
(b) Write down all the 7th roots of 1. [3 marks]
th
(c) Show that the sum of the 7 roots of 1 is 0. [2 marks]
2 4 6 1
(d) Hence, or otherwise, show that cos  cos  cos  [4 marks]
7 7 7 2
Let
A  z  z2  z4 and B  z3  z5  z6
(e) Given A  B  m and AB  n , where m and n are integers, find
(i) the value of m; (ii) the value of n. [4 marks]
(f) Find A  B
2 2
[3 marks]

(a) Show that e i  1 [1 mark]
1 1
Consider the geometric series 1+ e i + e 2 i  ⋯
3 9
(b) Write down the common ratio, z, of the series, and state its modulus. [2 marks]
(c) Find an expression for the sum to infinity of the series. [2 marks]
1 1 9 sin 
(d) Hence show that sinθ + sin 2  sin 3  ⋯  [8 marks]
3 9 10  6 cos 

1 i
(a) Use Euler’s form for e i and e  i to show that cos   (e  e  i )
2
and find a similar expression for sin  . [2 marks]
(b) Hence, by using the binomial theorem, show that

1
cos 2  sin 4   (cos 6  2 cos 4  cos 2  2). [7 marks]
32
(c) Hence find the exact value of


0
3 cos 2  sin 4d . [4 marks]
MATH HL
TEST
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/100
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
1. Solve the following equation for z, where z is a complex number.
z z 1 5
 
3  4i 5i 3  4i
Give your answers in the form a  bi where a , b  Z .
(Total 6 marks)
2. Find the values of n such that (1 + 3 i)n is a real number.

(Total 5 marks)
3. Consider the equation z3 + az2 + bz + c = 0, where a, b, c  . The points in the

Argand diagram representing the three roots of the equation form the vertices of
a triangle whose area is 9. Given that one root is –1 + 3i, find
(a) the other two roots; (4)
(b) a, b and c. (4)
(Total 8 marks)
4. (a) Solve the equation z3 = –2 + 2i, giving your answers in modulus–argument

form. (6)
(b) Hence show that one of the solutions is 1 + i when written in Cartesian
form. (2)
(Total 8 marks)
5. (a) Write down the expansion of (cos θ + i sin θ)5 in the form a + ib, where a
and b are in terms of sin θ and cos θ. (4)
(b) Hence show that cos 5θ = 16 cos5 θ – 20 cos3 θ + 5 cos θ. (3)
(c) By considering the solutions of the equation cos 5θ = 0, show that
π 5 5 7π
cos  and state the value of cos . (8)
10 8 10
(Total 15 marks)
6. The complex number z is defined as z = cos θ + i sin θ.
1
(a) Show that zn  n = 2i sin (nθ). (4)
z
5
 1
(b) Use the binomial theorem to expand  z   giving your answer in
 z
simplified form. (3)
(c) Hence show that 16 sin5 θ = sin 5θ –5 sin 3θ + 10 sin θ. (5)
π
(d) Find 0
2 sin 5 d . (4)
(Total 16 marks)
1 2i 1 3i
7. Consider the complex geometric series eiθ + e  e + ....
2 4
(a) Find an expression for z, the common ratio of this series. (2)
(b) Write down the value of │z│. (1)
(c) Write down an expression for the sum to infinity of this series. (2)
(d) (i) Express your answer to part (c) in terms of sin θ and cos θ.
(ii) Hence show that
1 1 4 cos   2
cos θ + cos 2θ + cos 3θ + ... = . (10)
2 4 5  4 cos 
(Total 15 marks)
3
8. The roots of the equation z  1  0 are defined by 1, ω and ω . 2
(a) Sketch an Argand diagram to show these roots. (2)

(b) Show that 1     2  0 . (2)
(c) Hence evaluate
(i) ( 2   )( 2   2 )
1 1
(ii)  (5)
2  2 2
(d) Find a cubic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots
1 1
2, and (6)
2 2 2
(Total 15 marks)
9. The integrals C and S are defined by

 
C   2 e 2 x cos 3 xdx and S   2 e 2 x sin 3 xdx .
0 0
By considering C  iS as a single integral, show that
1
C
13

2  3e  
and obtain a similar expression for S.
(Total 12 marks)
MATH HL
TEST
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Name:____________________________________ Marks:____/100
Date:________________ Grade: ______
Questions
z
1. Given that = 2 – i, z  , find z in the form a + ib.
z2
(Total 4 marks)
2. Given that z = cosθ + i sinθ show that
 1 
(a) Im  z n  n   0, n  +; (2)
 z 
 z 1 
(b) Re   = 0, z ≠ –1. (5)
 z 1
(Total 7 marks)
3. Consider the polynomial p(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a, b, c, d  .

