Extraction of Long and Fine Fibres from the Due-retted

Hemp Stems: Influence of Hackling and Emulsion

Treatment Parameters

by
Prof. Pierre Ouagne
& Team

Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, France

 History of the Fibre

Cultivation of Hemp Harvesting and Retting Scutching - Input

 Fibres are very coarse

and are not good for the Scutching - output
further process. Scutch Fibre
 Fibre Extraction Machine
Feed

Lab grade fibre extraction machine 5th Passage 4th Passage 3rd Passage 2nd Passage 1st Passage

Passage Number
1st Passage 2nd Passage 3rd Passage 4th Passage 5th Passage
Pin Density (Per 1 (Top 5 set) 3 (Top 5 set) 6 (Top 5 set) 14 (Top 5 set) 25 (Top 4 set)
inch)
1.75 (Bottom 5 set) 5 (Bottom 5 set) 1O (Bottom 5 set) 20 (Bottom 5 set) 30 (Middle 3 set)
34 (Bottom 3 set)
Coarse (c) Medium (M) Fine(F)
Scheme of Experiment
Effect of two parameters are studied
i) Pin density
ii) Combing time

Sample ID Parameters studied

Time (min) Passage details
1M3P 3 min (1 min in each pas.) C+M+F
2M3P 6 min (2 min in each pas.) C+M+F
3M3P 9 min (3 min in each pas.) C+M+F
3M2P 6 min (3 min in each pas.) C+M
3M1P 3 min C

Fibre properties studied

i) Tensile properties ii) Kink Band iii) Fibre diameter
Representative Stress-Strain Curves

1200
3M2P
1000 3M1P
Tensile Strength (MPa) 3M3P
800
2M3P

600 1M3P

400

200

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Stress (%)
 Tensile Strength and Modulus of the Hemp Fibres

1000 60

900
 Tensile strength and modulus
50
both are decreases with
800 increases combing time and

Tensile Modulus (GPa)

pin-density in the comb
Tensile Strength (MPa)

700
40
600
 Tensile strength and modulus of
500 30 the hemp fibres extracted
400 manually are 980 ± 352 MPa and
20 52 ± 23 GPa respectively
300

200
10
100

0 0
1M3P 2M3P 3M1P 3M2P 3M3P
Tensile strength Tensile modulus
Kink-band Study

14 0.35
Number of Band (Per 1/3 mm)

12 0.3

Fractional Band Area

10 0.25 Kink band
8 0.2

6 0.15

4 0.1 Kink band

2 0.05
Fractional Band Area = Total band areaΤtotal Fibre area
0 0
1M3P 2M3P 3M1P 3M2P 3M3P
Avarage Number of Band Frctional Band Area
 Studies on Fibre Diameter

3M3P 2M3P 1M3P

Avg. Fibre Diameter : 47.1 µm Avg. Fibre Diameter : 50.14 µm Avg. Fibre Diameter : 51.5 µm
Number of Fibre (<30 mm Dia.) : 614 Number of Fibre (<30 mm Dia.) : 528 Number of Fibre (<30 mm Dia.) : 433
Acceptance Rate : 26.46 % Acceptance Rate : 17.46 % Acceptance Rate : 13.16 %
 Application of Emulsion
Emulsion on scutch hemp fibre can be applied in two ways:

i) Nebulization method ii) Direct Spray method

Hemp Fibres

This method was followed for

this present study
Demerits: Materials to liquor ratio - 1:1
i) inner fibre (of the fibre bundle)
didn’t get enough emulsion
ii) less action time for the emulsion
Scheme of Experiment
Combing parameters
i) Pin density : C + M + F
ii) Combing time : 3 min

Sample ID Parameters studied

Time (min) Passage details Emulsion parameter
3M3P 3 C+M+F -
Aqua treatment 3 C+M+F Water
Ecofil 3 C+M+F Water + 20 % Ecofil
Girofil D/L 3 C+M+F Water + 20 % Girofil D/L
Girofil FM 3 C+M+F Water + 20 % Girofil FM

Fibre properties studied

i) Tensile properties ii) Kink Band iii) Fibre diameter
Effect of Emulsion Treatment on Tensile Properties

1200 60

1000 50  Tensile strength and modulus of

the hemp fibres extracted

Tensile Modulus (GPa)

Tensile Strength(MPa)

800 40 manually are 980 ± 352 MPa and

52 ± 23 GPa respectively
600 30
 Girofil D/L leads to less property loss
400 20

200 10

0 0
2M3P
3M3P Acqua Ecofil treated Girofil D/L Girofil FM
treated treated treated

Tensile Strength Tensile Modulus

Effect of Emulsion Treatment on Kink-Band

16 0.35

14 0.3

Number of Band (Per 1/3 mm)

12

Fractional Band Area

0.25
10
0.2
8
0.15
6
0.1
4

2 0.05

0 0
3M3P Acqua Ecofil Girofil D/L Girofil FM
treated treated treated treated
Avarage Number of Band Fractional Band Area
 Effect of Emulsion Treatment on Fibre Dia
GIROFIL DL ECOFIL DL Aqua treated

Avg. Fibre Diameter : 36.1 µm Avg. Fibre Diameter : 49.4 µm

3M3P Avg. Fibre Diameter : 50.4 µm
Number of Fibre (<30 mm Dia.) : 614 Number
Avg. Fibre of Fibre (<30
Diameter mmµm
: 47.1 Dia.) : 584 Number of Fibre (<30 mm Dia.) : 648
Acceptance Rate : 28 % Acceptance
Number Rate(<30
of Fibre : 21.34
mm%Dia.) : 614 Acceptance Rate : 14.39 %
Acceptance Rate : 26.46 %
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