Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES,THEORETICAL

AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Types of Learners According to their Academic Performance.This study

operationally categories learners according to their academic performance using the
following point average levels,and above average learners.Below average learners are
those who consistent get a grade point average of below 80%.Average learners are
those who consistent get a grade point average of 80% to 84%.Above average learners
are those who consistent earn grade pint average of 85% and above.

Students Academic Performance. Students who frequently earn low scores

may not be the real slow learning in the classroom.There might be some factors that
hinder meaningful learning.Some of the said factors could be their learning
preferences,learning environment,or teacher-factor.The findings of the study in an
Investigation On Students Performance for Senior High School in ASMNHS showed
that there were several factors that can contribute toward students low academic
performance ranging from low staff morale,therefore,recommends that high teachers
morale,availability of resources and parental involvement are critical for the
attainment of high quality education in ASMNHS Senior HIGH Schools
(MolokoMphale/Mhlauli,n.d).

Learning Style.Chick (2017) said that learning styles describe how learners
learn new information.Learning preference is a fantasy which is not sustained by
psychological science.Psychologists claimed that administration would just like put
the blame on the teachers or teaching strategies to any students weakness in the ability
to learn (jarret,(2015).

Basely in Dunn (2017) revealed that slow and average learners done well
in school when they optimize on their preferred learning modalities.

Paul (2012) asserted that students conceptualize new information whether

or not they received it verbally,visually,aurally,or a combination of the said
modalities.
Willing ham (2017) started that memories are stored when learner finds its
relevance.Willing ham asserted that memories are not stored simply because they are
seen by visual learners,or touched/felt by kin esthetic learners.

Types Of Learning Styles. Smoop University (2018) stated that Felder-

Silverman learning styles refer to the following: sensing/intuitive,visual,/verbal,
active/reflection, sequential /global.Furthermore, according to smoop (2018), sensors
like problem-solving,experimenting,and using the senses to gather data while intuitive
learners like grappling with new concepts,innovating,and working with symbols.

Furthermore visual learners do well with picture ,diagram and others

things that come in through the eyes, verbal learners do great with discussions and
explanations,active learners do well with active experimentation and real life
situation,reflective learners prefer examining and manipulating information,sequential
learners gain comfort with things in a logically ordered progression and think based
on linear reasoning processes,and global learners prefer to learn through fitting parts
to form a whole (Smoop University, 2018).

However,Spanella (2017) asserted that visual learning style is otherwise

known as spatial learning style.Learners of this mode of learning need images and
other tangible representation of the concept learned.Visual learners are otherwise
known for being spatial learners.

Many people are assured that they learn best by seeing to a lesson or by
comprehension,and so forth,teachers have supported teaching strategies that take
benefit of the variations in the way people learn.But some psychological argued that
learning style makes a difference in the learning environment (Gutert, 2013).

Importance of Learning Style. While grown up learners learn well by

auditory means,children learners require visual and kinesthetic techniques.Learning
style is so important because it explains why other learners are interested in the
lessons presented in the classroom using a kind of teaching method while others are
not.It helps figure out how to optimizing the students strengths in learning
information (Dolin,2017).

Teachers who know the learning styles of the learners are one step ahead
in teaching.Hawksworth (2015) explained that when the learners knows bis learning
style, he can study smarter.

Depeds pollicies supporting students learning style.Dep ed formulated the

LRMDS learning styles of learners (Deped,2018).The LRMDS learning portal
provides numerous varied relevant to K 12 resources that supports various learning
style (Deped,2017).Deped shall hold on.Management system that ranges from the
financial administration aspects of the school management.Result of the study on the
impact of public high school.Management system on academic performance
conducted by trereteli,Martskvishvilli, and Aptarashvilli (2011) in Georgia showed
that school management system predictors are the following variables: democratic
strategies of class management, school board effectiveness,popular-scientific
meetings,and teachers democratic approach to students.