Given that 1 + i and 1 – 2i are zeros of p(x), find the values of a, b, c and d.
(Total 7 marks)
4.
(Total 11 marks)
5. (a) Write down the expansion of (cos θ + i sin θ)3 in the form a + ib, where a
and b are in terms of sin θ and cos θ. (2)
(b) Hence show that cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ – 3 cos θ. (3)
(c) Similarly show that cos 5θ = 16 cos5 θ – 20 cos3 θ + 5 cos θ. (4)
(d) Hence solve the equation
 π π
cos 5θ + cos 3θ + cos θ = 0, where θ   ,  . (6)
 2 2
(Total 15 marks)
6. The complex number z is defined as z = cos θ + i sin θ.
1
(a) Show that zn  n = 2i sin (nθ). (4)
z
5
 1
(b) Use the binomial theorem to expand  z   giving your answer in
 z
simplified form. (3)
(c) Hence show that 16 sin5 θ = sin 5θ –5 sin 3θ + 10 sin θ. (5)
π
(d) Find 0
2 sin 5 d . (4)
(Total 16 marks)
7. (a) By expressing cos and sin  in terms of e i and e  i , show that

1
cos 2  sin 4   (cos 6  2 cos 4  cos 2  2). (8)
32
(b) Hence find the exact value of

0
3
cos 2  sin 4d . (4)
(Total 12 marks)
 2π   2π 
8. Consider ω = cos   i sin   .
 3  3 
(a) Show that
(i) ω3 = 1;
(ii) 1 + ω + ω2 = 0.
(4)
 2π   4π 
i    i   
(b) (i) Deduce that eiθ + e 
e 3  
= 0. 3 
π
(ii) Illustrate this result for θ = on an Argand diagram.
2
(4)
2
(c) (i) Expand and simplify F(z) = (z – 1)(z – ω)(z – ω ) where z is a
complex number.
(ii) Solve F(z) = 7, giving your answers in terms of ω.
(8)
(Total 16 marks)
9. The integrals C and S are defined by

 
C   e cos 3xdx
2 2x
and S   2 e 2 x sin 3 xdx .
0 0
By considering C  iS as a single integral, show that

C
1
13

2  3e  
and obtain a similar expression for S.
(Total 12 marks)

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INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

EXERCISES [MAA 3.9]

1. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

(b) Sketch the graph of the function g ( x )  sin( x) , 0  x  4

(c) Based on the graphs, solve the following equations

2. [Maximum mark: 4] [without GDC]

3. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

4. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

5. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

On the same diagram sketch the graph of f 1 ( x )  arccos x

6. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

7. [Maximum mark: 9] [without GDC]

8. [Maximum mark: 18] [without GDC]

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

9. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

values of the x and y intercepts. [4]

10. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

(b) On the same diagram sketch the graph of y  sec(4 x ) , for 0  x  π ,

(ii) the inequality sec(4 x )  0 , for 0  x  π . [4]

11. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

(a) Sketch the graph of y  sin(π x ) , in the interval 0  x  4 . [3]

12. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

13. [Maximum mark: 5] [without GDC]

14. [Maximum mark: 7] [without GDC]

Solve the equation arctan x  arctan 2 x  arctan 2

15. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

(b) Write down the solution of the equation f ( x)  g ( x) . [1]

16. [Maximum mark: 6] [with GDC]

(b) Hence solve the system for 0  x  π , 0  y  π . [3]

B. Exam style questions (LONG)

17. [Maximum mark: 12] [with GDC]

18. [Maximum mark: 15] [with GDC]

19. [Maximum mark: 21] [without GDC]

(b) Hence sketch ton a separate diagram the graph of g ( x )  cosec 2 x , 0  x  π ,

(c) Show that tan x  cot x  2 cosec 2 x . [3]

20*. [Maximum mark: 11] [with GDC]

21*. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

The function f is defined by f ( x)  cos x  3 sin x . This function may also be

exact value of R and of  . [5]

(c) Find the range of the function f . [2]

22*. [Maximum mark: 19] [without GDC]

EXERCISES [MAA 3.8]

1. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

2. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

3. [Maximum mark: 14] [without GDC]

4. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

(a) Find the exact value of cos(   )

(b) Find the exact value of sin(   ) . [4]

5. [Maximum mark: 9] [without GDC]

6. [Maximum mark: 6] [without GDC]

7. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

8. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

9. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

10. [Maximum mark: 10] [without GDC]

11. [Maximum mark: 12] [without GDC]

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

12. [Maximum mark: 9] [without GDC]

(a) Find the exact value of sin(2  ) [4]

(b) Find the exact value of cos(   ) . [5]

13. [Maximum mark: 7] [with GDC]

(a) Find the exact value of tan DȂC. [6]

14. [Maximum mark: 8] [without GDC]

4 cos( x  30) cos( x  60)  3  2 sin 2 x [5]