Biology MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer

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Biology Question 1:

Biolistic (gene gun) is suitable for

1. disarming pathogen vectors

2. transformation of plant cell
3. constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors
4. DNA fingerprinting

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : transformation of plant cell

Biology Question 1 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Transformation is a process of taking exogenous genetic material by the cell

through its cell membrane.
There are different methods used for the uptake of genetic material.

Explanation:

Option 1:

If a particular pathogen is used as a vector, they are disarmed before being used.
Disarmed pathogen means that they have lost their ability to cause disease.
For example, this method is used when Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a
vector.

Option 2:

Biolistic or gene gun is a suitable method used for the incorporation of exogenous
DNA into the cell. This is known as transformation.
The particles are coated with the heavy metals along with the gene of interest
and these total particles can be targeted into the host cell by mechanical pressure.

Option 3:

Ligase is an enzyme used to join DNA fragments.

They join the breaks in phosphodiester bonds during DNA damage and repair.

Option 4:

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 DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify a person based on nucleotide
sequences that are unique to an individual.
It is used to find out the child’s parents, suspect of a crime, etc.

Biology Question 2:

The first Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3) Containment Mobile Laboratory to strengthen the
healthcare infrastructure of South Asia was inaugurated at which place?

1. Mumbai
2. Nashik
3. Pune
4. New Delhi

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Nashik

Biology Question 2 Detailed Solution

Key Points

India’s first Biosafety Level 3 Mobile Laboratory was inaugurated in Nashik.

Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar
inaugurated the first Biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) containment Mobile Laboratory of
South Asia in the Nasik district of Maharashtra.
The mobile laboratory has been set up to investigate newly emerging and re-
emerging viral infections that are highly infectious and of lethal potential to human
beings.
the mobile Lab will help in real-time data collection which will enable us to ensure
quick containment and preventing further spread of any emerging viral infections.
The laboratory has been designed and built by Indian Council of Medical
Research in collaboration with Mumbai based bio-safety equipment maker
Klenzaids.
The existing infrastructure of BSL-3 laboratories is fixed and dependent on
transporting samples from near and far locations, often leading to delays in
diagnosis. In view of repeated outbreaks of highly infectious pathogens like Nipah,
Zika, Avian influenza and now COVID-19, it is critical to be able to detect the
emerging pidemics/pandemics at a very early stage to enable quick containment
and preventing spread.
The laboratory is airtight, access-controlled, bio-decontaminable, fitted with safe
change HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Absorbing) filtration and biological liquid
waste decontamination system, giving it the tag of BSL-3 Enhanced. The lab is
controlled through an intelligent control automation system, which maintains the
working environment under negative air pressure, maintains equipment parameters
and records all necessary data

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 This laboratory will be able to access remote and forested areas of the country
where specially trained scientists from ICMR can investigate outbreaks using
samples from humans and animal sources. These activities will ensure timely and
on-site diagnosis with rapid turnaround time for reporting these outbreaks.

Biology Question 3:

Match the tasks given in Group I with the associated techniques conventionally used as
listed in Group II.

Group I Group II

P. Ploidy analysis 1. Density-gradient centrifugation

Q. Profiling DNA methylation 2. Exome sequencing

R. Identifying non-coding RNAs 3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization

S. Identifying SNPs 4. Bisulfite sequencing

1. P - 4; Q - 3; R - 2; S - 1
2. P - 4; Q - 2; R - 1; S - 3
3. P - 4; Q - 2; R - 3; S - 1
4. P - 3; Q - 4; R - 1; S - 2

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : P - 3; Q - 4; R - 1; S - 2

Biology Question 3 Detailed Solution

Key Points

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 Fluorescence in situ hybridization is used for ploidy analysis.
Flow cytometry analysis of ploidy involves staining nuclei from cells with a
fluorescent dye that binds to DNA and analyzing samples such that a
histogram plot distinguishes different ploidy patterns based on DNA content.
These ploidy measurements can be used to select for plant progeny with
different desired traits
Exome sequencing is used for Identifying SNPs.
Whole exome sequencing is a type of genetic sequencing increasingly used to
understand what may be causing symptoms or a disease.
Genetic testing has already been used for a long time in some health areas,
such as cancer diagnosis and prenatal screening.
Density-gradient centrifugation is used for Identifying non-coding RNAs.
Density gradient centrifugation, developed by Brakke (1951, 1960), is a
method that can be used for both isolation and assay of plant viruses.
It has proved to be a highly versatile technique and has been widely used in
the fields of virology and molecular biology
Bisulfite sequencing is used for Profiling DNA methylation.
Bisulfite sequencing is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA before routine
sequencing to determine the pattern of methylation. DNA methylation was the
first discovered epigenetic mark, and remains the most studied

