Content

About Plant………………………………………………………………………………....2

The Process

Wastewater Treatment Plant…………………………………………….……....3

Dissolved Air Flotation………..………………………………………...….…....8

Acti Contact Tank………..………………………………………………..……....9

The Chemicals………..………………………………………...…………..…....10

Chemical Usage………..………………………………………...……………....11

Control Parameter………..………………………………………...…………...12

Data………………………………………………………………………….……………..14

1
About Plant

Wastewater Treatment
Plant
Wastewater treatment is a process
used to remove contaminants from
wastewater or sewage and convert it
into an effluent that can be returned
to the water cycle with acceptable
impact on the environment, or reused
for various purposes. The treatment
process takes place in a wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP). Pollutants
in wastewater are removed,
converted or broken down during the
treatment process. Existing wwtp
facility are powered by PT. Lautan
Organo Water (LOW), a subsidiary of
Lautan Luas Tbk.

Capacity: 360 CMPD

Inlet COD: 6000 max
Outlet COD: 900 max

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The Process

Wastewater
Treatment Plant

In its implementation, PT. Permata

Hijau Palm Oleo ­ KIM II resulting in
an imperfect waste treatment process
so must be sent to processing owned
by Medan Industrial Estate (KIM II)
with terms and conditions that have
been mutually agreed upon. The
processes involved in waste­water
treatment include physical processes
such as settlement or flotation and
biological processes such as aerated
lagoons, activated sludge, or bio­films
in trickling filters. Other physical
methods such as filtration through
sieves may be used in specialised
circumstances such as de­watering
waste­water sludge. To be effective, sewage must be
conveyed to a treatment plant by
appropriate pipes and
infrastructure, and the process
itself must be subject to
regulation and controls. Some
wastewaters require specialized
treatment methods. At the
simplest level, treatment of
sewage and most wastewaters is
carried out through separation of
solids from liquids, usually by
sedimentation. By progressively
converting dissolved material into
solids, usually a biological floc,
which is then settled out, an
effluent stream of increasing
purity is produced

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The Process

The Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) process consists of

several treatments, including physically, chemically and biologically using microorganisms.

1. Equalization Tank

Equalization Tank or Tank Equalization is a tank in the form of a tank functioned as initial
storage or a tank that receives wastewater originating from the process unit. The
equalization tank has a filter on the feed entry part used to filter impurities dirt that is
involved such as stone, iron and others. Effective capacity ofthe equalization tank is 79 m
3. Also added air equalization tank which comes from the blower, which functions as an
equalizer of the substances dispersed / emulsified. From tank equalization, wastewater are
transferred using the P1011A and P1011B pumps to the pH Adjustment Tank

2. pH Adjustment Tank

pH Adjustment Tank is a tank in the form of a tub that functions as a place to lower the pH
to 2­3 so that the oil included in the feed is easier to separate. To reach this pH, 32% HCl is
added in this tank and stirred using an agitator. By lowering the pH using 32% HCl, the
molecular attraction between oil and water will decrease so that it is easier and more
effective to separate. The substances are separated into 3 parts, namely sludge, water and
light oil. In the pH Adjusment Tank, the sludge is easier to physically separate using the
Lamella Tube Settler. The Lamella Tube Settler consists of cavities and is at the bottom of
the pH Adjustment Tank, so that the sludge is separated by gravity and enters the Sludge
Storage Tank. In this tank, a separate light oil is on the surface so it is skimming it manually.
The following oils and fats are stored in the Oil Pit before being transferred back to the
Oleochemical / Fatty Acid unit. The effective capacity of the pH Adjustment Tank is 16.679
m3. From the pH Adjustment Tank, the next process goes to the Oil & Fat Separator Tank
through the overflow.

3. Oil & Fat Separator Tank

Oil & Fat Separator Tank is a tank that is functioned as a tub as a place to separate the oil
& grease following it back after being separated in the pH Adjustment Tank. Separation will
occur based on specific gravity, ie oil and fat will be on the water. The separation process or
Skimming is also done manually. The skimming results are also stored in the Oil pit before
being transferred back to the Oleochemical / Fatty Acid unit. From the Oil & Fat Separator
tank, waste water is transferred using pumps P1014A and P1014B to the Coagulation Tank.

