FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

# 33, Sector IV, HSR Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102

SCHOOL CODE: 45175 AFFILIATION NUMBER:830183

Determination of Focal Length of

Convex Lens Using Conjugate Foci
Method

SUBMITTED BY

Shaurya Kapoor

Class XI A

Under the guidance of

Ms. BULTI SAHA

PGT- Physics

Vice Principal Principal

Ms. Clara David Ms. Sneha Rai

Freedom International School Freedom International School

Bangalore Bangalore

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 FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
# 33, Sector IV, HSR Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560102
SCHOOL CODE: 45175 AFFILIATION NUMBER:830183

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Physics Project Report entitled

Project title

was carried out by

Shaurya Kapoor

of Class XI A,

Roll No. 45

A student of FREEDOM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

in partial fulfilment of the Physics Practical Examinations
prescribed by the CBSE during the Academic Year 202324.
I certify that this project has been done by him/her with
his/her own effort under the guidance of the teacher.

Signature of the Teacher in Charge Signature of the Principal

Ms. Bulti Saha Ms. Sneha Rai

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

1. _______________________ __________________________

2. _______________________ __________________________

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my

teacher and project guide Ms. Bulti Saha who gave me this
wonderful opportunity to work on this interesting project,
which required a lot of research and was an excellent learning
experience.

My sincere thanks goes to Ms. Sneha Rai, our Principal, for

her coordination in extending every possible support for the
completion of this project.

I also extend my sincere thanks to our lab assistant, Ms.

Aruna P for her assistance during the project work.

I also thank my parents for their constant motivation and

support.

Last but not least, I would like to thank all those who had
helped me directly or indirectly towards the completion of
this project.

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 INDEX

S.no CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 5

2 AIM 5

3 MATERIALS REQUIRED 6

4 THEORY 6

5 PROCEDURE 7

6 OBSERVATIONS 8

7 RESULTS 8

8 PRECAUTIONS 9

9 SOURCES OF ERROR 9

10 CONCLUSION 9

11 REFERENCES

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 INTRODUCTION

The focal length of a lens, defines its imaging characteristics,

it represents the distance between the lens's optical centre and
its focal point, where parallel rays either converge (for a
converging lens) or appear to diverge from (for a diverging
lens). It is denoted by the symbol
f. A convex lens converges
incoming light rays and it is an
essential component in a variety
of optical instruments, from
magnifying glasses to cameras.
In this experiment, our focus is
on determining the focal length
of a convex lens using the
conjugate foci method.
Conjugate foci are two points on the principal axis of a lens.
For an object placed at one of these points, the image is
formed at the other point.

AIM

To experimentally determine the focal length of a convex lens

using the conjugate foci method.

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 MATERIALS REQUIRED

1. Convex lens
2. Optical bench
3. Object (any distinct object)
4. Screen
5. Meter scale
6. Candle or light source

THEORY

The conjugate foci method is used to determine the focal

length of a lens. It involves adjusting the position of an object
and measuring the corresponding image distance, thus finding
the pair of points on the principal axis for which an object
placed at one of these points, the image is formed at the other
point (i.e. conjugate foci). The distance from the optic centre
of the lens to these points is the object distance (u) and image
distance (v) respectively. To find the focal length (f) we can
apply the lens formula,
1=1–1
f v u

By changing these parameters and applying the lens formula,

we aim to derive the focal length of the convex lens.

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 PROCEDURE

1. Set up the optical bench on a stable surface.

2. Place a light source (candle) at one end of the optical
bench.
3. Fix the lens in a holder at the other end of the bench.
4. Place the object between the lens and the light source.
5. Move the object until a clear and focused image is
obtained on the screen.
6. Measure and record the distance between the lens and the
object. This ss the object distance (u).
7. Measure and record the distance between the lens and the
screen. This is the image distance (v).
8. Repeat the above steps for different positions of the
object, ensuring each time a focused image is obtained
on the screen.

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 OBSERVATIONS

S.n Object Image distance Focal length (f)

o distance (v) 1/f = 1/v – 1/u
(u)
1

Therefore, average focal length = f1 + f2 + f3 = _________

3

RESULT

Therefore, we have obtained the focal length of the convex

lens using conjugate foci method as _______

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 PRECAUTIONS

 Ensure the optical bench is level and stable.

 Handle the lens and optical components with care to
avoid scratches or damage.

SOURCES OF ERROR

 Parallax errors in reading object and image distances.

 Imperfections in the lens or optical bench

CONCLUSION

The experiment successfully determined the focal length of

the convex lens using the conjugate foci method. The focal
length is a critical parameter for understanding the optical
behaviour of the lens and this experiment provides a practical
approach to understand and calculate the focal length of
convex lens.

REFERENCES

byjus.com toppr.com testbook.com

academia.edu wikipedia.org unacademy.com

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