Biology Question 4:

The blood-vessel containing deoxygenated blood is

1. Pulmonary vein
2. Pulmonary artery
3. Aorta
4. Capillary

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Pulmonary artery

Biology Question 4 Detailed Solution

Key Points

Concept:
In a closed blood circulation system three types of blood vessels are present:
Arteries: These carry pure oxygenated blood from the heart to different organs
of the body.
Veins: These carry impure deoxygenated blood from body organs to the heart.
Capillaries: These are present in organs, and these are the vessels through
which exchange takes place.

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 Explanation:

All the arteries carry pure blood except the pulmonary artery which carries
impure blood.
The pulmonary artery takes impure deoxygenated blood into the lungs from
the right ventricle.
Here the blood goes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes
oxygenated as part of the respiration cycle.

Biology Question 5:

Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 was first enacted to tackle which disease in Mumbai in
former British India ?

1. Maleria
2. Bubonic Plague
3. Cholera
4. Jaundice

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Bubonic Plague

Biology Question 5 Detailed Solution

Key PointsThe Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897

It is a law which was first enacted to tackle bubonic plague in Mumbai

(formerly Bombay) in former British India.
The law is meant for containment of epidemics by providing special powers that are
required for the implementation of containment measures to control the spread of
the disease.
On 22 April 2020, the Government of India announced the promulgation of an
ordinance, 'The Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020', to amend the
act, adding provisions to punish those attacking doctors or health workers.
The ordinance allows for up to seven years of jail for attacking doctors or health
workers (including ASHA workers).
The offense will be cognizable and non-bailable among other things.

Additional Information

Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague and is caused by the bite of an
infected flea.
Plague bacillus, Y. pestis, enters at the bite and travels through the lymphatic
system to the nearest lymph node where it replicates itself.
The lymph node then becomes inflamed, tense and painful, and is called a 'bubo'.

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Biology Question 6

Ribosomes are sites for

1. Protein synthesis
2. Photosynthesis
3. Fat synthesis
4. Respiration

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Protein synthesis

Biology Question 6 Detailed Solution

Key Points

Ribosomes are membranous granular structures present in the cytoplasm.

They were first observed under an electron microscope as dense particles
by George Palade in the year 1953.
Ribosomes are the site for ''protein synthesis'' so they are also called the ''protein
factory'' of the cell.
There are two types of ribosomes

1. Eukaryotic ribosomes - 80s - occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell

2. Prokaryotic ribosomes - 70s - occur in the cytoplasm as well as are associated
with the cell membrane of prokaryotic cell.

The subunits of the ribosomes are:

80s ribosomes - are made of 60s and 40s subunits.
70s ribosomes - are made of 50s and 30s subunits.

Important Points

Composition of the structure of ribosome:

They are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins

Type Composition

70s 60% rRNA + 40% proteins

80s 40% rRNA + 60% proteins

Additional Information
Photosynthesis: It is the process by which green plants and some other organisms
use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. In this process,
plant the chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and release oxygen.
Synthesis of Fatty acids occurs in the cytoplasm.

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Biology Question 7

Among the following statements which is/are correct?

1. Plants convert energy from sunlight into food stored as carbohydrates

2. Plants have chlorophyll

3. Plant cells do not have cell walls

1. Only 1 is correct
2. Only 1 and 2 are correct
3. Only 1 and 3 are correct
4. All are correct

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Only 1 and 2 are correct

Biology Question 7 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Photosynthesis:

The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.

It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight.
This energy is used to synthesise (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water.
Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called
photosynthesis.

In the presence of sunlight Carbon dioxide + water → Carbohydrate + oxygen.

Some plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis.

The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as

6CO2 + 6H2O + Sun-Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Plant cells have a cell wall to protect them and make them rigid structure.

