INTRODUCTION

PLAY, SPORTS AND

GAMES
 Play may be defined as active and
passive recreational activities that
allow us to develop our physical,
social, emotional and moral capacities.

Sport is about organizing collective efforts

and performance. Sport is about managing
excellence, coaching and developing tactics
as well as strategies.
 Game- is any mental or physical
activity or contest that has minimal
set of rules and coaching that
people do for fun and pleasure.
4 C a t e g o r i e s o f Play
 1. Agon
(Competition)
implies that
sustained attention,
appropriate training,
diligent application,
and the desire to win
is required.
2. Alea- Chance
the player does not
have full control, and
has to consider
chance and take
risks, which leads to
tension, and
sometimes
adrenaline rush.
3. Mimicry - Simulation

Simulation, or role-playing,
allows the player to take on
a role which normally he
does not possess. It is to
provide a way for
imagination and creativity to
flow, be it by narrative,
fantasy, allowing the player
to create.
 4. Ilinx — Vertigo

It causes disorientation,
temporarily distorts perception,
and is a very powerful way of
creating anxiety, adrenaline and
fear. It is related to sensory
stimulation and arousal.
 AGON-
While fun is highly
COMPETITION subjective, it is possible to
design experiences that
more objectively create
ALEA-CHANCE fun. And although not all
games can benefit from all
four elements, it is
MIMICRY- possible to almost always
SIMULATION design with at least one in
mind. So next time you
are not sure whether it’s
fun or how to add more
ILINX- VERTIGO fun, remember:
CLASSIFICATION
OF GAMES
 1. Tag Games

is a playground game
that involves three or
more players chasing
other players in an
attempt to "tag" or
touch them, usually
with their hands.
 2. Relay games

relays are team races

where one person in
the team completes a
specific task or set
course, then tags the
next person who
completes the same
task.
 3. Social games

A social game may

refer to tabletop, other
face-to-face indoor or
outdoor games, or
video games that allow
or require social
interaction between
players as opposed to
games played
4. Games with
Equipment

Eequipment or
apparatus used in
playing a game.
5. Games without
Equipment

games without the

use of equipment
or apparatus.
 6. Ball games

a game played with a

ball.
C ategories of
Sport
1. Competitive
Competitive games are
those in which players
play against one another
and where one player
winning means another
player loses.
 2. Combat
A combat sport, or
fighting sport, is a
competitive contact
sport that usually
involves one-on-
one combat.
Individual
and
Dual Sports
 Individual and
Dual Sports
Other sports are dual sports, which require two
athletes to compete as a team to win together.
Both of these are distinct from team sports,
where larger numbers of athletes
together. work main
The difference between
individual and dual sports is the number
of athletes who compete on the
same side.
 Individual Sports
Individual sports are those sports where
only one athlete competes for his or her
own side. Many track and field, cross
country, and swimming events are
individual competitions, where one
athlete is solely responsible for winning
or losing. Golf is another sport where
each athlete is on his or her own.
 Dual Sports
Dual sports is a type of sports that
are played by two people playing
against each other.
Just like the Olympic level, beach
volleyball involves two players
per team.
 Sports That Can Be
Individual or Dual
There are certain sports that can be either
individual or dual sports. The most
common example is tennis, where athletes
can compete in singles or doubles play,
and many competitors take part in both at
major tournaments.
 Pros and Cons of
Dual Sports
Competing in dual sports can be fun because of the
camaraderie and teamwork involved in working together as
a team. Dual sports require cooperation, so if you get along
well with your fellow athletes, you’ll do well in a dual sport.
There are disadvantages to dual sports as well. You have
less control over the outcome when you’re relying on
another teammate. You can also find the burden of a
game or match falling on you if your teammate is
performing poorly or has a bad attitude.
 Team Sports
Team sports are when one group, or team,
plays against another group, or team, in a
competition. The team members work
together to achieve a common goal. Most
team sports are played with a ball or
other objectThe dynamic of team sports
is even more different than individual or
dual sports, because of the cooperation
and specialization of roles on teams.
 "It is literally true
that you can
succeed best and
quickest by helping
others to succeed."
-Napoleon Hill
BADMINTON
 History Summary

The roots of the sport can be

traced to ancient Greece, China,
and India, and it is closely
related to the old children's
game battledore
and shuttlecock. Badminton is
derived directly from Poona,
which was played by British
army officers stationed in India
in the 1860s.
 NATURE OF THE GAME

Badminton is played as a singles or doubles game with

one or two players on a side.

