Reduced Inequalities

College of St.
John – Roxas
Member: Association of LASSSAI- Accredited Superschools (ALAS)
Gov. Atila Balgos Ave., Banica, Roxas City
College of Nursing
In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in
GE 108 CONTEMPORARY WORLD
TERM PAPER
REDUCED INEQUALITIES
Submitted by:
Dolfo, Juvic
Dela Cruz, Rica Mae B.
Submitted To:
Rey Niel T. Alavaren RN, LPT
Clinical Instructor
School Year: 2023-2024

College of St. John – Roxas
I. INTRODUCTION
Inequalities in the society can be reduced by empowering people and ensuring
inclusiveness. Even though there have been important advances made since 2000 in
lifting people out of poverty, inequalities and large disparities still remain in income
and wealth, and also in access to food, healthcare, education, land, clean water, and
other resources essential for people to live a full and dignified life. Some societal
groups including those in rural areas, women, young people, people with disabilities,
indigenous people and others have persistently clustered at the bottom of
distributions. The real wage growth has been constantly declining since 2015. Also,
the warming climate, demographic change, decent work deficits, political crises,
technological change, and conflict risks are likely to exacerbate inequalities if actions
are not taken toward equality in both opportunities and outcomes. Education,
healthcare, job opportunities, basic commodities, and political participation needs to
be structured so that everyone can equally have access without prejudice.
The agenda to reduce inequality within and among countries –and its role in
advancing calls for an equitable, tolerant, open, and socially inclusive world in which
the needs of the most vulnerable are met. Venues for reducing inequality. Reducing
inequality in opportunities and outcomes features throughout in the 2030 Agenda.

II. BODY
Reducing inequality (World Bank 2019). Reducing inequalities is a crucial
component of achieving sustainable development.
According to the Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology (p.286), inequality is
defined as "the unequal distribution of opportunities, rewards and power among and
between individuals, households and groups". Inequality within and among countries
is a persistent cause for concern. Despite some positive signs toward reducing
inequality in some dimensions, such as reducing relative income inequality in some
countries and preferential trade status benefiting lower-income countries, inequality
still persists. Wherein inequalities in income, education, healthcare, gender, and other
areas persist globally, posing significant challenges to social cohesion, economic
growth, and environmental sustainability.
This paper explores the concept of reduced inequalities and goal addresses
inequalities among countries and calls for support for safe migration and mobility of
people or/ examine their impacts on societies and economies, analyzes current efforts
and challenges in addressing them, and provides recommendations for future action.
Throughout the world, there are still differences in wealth, sex, age, disability, sexual
orientation, color, class, ethnicity, religion, and opportunity.
Long-term social and economic progress is threatened by inequality, which
also undermines efforts to reduce poverty and undermines people's feelings of

