GASTRO ENTERITIS

BY Majara
  At the end of this presentation, learners should be able to
 Define gastro enteritis
 Outline causes and signs and symptoms of gastro enteritis
Gastro
 Describe the predisposing factor of gastro enteritis
enteritis  Discuss the basic nursing management and prevention of gastro
enteritis
 Discuss the pharmacological management of gastro enteritis
  Is an increase in the water content of stool or vomiting as a result
Definition of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and
intestinal tract
  VIRAL INFECTION : norovirus and rotavirus
Causes  BACTERIAL INFECTION : Salmonella, E.coli and campylobacter
 Parasitic infection : giardiasis, amoebiasis
  Diarrhea
 Vomiting
 Abdominal pain
Signs and  Fever

Symptoms  Loss of appetite

 Headache
 Weight loss
  Age :children are at risk because they don’t wash their hands
properly after visiting the toilet
 Eating contaminated food
Predisposing  Being in contact with infected individual
Factor  Eating a lot of acidic food like citrus fruit and tomatoes
 Medication : certain medications such as antibiotics, laxatives
 Ingestion of raw meat , seafood or shellfish
  Children should be taught how to wash their hands
 Infected people should stay indoors to avoid being in contact
with other people and passing the virus
 Intravenous (IV) fluids therapy may be necessary for rapid
Rehydration
Basic  Give a child an Oral Rehydration Solution

Management  Children’s toys and feeding bottles should always be cleaned

 People should be give a diet with high in Fibre as it help to harden
Of Gastro the stool
Enteritis  Preparation of Oral Rehydration Solution at home
1. 2 head teaspoon of sugar
2. Pinch twist salt
3. 1000ml of boiled water
  Stool culture :this test can help to identify the presence of
Diagnostic Test bacteria or viruses in the stool that may be causing the infection
  People should avoid contaminated food and water
 Frequent hand washing with soap and water
 People should avoid swimming in contaminated water
Prevention
 Food safety :cover the pots which containing food with the
box
 Personal hygiene practices are helpful for prevention of
infections
  Dehydration : this happens when one losses more fluids than they
take in
 When a patient is dehydrated can be seen with dry skin and lips
,tiredness and thirsty, hallucination , loss of coordination,and vital
signs change to abnormal

Complications
 Drug Indication Contraindicatio Side effect
n

Metronidazole Infection of Pregnant Constipation

(Flagyl) bacterial woman

Pharmacology
Ciprofloxacin Systemic Hypersensitive Itchiness
symptoms to ciprofloxacin Numbness
associated with
bloody diarrhea

Loperamide Chronic Patient with Constipation

diarrhea liver disease and
kidney disease