It’s I am obliged, my duty I must study

(was, were obliged) (I had to study)

It is necessary We have to (need to) hand in our project.

It was necessary We had to hand in our project.

It isn’t necessary You don’t have to (don’t need to, needn’t) finish it.
(she, he, it) doesn’t have to (doesn’t need to) finish it.
It wasn’t necessary You didn’t have to (didn’t need to) finish it.
Is it OK if …? Can /may I look at it?

It is forbidden You mustn’t talk in the library.

You aren’t allowed You can’t talk in the library.

It’s possible (it’s likely, perhaps) We might (may, could) organize public protest.

am, is, are + able to She can swim. (she is able to swim)
I am able to swim.
She (he, it) is able to swim.
We (they, you) are able to swim.
am not, isn’t, aren’t + able to She can’t swim. (she isn’t able to swim)
I’m not able to swim.
She (he, it) isn’t able to swim.
We (they, you) aren’t able to swim.
Was, were + able to She could swim. (she was able to swim)
I, she (he, it) was able to swim.
We (they, you) were able to swim.
Wasn’t, weren’t + able to She couldn’t swim. (she wasn’t able to swim)
I, she (he, it) wasn’t able to swim.
We (they, you) weren’t able to swim
Would you like me to ..? Can I help you? Shall I open the door for you?

Do you want …? Would you like some coffee?

Let’s We can (could) go to the library.

It’s my advice. (I advise you) You should study harder.

It’s a good idea (thing to do) We ought to respect animals.

Do you think it’s a good idea …? Shall I apply for this job?

I’ m certain ( I am sure) It’s Sunday. She must be at home.

It’s impossible He is at work. He can’t be at home.