fulfillment and self-worth. Crime, illness, and environmental damage can then result
from this. We are not able to attain sustainable development could improve the world
for everyone if individuals are left out of the possibility of a better life.
Additionally, despite some encouraging developments, inequality is rising for
over 70% of the world's population, increasing the likelihood of conflicts and
impeding economic growth. and advancement in society. Moreover, COVID-19 is
primarily affecting the most vulnerable individuals and communities are frequently
subjected to more discrimination.
In sociology, there are two main questions concerning the distribution of
inequalities which are inequalities of outcomes (who gets what?) and inequalities of
opportunities (who does what?). From different fields will have different opinions
regarding which types of inequalities are more prominent than others.
Generally, these are the following types of inequalities includes income,
wealth, occupations, health, status, and legal and social rights. Besides highlighting
the various types of existing inequalities, examining how they operate differently
across multiple dimensions is important. Where inequality can be caused by
discrimination. We have multiple dimensions of inequality such as economic
inequality, racial and ethnic inequality, gender inequality, and disability
discrimination.
Firstly, according to Karl Max and Max Weber, they believed that economic
and status inequalities (in the form of their relationship to the means of production)
characterize modern society, that a person's life chances are structurally determined
by their class position, which is literally true that leads to discrimination and poverty.
Secondly, inequality is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities
in a given society.
Thirdly, ethnic minorities experience higher levels of poverty and are
therefore subjected to poorer levels of health, lower educational outcomes, and
vulnerability when it comes to poverty and unemployment.
Women face higher healthcare charges and more likely to suffer from non-
fatal, chronic conditions. While girls tend to perform better than boys at school, they
do not enjoy the same freedoms in the workplace. This is a result of the dual burden
of housework and career. The elderly have to work longer to sustain themselves, but
are vulnerable to unemployment as young workers are generally preferred. There is
also disability discrimination that people with disabilities face ableism in healthcare,
education, and work resulting in lower performance expectations, lower likelihood of
career advancements, and increased vulnerability to poverty.
As the case with other dimensions of inequality, illnesses are often
downplayed by medical health professionals when it comes to minority groups. As
such, people with disabilities often experience health disparities not because of their
condition, but because of the inherent, unrecognized ableism of individuals and
institutions. Another common occurrence is that, even if they do obtain their degrees,
people with disabilities are often deterred from advancing in their careers due to
discrimination from employers.
This discrimination is prevalent in many forms, including: (1) a lack of anti-
discrimination laws, (2) issues of accessibility (such as wheelchair ramps), (3)
prejudiced hiring practices, (4) lower performance expectations, and (5) negative
stereotypes. According to Mike Oliver and Colin Barnes (2010) study the struggles
that people with disabilities face in finding meaningful inclusion in the workplace.
People with disabilities are much more vulnerable to poverty, as many only live on
government disability support.
It's extremely important not to forget that the various dimensions of inequality
intersect to create unique life chances and experiences. For example, a lower-class,
white woman with a disability will be subject to very different life chances than an
upper-class, Black man with no disability. So, let's remember to consider that these
social dimensions don't act alone - that experiences of inequality are complex and
should be studied as such.
Based on the studies, different dimensions of inequality affect people in their
cultural, economic, social, and political lives. Inequalities also impact people’s life
chances in that they often have different levels of access to the opportunities and
resources that are valued by society. And inequality can be caused by discrimination
and structural disadvantages.
III. CONLUSION
Inequalities need to reduce within the country, and this will have a cascading
effect on reduction of inequalities worldwide. Warming climate, demographic change,
decent work deficits, political crises, technological change, and conflict risks are the
major contributors worsening world inequality scenario. inequality calls for an
equitable, tolerant, open, and socially inclusive world, a lot more efforts are required
at all fronts to effectively tackle it. Access to education, healthcare, job opportunities,
basic commodities, and political participation can considerably bridge the inequalities
in society. a key enabler to reduce inequalities. Education officials, policymakers,
educators, curriculum developers, and others are called upon globally to rethink
education and contribute to the achievement.
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
A diversified strategy that takes into account the many aspects of inequality is
needed to reduce inequality. The following are some recommendations across various
domains:
 Policy interventions that apply progressive taxation policies to redistribute
wealth and reduce inequality;
 Enact legislation to ensure equal pay for equal work and eliminate wage gaps
based on gender and race;
 Expand access to quality education and healthcare for all, regardless of
socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, age, or disability.
 Create targeted programs to address specific forms of inequality, such as youth
unemployment initiatives or disability accommodation funds.
 Strengthen labor laws to protect workers' rights and improve working
conditions, including workplace safety standards and minimum wage
regulations;
 Foster entrepreneurship and innovation in underserved communities by
providing access to startup capital, mentorship, and business incubation
services.
 Invest in job creation programs and vocational training initiatives to provide
opportunities for disadvantaged groups to enter the workforce.
 Ensure that economic development initiatives prioritize inclusive growth and
equitable distribution of resources, particularly in marginalized regions.
 Implement affirmative action programs to promote diversity and inclusion in
public services, employment, and education; and invest in social safety nets,
such as housing assistance, healthcare subsidies, and unemployment benefits,
to support vulnerable populations.

 Improve access to justice for marginalized groups by providing legal aid
services, facilitating alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, and reducing
barriers to court proceedings.
 Strengthen anti-discrimination laws and enforcement mechanisms to protect
the rights of vulnerable populations and hold perpetrators of discrimination
accountable.
 Advocate for fair trade practices, debt relief, and development assistance
programs that benefit low-income countries and marginalized populations.
 Provide anti-discrimination training for educators, employers, healthcare
providers, and other professionals to combat stereotypes and biases.

V. GLOSSARY
Fair Taxation - A system of taxation that aims to distribute the tax burden equitably
based on individuals' ability to pay, often by implementing progressive tax rates were
higher-income individuals pay a larger proportion of their income in taxes.
Equal Pay Laws - Legislation that mandates equal pay for equal work regardless of
gender, ethnicity, or other protected characteristics, aiming to eliminate wage
disparities between different demographic groups.
Labor Regulations - Rules and standards set by governments to protect workers'
rights, ensure safe and healthy working conditions, and regulate aspects of
employment such as wages, hours, and benefits.
Affirmative Action Programs - Policies and initiatives designed to address historical
discrimination and promote diversity and inclusion by giving preferential treatment to
underrepresented groups in areas such as employment, education, and contracting.
Diversity and Inclusion - The practice of recognizing, respecting, and valuing
differences among individuals and groups, including differences in race, ethnicity,

gender, sexual orientation, disability, age, and socioeconomic status, with the goal of
creating environments where everyone feels respected and included.
Anti-Discrimination Training - education and awareness programs aimed at
reducing biases, stereotypes, and discriminatory behaviors by providing individuals
with knowledge, skills, and strategies to promote equality and respect for diversity.
Local Initiatives and Organizations - Grassroots efforts and community-based
groups working to address social issues and improve the well-being of local
communities through advocacy, service delivery, and community development
projects.
Collaboration - cooperative efforts among different stakeholders, including
government agencies, nonprofit organizations, businesses, and community members,
to achieve common goals and address complex social challenges through shared
resources, expertise, and decision-making.
Empowerment - is the process of enabling individuals and communities to gain
control over their lives, make informed choices, and take collective action to improve
their circumstances and address systemic barriers to equality and justice.