Additional Information

In the plant cells, there are different components and organelles for specific functions-

Cell Wall – It is a rigid layer composed of cellulose. It is the outermost layer of the
cell, below this cell membrane is present. The primary function of the cell wall is to
protect and provide structural support to the cell.
Cell Membrane – It is a semi-permeable membrane that helps in regulating and the
substance for entry and exit inside and outside the cell.

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 Nucleus – It is a vital part of the cell as it contains all the information or DNA of the
cell and their heredity information for growth and cell division.
Vacuole – Most of the part of the plant cell is occupied by the vacuole. It is
surrounded by Tonoplast. The vital role of the vacuole is to provide support again
the pressure of the cell wall.
Golgi apparatus – They act as a transport system in the cell, as they transport
various molecules to a different part of the cell.
Ribosomes – They are the sites of protein synthesis, also termed as the protein
factory of the cell.
Mitochondrion – They break the complex molecules and produce energy and hence
called the powerhouse of the cell.
Lysosomes – They are termed suicidal bags as they hold the enzymes that are
capable to digest the whole cell itself.

Biology Question 8

Which of the following organism breathes from skin?

1. Snake
2. Earthworm
3. Monkey
4. Humans

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Earthworm

Biology Question 8 Detailed Solution

An earthworm is a tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum Annelida. They

are commonly found living in soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter.

Biology Question 9

Which juice secreted by the organs in the alimentary canal plays an important role in the
digestion of fats?

1. Pancreatic juice, saliva

2. Hydrochloric acid, mucus
3. Bile juice, Pancreatic juice
4. Saliva, hydrochloric acid

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Bile juice, Pancreatic juice

Biology Question 9 Detailed Solution

Key Points

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 Bile juice, Pancreatic juice secreted by the organs plays an important role in the
digestion of fats.
Bile juice is secreted by the liver.
It does not contain any types of enzymes.
The bile juice helps to make the food alkaline and break down the fat
molecules.
Pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas.
It contains enzymes like amylase, trypsin, pancreatic lipase,
nucleases, amylase, and lipase.
Secretion of the Pancreatic juice is regulated by the hormones secretin and
cholecystokinin.
Lipase is the digestive enzyme of fat.
Ptyalin is the digestive enzyme of the Saliva.
Hydrochloric acid is produced naturally in the human stomach to help the
digestion of food.

Biology Question 10

Which of the following aquatic animals does NOT have gills?

1. Octopus
2. Squid
3. Clown fish
4. Whale

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Whale

Biology Question 10 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Whale.

Key Points

Gills are respiratory organs found in most aquatic organisms.

Gills can extract dissolved oxygen from water and excrete carbon dioxide.
Gills can be found in Octopus, Squid, Clownfish, Tadpole, Prawn, etc.
Lungs are the breathing organ of Whales.

Respiratory organs of different Animals:

Animal Respiratory Organ

Earthworm Skin.

Whale Lungs

Spider, Scorpion Booklungs.

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 Animal Respiratory Organ

Cockroach Trachea.

Tadpole, Fish, Prawn Gills

Frog Skin, Lungs, Buccal cavity

Amphibians, mammals, and birds Lungs.

Biology Question 11

Which of the following organelles shows similarity to a prokaryotic cell?

1. Mitochondria only
2. Chloroplast only
3. Both chloroplast and mitochondria
4. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Both chloroplast and mitochondria

Biology Question 11 Detailed Solution

Concept:

Theory of endosymbiosis

Symbiotic relationship, where one organism lives inside the other, is known as
endosymbiosis.

The theory proposed that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from engulfed
prokaryotes.

A large anaerobic bacteria engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed

an endosymbiotic relationship with the host, gradually developing into a
mitochondrion.

It is believed that chloroplasts originated from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont.

Explanation:

Similarities between Prokaryotic cells, Mitochondria, and Chloroplast:

Mitochondria and chloroplast are of the same size as prokaryotic cells.

Mitochondria and prokaryotic cells both have their own circular DNA.

The ribosome of bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have a 70S type of

ribosome.

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 Divides by binary fission.

