AQA AS biology ticklist 3.1.

2 carbohydrates

Carbohydrates
  Pages
Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. 8

Glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides. 8

A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic 10

bond.

Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides: 10

maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules 10

sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a 10

fructose molecule

lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a 10

galactose molecule.

Glucose has two isomers, α-glucose and β-glucose, with structures: 8

Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many glucose units. 11

Page 1 of 2
AQA AS biology ticklist 3.1.2 carbohydrates

Glycogen and starch are formed by the condensation of α-glucose. 13-14

Cellulose is formed by the condensation of β-glucose. 14

The basic structure and functions of glycogen, starch and cellulose. 13-15

The relationship of structure to function of these substances in animal cells and 13-15
plant cells.

Biochemical tests using Benedict's solution for reducing sugars and non- 8 + 10, 12
reducing sugars and iodine/potassium iodide for starch.

Page 2 of 2