Direct

Speech
&Indirect
Speech
member of
group
1. MUHAMMAD RIZKI
NUGROHO (23020230018)
2. FERISKA RAMADHAN
(23020230027)
3. HUSNAYA WUDZINNAFI’A
(NPM : 23020230023)
 Definition
Direct speech is a sentence that is directly uttered by the speaker
without any changes whatsoever, representing exactly what was said.

Indirect speech, or indirect quotation, is a sentence conveyed by

someone to retell the words of another person in the form of a news
sentence. For example, you tell person A something, then person A
repeats your words to person B.
 example
Direct speech : She said, “I will come to Fani’s birthday
party.”
He asked me, ”What are you doing?”
“Don’t give up, everyone has a different way of success,”
Tiara said.
Indirect speech : Meisya asked Sabrina to help her.
Lala said that she would go to Jakarta in the
My father advised me not to be lazy.
 function
The use of direct and indirect speech serves several
important functions:

1. *Quoting someone's words directly*

2. *Avoiding confusion*

3. *Conveyin information more succinctly**

4. *Maintaining formality or politeness*

5. *Enriching language style*

6. *Portraying character perspectives*

7. *Expressing changes in time.

 example
Direct speech: "I will meet you tomorrow," she said.
Indirect speech: She said that she would meet me the next
day

Direct speech: "We went to the park yesterday," he told

me.
Indirect speech: He told me that they had gone to the park
the day before.
 Characteristics of
Direct Speech
1.The primary characteristic of direct speech is that it is
accompanied by double quotation marks (" "), also known
as quotation marks.

2 letters from the first word in direct speech must be

capitalized.

3. The introductory phrase and direct speech are marked

by a comma (,) guys. For example:

My husband told me, "Open the window, please!"

In the example above, the introductory phrase is "My
husband told me.
 Characteristics of Indirect
Speech / Reported Speech
1. Between the reporting verb (introductory phrase) and
the reported words, they are linked by a conjunction or
English linking word. One of the most popular is "that,"
but this conjunction is optional.

2. It does not use double quotation marks like in direct

speech. Therefore, it should be read with a flat intonation.

3. In reported speech, someone typically summarizes the

main points of what someone else said, without providing
the exact words spoken by the other person in full.
 Direct Speech Vs
Indirect Speech
In reported speech, when the introductory verb is in the
present tense (such as "says," "tells," "explains," etc.), the
tense of the sentence remains unchanged.
Direct speech: Lindy explains, "I am sure I don't make any
mistakes."
Reported speech: Lindy explains that she is sure she
doesn't make any mistakes.

Meanwhile, in reported speech, when the introductory

verb is in the past tense (such as "asked," "said,"
"ordered," "warned," etc.), the tense of the sentence
undergoes a change.
 time of signal
Changes in time and place references
In transforming direct speech into reported speech, it's
also necessary to change the time and place references,
such as: now -> then ( direct - indirect speech)
today -> that day
yesterday -> the day before, the previous day
last night -> the night before
last week -> the week before
a week ago -> a week before
a month ago -> a month before
tomorrow -> the following day, the next day
next week -> the following week
next month -> the following month
next year -> the following year
 rules of verb from direct to
indirect speech
PRESENT. PAST PERFECT
Simple present Simple past Past perfect
Present continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

PRESENT MODAL PAST MODAL

Can Could
Will Would
Shall Should
May Might
Must, has/have to Had to
thank you
student resource page
https://www.english-academy.id/blog/reported-
speech-kalimat-langsung-tidak-langsung
https://www.gramedia.com/literasi/direct-
indirect-speech/