Job Opportunities - Employment prospects and openings available to individuals
seeking work are often created through economic development initiatives, job training
programs, and public-private partnerships aimed at stimulating job growth and
reducing unemployment.
Vocational Training - education and skill-building programs designed to prepare
individuals for specific occupations or trades, providing them with the knowledge,
competencies, and credentials needed to succeed in the workforce.
Entrepreneurship - is the practice of starting, owning, and operating one's own
business venture, often characterized by innovation, risk-taking, and creativity, with
the potential to generate economic opportunities, create jobs, and drive social change.
Anti-Discrimination Laws - legal statutes and regulations that prohibit
discrimination based on protected characteristics such as race, color, national origin,
religion, sex, age, disability, or other factors in various contexts such as employment,
housing, education, and public accommodations.
Access to Justice - The principle that all individuals should have equal opportunities
to seek and obtain remedies for legal grievances and access to fair and impartial legal
processes, regardless of their socioeconomic status, identity, or circumstances.

Sustainable Development - Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, often
focusing on balancing economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental
stewardship to achieve long-term prosperity and well-being.
Fair Trade - A trading partnership based on principles of equity, transparency, and
respect, aiming to empower marginalized producers and workers in developing
countries by ensuring fair wages, safe working conditions, and environmental
sustainability in the production and sale of goods
VI. REFERENCES
AfDB (2019) Article on African Development Bank’s digital skills training benefits
women published on African Development Bank (AfDB). 13 Dec 2019.
https://www.afdb.org/en/success-stories/african-development-banks-digital-skills-
training-benefits-women-33223. Accessed 4 Jul 2020
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/inequality/

Reduced Inequalities

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Reduced Inequalities

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

College of St.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in

GE 108 CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Dela Cruz, Rica Mae B.

Rey Niel T. Alavaren RN, LPT

School Year: 2023-2024

Inequalities in the society can be reduced by empowering people and ensuring

indigenous people and others have persistently clustered at the bottom of

healthcare, job opportunities, basic commodities, and political participation needs to

be structured so that everyone can equally have access without prejudice.

inequality in opportunities and outcomes features throughout in the 2030 Agenda.

Reducing inequality (World Bank 2019). Reducing inequalities is a crucial

component of achieving sustainable development.

According to the Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology (p.286), inequality is

inequality in some dimensions, such as reducing relative income inequality in some

countries and preferential trade status benefiting lower-income countries, inequality

areas persist globally, posing significant challenges to social cohesion, economic

growth, and environmental sustainability.

orientation, color, class, ethnicity, religion, and opportunity.

Long-term social and economic progress is threatened by inequality, which

also undermines efforts to reduce poverty and undermines people's feelings of

Additionally, despite some encouraging developments, inequality is rising for

impeding economic growth. and advancement in society. Moreover, COVID-19 is

subjected to more discrimination.

In sociology, there are two main questions concerning the distribution of

regarding which types of inequalities are more prominent than others.

Generally, these are the following types of inequalities includes income,

across multiple dimensions is important. Where inequality can be caused by

discrimination. We have multiple dimensions of inequality such as economic

inequality, racial and ethnic inequality, gender inequality, and disability

Secondly, inequality is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities

Thirdly, ethnic minorities experience higher levels of poverty and are

therefore subjected to poorer levels of health, lower educational outcomes, and

vulnerability when it comes to poverty and unemployment.

are vulnerable to unemployment as young workers are generally preferred. There is

education, and work resulting in lower performance expectations, lower likelihood of

career advancements, and increased vulnerability to poverty.

As the case with other dimensions of inequality, illnesses are often

downplayed by medical health professionals when it comes to minority groups. As

condition, but because of the inherent, unrecognized ableism of individuals and

discrimination from employers.

This discrimination is prevalent in many forms, including: (1) a lack of anti-

discrimination laws, (2) issues of accessibility (such as wheelchair ramps), (3)

government disability support.

should be studied as such.

Based on the studies, different dimensions of inequality affect people in their

and structural disadvantages.

effect on reduction of inequalities worldwide. Warming climate, demographic change,

major contributors worsening world inequality scenario. inequality calls for an

in society. a key enabler to reduce inequalities. Education ofﬁcials, policymakers,

education and contribute to the achievement.

 Policy interventions that apply progressive taxation policies to redistribute

wealth and reduce inequality;

based on gender and race;

 Expand access to quality education and healthcare for all, regardless of

socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, age, or disability.

 Create targeted programs to address specific forms of inequality, such as youth

unemployment initiatives or disability accommodation funds.

 Strengthen labor laws to protect workers' rights and improve working

conditions, including workplace safety standards and minimum wage

 Foster entrepreneurship and innovation in underserved communities by

providing access to startup capital, mentorship, and business incubation

 Invest in job creation programs and vocational training initiatives to provide