4
The Process

4. Coagulation Tank
Coagulation Tank is a tank in the form of a tub that functions as a a place of stirring
between the coagulant substance, a substance to neutralize acid levels and wastewater.
This tank uses an agitator so that all the substances stir evenly. The coagulant substance
used is (Poly Aluminum Choride), which functions as a binder for oil / light fat that is
emulsified and dispersed in wastewater because the addition of this substance reduces the
stability of the oil to bind with water. Acid level neutralizing agent used is 48% Natrtium
Hydroxide (NaOH), which functions so that the processed wastewater produces a pH of 7­9
and is stirred using an agitator. The effective capacity of the Coagulation Tank is 3.3 m3.
After that, the flow overflows to the Flocculation Tank.

5. Flocculation Tank

Flocculation Tank is a tank in the form of a tub that functions as a place for adding and
dispersing the flocculating agent into the stream. The flocculating agent used is A­Polymer,
which functions to bind unstable substances (light oil / fat) so that the oil / fat collides with
each other and is easier to separate. After that, do the skimming process manually.
Skimming results are disposed of in the Slude Storage Tank and the effective capacity of
the Flocculation Tank is 3.1 m 3. After that the overflow leads to the Dissolved Air Flotation.

6. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) Tank is a tank in the form of a tub functions as a place for the
separation of light oil / fat that is dispersed in the water with the water itself using the help of
air bubbles. The process of using air bubbles is used because the particle size of the light
oil / fat that is dispersed is very small, so it takes a long time to rise to the surface of the
water. Once separated, the top will contain light oil / fat and skimmed using a skimmer
(automatic). Meanwhile, the water produced is clear water (oil / fat free), but still has a high
COD content. The clear water overflow enters the saturation Tank and straight into the
Aeration Tank. The effective capacity of the DAF Tank is 6.3 m 3.

5
The Process

7. Aeration Tank

Aeration Tank or aeration tub is a tank in the form of a tub functions as a place that is used
to add substances that become food ingredients from microorganisms. The substances
used as food for microorganisms are urea, phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) and air which
functions to increase the amount of oxygen in the flow. The air comes from a blower that is
active as a support for the treatment process. The effective capacity of the aeration tank is
7m 3. From the aeration tank, the water is processed to the Distribution Tank using Pumps
P1025A and P1025B. From the distribution tank, water directly distributed to the Acti
Contact Tank.

8. Acti Contact Tank

Acti Contact Tank is a tank in the form of a tub that functions as a place to lower COD levels
in a biological way or through bacteria which will eat and break down the chemicals in the
water. The Acti Contact Tank is divided into 4 parts, namely Acti Contact 1.1, Acti Contact
1.2, Acti Contact 1.3 and Acti Contact 2. In each Acti Contact, air is transferred through a
blower at a strong rate because the Acti Contact Tank requires a lot of oxygen so that
microorganisms can live and reproduce. At each Acti Contact, a large amount of small foam
is added. The foam is used as a place / home for bacteria to live. Acti Contact 2 also
received streams from Acti Contact 1.1, Acti Contact 1.2 and Acti Contact 1.3 are overflow,
so that the next flow comes from Acti Contact 2 by way of overflow entering the Effluent
Tank. The effective capacity of ActiContact 1.1, Acti Contact 1.2 and Acti Contact 1.3 is 155
m3, while ActiContact 2 is 149 m3.

9. Effluent Tank

Effluent Tank is a tank in the form of a tub that functions as a place for the separation of
entangled foam in the stream and as a place initial storage process. The foam that is
involved in the flow is processed skimming manually and saved to the Sludge Storage
Tank. Then transferred by pump to the T­100 or Storage Tank End at WWTP. From T ­ 100,
the water will be transferred to Water Treatment belongs to Medan Industrial Estate.

10. K ­ Polymer Tank

K ­ Polymer Tank is a tank that functions as a place for to dissolve K ­ Polymer with water.
This mixture is used for improves bonding and more binding between oil / mild fats ones
one another (in order to become one). K ­ The polymer is transferred using a pump to the
Screw Press. Effective capacity of K ­ Polymer Tank is 1.5 m

6
The Process

11. Screw Press

Screw Press is a machine that performs pressing activities sludge, oil / light fat, and others
become cake sludge. Cake Sludge It can be used as fertilizer and can be sold as a raw
material for fertilizers another industry. This pressing activity is assisted by two chemical
substances, namely A ­ Polymers and K ­ Polymers. Both of these substances are used for
bonding and increase the bond between the oils so that they don't easily become sludge
fluids. When the pressure is applied it also produces water, which is where the water is
enter the Return Water, which will then be transferred use your head to the Equalization
Tank.