Characters Prokaryotic cell Mitochondria Chloroplast

Extra present present present

Circular
DNA

Ribosomes 70s 70s 70s

Replication Binary fission Binary fission Binary fission

Size 1 to 10 micrometre 1 to 10 micrometre 1 to 10 micrometre

Appearance about 1.5 billion about 1.5 billion years about 1.5 billion years
on earth years ago ago ago

Electron Found in the plasma Found in the plasma Found in the plasma
transport membrane of the membrane of membrane of
system cell mitochondria Chloroplast

Which of the following helps in the blood clotting?

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin D
3. Vitamin K
4. Folic acid

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Vitamin K

Biology Question 12 Detailed Solution

Vitamin K is a vitamin found in leafy green vegetables, broccoli, and Brussels

sprouts.
In the body, vitamin K plays a major role in blood clotting. So it is used to
reverse the effects of “blood-thinning” medications when too much is given; to
prevent clotting problems in newborns who don’t have enough vitamin K, and to
treat bleeding caused by medications.

What is the cell wall of a plant made of ?

1. Cellulose
2. Carbohydrates
3. Lipids
4. Lipoprotein

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

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Option 1 : Cellulose

Biology Question 13 Detailed Solution

Key Points

Cellulose is the most abundant macromolecule on Earth.

Cellulose fibers are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules.
These fibres aggregate into bundles of about 40, which are called microfibrils.

Additional Information

Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches, and fibres found in fruits, grains,
vegetables, and milk products.
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and
oxygen (O) atoms.
Lipids are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of
the structure and function of living cells.
A lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport
hydrophobic lipid also known as fat molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other
extracellular fluids.
It consists of a Triglyceride and Cholesterol centre, surrounded by a
phospholipid outer shell, with the hydrophilic portions oriented outward
towards the surrounding water and lipophilic portions oriented inward toward
the lipid centre.

The outer whorl is called the ________, and consists of the sepals.

1. Calyx
2. Corolla
3. Androecium
4. Gynaecium

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Calyx

Biology Question 14 Detailed Solution

Key Points

Flowers contain the plant’s reproductive structures.

A typical flower has four main parts - or whorls - known as the calyx, corolla,
androecium, and gynoecium.
The outermost whorl of the flower has green, leafy structures known as sepals.
The sepals, collectively called the calyx, help to protect the unopened bud.

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Important Points

The second whorl is comprised of petals - usually, brightly coloured - collectively

called the corolla.
The number of sepals and petals varies depending on whether the plant is a
monocot or dicot.
In monocots, petals usually number three or multiples of three; in dicots, the
number of petals is four or five, or multiples of four and five.
Together, the calyx and corolla are known as the perianth.
The third whorl contains the male reproductive structures and is known as the
androecium.
The androecium has stamens with anthers that contain the microsporangia.
The innermost group of structures in the flower is the gynoecium, or the female
reproductive component(s).
The carpel is the individual unit of the gynoecium and has a stigma, style, and
ovary.
A flower may have one or multiple carpels.

In which stage of meiosis does synapsis take place?

1. Leptotene
2. Pachytene
3. Zygotene
4. Metaphase I

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Zygotene

Biology Question 15 Detailed Solution

Concept:

The cell is the basic unit of life. Life arises from pre-existing cells. Cells grow and
multiply to form a diversity of life forms, this process of growth and multiplication of
cells is called Cell Division.
Cell division is of three types:

1. Mitosis - Equational division, occurs in somatic (non-sex) cells

2. Meiosis - Reducttional division, occurs in sex cells
3. Amitosis - Direct type of division, occurs in prokaryotes

Meiosis can be further divided into two stages - Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Explanation:

Prophase I of Meiosis I has 5 sub-stages

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis.

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 The Zygotene stage is characterized by the pairing of homologous chromosomes
called the ''Synapsis''
The pairs of homologous chromosomes are called Bivalents.
There develops a structure between the homologous chromosomes called
the synaptonemal complex. It is a tripartite structure i.e. it is made up of 3 thick lines
of DNA and protein.

Additional Information

Leptotene: During leptotene, the chromatin condenses to form the

chromosomes. Chromosomes are the longest and thinnest in this stage.
Pachytene: This stage is characterized by the occurrence of crossing over. Non-
sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes exchange their genetic parts.
Metaphase I: The first metaphase of meiosis characterized by the alignment of
paired chromosomes along the center (metaphase plate) of a cell, which ensures
that two complete copies of chromosomes are present in the resulting two daughter
cells of meiosis I.

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