Child-friendly School. Children stay in schools most of their time during

school age.They are prepared for future challenges in life to carry on adults role and
responsibilities when the latter are old,weak and gone to continue humanity's
existence and advancements.Fulfilling the education-related
Millennium.Development goals (MDGS)require not just getting all children in school
entrusted to them by providing safe and protective schools work in the best interest
of the children entrusted to trained teachers,equipped with adequate resources and
graced with appropriate conditions for learning (unicef,n.d.).

The Conceptual Framework Of The Study

 The study is based on Felder and Silverman’s models.The conceptual
framework of this study which is presented in figure 2, relates the variables under
study.The focus is on the learning styles of different type of learners and how each
group responds to teaching.

The school management support in terms of the following: financial

support, teacher training's in the making of learning intervention strategies,child
friendly school,listening to voice of the learners and other stake holders,and cookery
learning materials is the primary independent variables.To carry on this study,learners
from ASMNHS were taken as the respondents,were be classified according to below
average, and average learners according to their grade point average of the first
grading period of school year 2023-24.

Primary Independent:

School management
support in terms of:

 Financial support
 Teacher training in the
making of learning
intervention strategies
 Child friendly school
 Listening to the voice of
the learners and other
stakeholders
 Cookery learning
materials
Dependent Variables:

Academic Performance of students

.Above average
Implemented

Senior High School Students

.Average
.Below average

Senior High School Students Learning Style

.Sensing/intuitive
.Verbal/visual
.Active/reflective
.Sequential/global

Secondary Independent Variable

 Statement of the Problem

This study entitled the Effect of Learning Style and Academic of Performance
in ASMNHS Cookery Students, the primary aims to investigate the learning style
relation to academic performance.

1. What is the demographic profile in terms of the following?

*Name (optional)
*Sex
*Grade and Section
*Track and strand enrolled
*Habit/Study habits
2. How do Learning style to the academic performance of the students of ASMNHS?
3. What are the factors affecting the academic performance of the grade 11 and grade
12 of senior high school students?

Significance of the Study

This research titled the effects of learning style and academic performance in
ASMNHS cookery students among the grade 12 TVL - Cookery students during face
to face classes is beneficial to the following;
School. This study will give them insights as to what measures are appropriate
to be taken in order that the students understanding research in TVL - Cookery and

Research Plan

Initial Research Topic:The Effect Of Learning Style And Academic Performance In

ASMNHS Cooker Students

I. Basic information

A. Complete Name:Kadei G.Gonzaga

B. LRN: 121239110048
C. School and Address:ASMNHS-POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Track and Strand: TVL-Cookery
E. Complete Home Address:POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE

A. Complete Name:Jhon Paul Ballanad

B. LRN: 1212239110007
C. School and Address: ASMNHS-POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Track and Strand: TVL
E. Complete Home Address:POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE

A. Complete Name:Glene Marc O.Florito

B. LRN: 1212470070037
C. School and Address: ASMNHS-POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Track and Strand: TVL-Cookery
E. Complete Home Address:PINAMOPOAN CAPOOCAN LEYTE
A. Complete Name:Carl Jethro Piangco
B. LRN: 121239120268
C. School and Address:ASMNHS-POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Track and Strand:TVL-Cookery
E. Complete Home Address:POB.ZONE II CAPOOCAN LEYTE

A. Complete Name: Angelina O. Florito

B. LRN: 121247120093
C. School and Address:POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Track and Strand: TVL-Cookery
E. Complete Address:PINAMOPOAN CAPOOCAN LEYTE

A. Complete Name: Diana Rose O. Florito

B. LRN: 12124720094
C. School and Address:POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Track and Strand:PINAMOPOAN CAPOOCAN LEYTE
E. Complete Address:PINAMOPOAN CAPOOCAN LEYTE

A. Complete Name:Jerlyn M.Tupaz

B. LRN: 121606090036
C. School and Address:POB.ZONE I CAPOOCAN LEYTE
D. Tracks and Strand:TVL-Cookery
E. Complete Address:PINAMOPOAN CAPOOCAN LEYTE