7
The Process

Dissolved Air Flotation

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a

water treatment process
designed to remove oils, solids,
and greases. In fact, the process
helps clarify wastewaters – and
other waters – by eliminating
different types of suspended
matter

Dissolved air flotation operates on the principal of the transfer of floc to the surface of water
through attachment of air bubbles to the floc. The floc accumulated on the surface, known
as the ‘float’, is skimmed off as sludge. The clarified water is removed from the bottom and
is sometimes called the subnatant or ‘floated’ water. Since rain, snow, wind, freezing could
cause problems with the float, flotation tanks must be fully enclosed in a building; some
users enclose the flocculation tanks as well. The process is particularly suited to treatment
of eutrophic, stored lowland or otherwise algae laden waters and soft, low alkalinity upland
coloured waters. Like all clarification processes flotation performance depends on the
effectiveness of coagulation and flocculation.

In dissolved air flotation (DAF), bubbles are produced when the dissolution of air in water
occurs under very high pressure. In this method, bubbles’ diameter typically ranges
between 10 and 100 μm. Some of the factors that influence the efficiency of this technique
include bubbles’ size, saturator pressure, pH, hydraulic retention time, and recycle flow. To
promote aggregates formation and an increase in microalgal particles’ size (and thus
improve the efficiency of the process), it is possible to use collectors. This method is more
effective than dispersed air flotation because the bubbles produced are smaller than those
produced in dispersed air flotation. However, this method is more expensive, mainly
because it requires pressurized air

8
The Process

Acti­Contact Tank

Acti Contact treatment can define

as a conventional method, which
can separate the solid wastes,
suspended organic matter, soluble
matter and parasites. It is a
biological system that makes the
use of living bacterial flocs to
degrade the organic matter of the
sewage and industrial waste in
aerated bioreactors

Acti Contact Tank is the activated sludge process is an integral process used to treat
wastewater. Air or oxygen is blown into raw sewage. It is most effective for large volumes of
water. Wastewater is mixed and aerated in a special tank. This step in the process occurs
by pumping air or oxygen into the activated sludge tank or using surface aerators. The
process oxidizes organic matters in the wastewater, producing new cells, carbon dioxide,
and water. The sludge particles can then be removed through the process of gravity
settling.

The activated sludge process in the treatment of wastewater involves blowing oxygen or air
into raw, unsettled sewage. This process smashes the solids. The sewage is bubbled, and
sewage liquor is discharged into an activated sludge chamber. Live bacteria settle to the
bottom of the tank and dead bacteria float to the top. Clean water is discharged into a
soakaway or watercourse while the live bacteria return to the digestion chamber.

9
About Plant

The Chemicals

To meet both governmental

regulations and industry
standards for chemical effluents
and pollutants, numerous
wastewater chemical solutions
have been developed. Depending
on the application, one or more
chemical treatments may be
necessary to produce up­to­code
wastewater

Wastewater treatment is a complex process that requires a variety of chemicals

to modify the pH of the water and prevent the release of pollutants, such as
heavy metals, volatile and semi­volatile organic compounds and pesticides into
the surrounding environment. Chemical treatment of wastewater is used by
industries, such as pharmaceutical, energy production, and paper production.
Below we discuss the primary chemicals used in wastewater treatment, and their
common applications.

Chemicals are used:

1. A­Polymer
2. NaOH
3. H3PO4
4. HCl
5. PAC
6. Urea
7. K­Polymer

10 2
 Chemicals Usage
1. A­Polymer

An anionic type flocculant that yielding bigger floc and make it float. Used in
coaggulation tank and screw press.

2. NaOH

Neutralize wastewater pH after decreasing in pH adjustment tank. Used in

coagulation tank

3. H3PO4
As a phospate source (nutrient) for bacteria. Used in acti contact basin.

4. HCl
Decrease wastewater pH and adjusting for better oil­fat separation. Used in pH
adjustment tank

5. PAC
Stand for Poly Aluminium Chloride. This chemical are mainly important as
coagulant for lowering turbidity make the color of waste water more clear and
transparent

6. Urea
As a nitrogen source (nutrient) for bacteria. Used in acti contact basin

7. K­Polymer
A cationic type flocculant that yielding bigger floc and make it float. Used in screw
press

11 2
The Process

Control Parameters
In the waste treatment process, there are several control parameters that
determine the success of the process. This parameter is the standard for the
success of waste treatment and is tested in the laboratory. The test results are
evaluated as a measure of processing success. The parameters are as follows

1. pH
The pH degree of acidity is a universal parameter that is used for measure the intensity of
the acid and base of the solution. The acidity of water is measured by pH meter. Acidity is
determined based on the high and low ion concentration hydrogen in water. The good level
is the level where it is still allows biological life in the water to run well. Wastewater
concentrations that are not neutral will complicate biological processes,
thus interfering with the clearing process. The allowable pH is no more than 8

2. Turbidity
Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. It is an optical characteristic of water
and is a measurement of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when
a light is shined through the water sample. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the
higher the turbidity. Material that causes water to be turbid include clay, silt, very tiny
inorganic and organic matter, algae, dissolved colored organic compounds, and plankton
and other microscopic organisms. There is no standard value for turbidity analysis.

3. Total Suspended Solid

Total suspended solids (TSS) is the dry­weight of suspended particles, that are not
dissolved, in a sample of water that can be trapped by a filter that is analyzed using a
filtration apparatus. It is a water quality parameter used to assess the quality of a specimen
of any type of water or water body, ocean water for example, or wastewater after treatment
in a wastewater treatment plant. Maximum allowable TSS is 350 mg/L.

4. Total Dissolved Solid

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) is defined as the substances remaining after evaporation and
drying of a water samples. The remaining fraction is approximately equivalent to the total
content of the dissolved and suspended in the water sample. Non­filterable residue
corresponds to the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and the filterable residue is the TDS.
Maximum allowable TDS is 4000 mg/L

12
The Process

Control Parameters
5. Total Oil and Grease
Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) is often described as a pollutant since it is discharged in
wastewater causing build­up and subsequent blockage of sewers. Therefore, it is a crucial
parameter in environmental monitoring performed by water suppliers’ laboratories and
environmental authorities. Maximum allowable oil and grase is 15 mg/L

6. Alkalinity
Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of water to neutralize acids (see pH description).
Alkaline compounds in the water such as bicarbonates (baking soda is one type),
carbonates, and hydroxides remove H+ ions and lower the acidity of the water (which
means increased pH). They usually do this by combining with the H+ ions to make new
compounds. Without this acid­neutralizing capacity, any acid added to a stream would
cause an immediate change in the pH. Measuring alkalinity is important in determining a
stream's ability to neutralize acidic pollution from rainfall or wastewater. It's one of the best
measures of the sensitivity of the stream to acid inputs. Maximum allowable alkalinity is 100
mg/L

7. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

The COD value has been developed analogically to the BOD measurement. Since there
are many organics which are rather hard or not possible to decompose biologically, a
parameter has been defined indicating the amount of oxygen which would be needed when
all organic ingredients would be oxidised completely. As, according to the name, the
oxidation takes place chemically, the chemical oxygen demand can only be defined
indirectly. A chemical oxidant is added to the sample in question, the consumption of which
is then determined. The internationally dominant method today is the so­called 'Dichromate'
method [5][6] which is characterized by the acidification of the sample with sulphuric acid
and the addition of silver sulphate. To avoid false measurements in chloride­containing
samples, the chloride must be masked by mercuric sulphate first. Due to the application of
hazardous chemicals and having an analysis time of 2 hours the method is not suitable for
online use. Maximum COD allowed is 900 mg/L.

13
Data

Daily COD Analysis Result

14
Data

Daily COD Analysis Result

15
Data

Monthly Chemicals Consumption

PAC HCl H3PO4

1520 kg 1520 kg 140 kg

Urea NaOH
1950 kg 2900 kg

A­Polymer K­Polymer
30,5 kg 30 kg

Total chemical consumption in January 2021

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