The object of the game is to hit the shuttlecock or “bird”

back and forth with a racket across a net five feet high at
its center.

The bird should be hit with such speed and accuracy that
the opponent is unable to return the shot successfully.

The game can either be fast or slow paced, depending on

the skill level of the players.
Safety/Etiquette
1. Keep a firm grip on the racket.
2. Be careful not to hit your partner with the racket.
3. Stay in your own court to avoid the possibility of
collision with other players.
4. Stop play if other players enter your court.
5. Wait until there is a stop in the action to retrieve a bird
from another court.
6. Be aware of the walls and the net posts.
7. Before play, agree on the boundaries and determine the
first server. 8. Players call their own lines; replay the point
if in doubt.
9. Shake hands after the game/match.
 Facilities/
Equipment
1. Rackets are fragile. Avoid striking the floor, wall, net, posts,
or your partner. Also avoid flipping, throwing, or twirling
rackets.

2. Shuttlecocks should be handled by the tips only. Birds caught

in the net should be removed carefully.

3. Each student is responsible for reporting any damaged

rackets to the instructor.

4. Rackets are returned to the proper slot and birds to the

basket at the end of each period.
 Game Rules/Scoring

Players
1. Singles – one player on a side.

2. Doubles – two players on a side.

3. Mixed Doubles – one male and one

female partner opposing a male and
female opponent.
 Game Rules/Scoring
Scoring
1. Rally scoring allows for a point to be won by either
team regardless of which team is serving.

2. Both singles and doubles games are won with 21

points.

3. The side winning a rally adds a point to their score.

4. At 20 all, the side that gains a 2 point lead first, wins

that game.

5. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that

game.

6. In the third game of singles and doubles, players

change sides when a side scores 11 points.

7. A match is won by winning two out of three games.

General
Rules/Regulations
1. Serving
A. The server must keep both feet in contact with the floor at the
time of the serve.
B. The bird must be contacted below the waist.
C. The racket head must be below the server’s wrist.
D. The server should not serve until the receiver is ready; the
opponent is deemed ready if a return is attempted.
E. Partners of the server and receiver may stand anywhere on
the court providing they do not obstruct the opponent’s view.
F. A bird that touches the net on the serve and goes into the
proper service court is legal.
G. If the server misses the bird on the serve attempt, it still
counts. In singles and doubles the serve would go to the
opponent.
General
Rules/Regulations

2. Serving Order – Singles

A. At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the
server’s score is even, the serve will begin from the
right service court. When the server’s score is odd, the
serve will be from the left service court.
B. If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and
will then serve again from the alternate service court.
C. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point
and becomes the new server. They serve from the
appropriate service court – left if the score is odd and
right if it is even.
General
Rules/Regulations

3. Serving Order - Doubles

A. A team will only have one player serve, per “service”.
B. At the beginning of the game and when the score is even
(0,2,4,6, etc.) the server serves from the right service court.
When it is odd (1,3,5,7, etc.) the server serves from the left
service court.
C. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a
point and the same server serves again from the alternate
service court.
D. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores
a point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side.
E. The players do not change their respective service courts
until they win a point when their side is serving.
General
Rules/Regulations

4. The winners of the first game serve

first in the next game.

5. Birds falling on the lines are

considered good.

6. During a rally, a bird that touches the

net and goes over is in play.
General
Rules/Regulations
7. A fault (violation of rules) occurs if:

A. On the service, any part of the racket head is higher than the
server’s wrist and contact is made above the waist.
B. The service fails to cross the net or go into the proper service court.
C. The feet of the server and receiver are not in the proper courts at
time of service.
D. The server hesitates or stops (feint/balk) the service motion or
misses the bird.
E. The improper receiver returns the bird on the serve.
F. A bird hit into the net, under the net, against the wall or ceiling is out-
of-bounds.
G. A player hits the bird before it crosses the net.
H. The bird touches a player or clothing.
I. The player touches the net while the bird is in play.
J. The bird is hit twice in succession by one/both partners.
K. The bird is held, caught, or carried on the racket when struck.
l. A player obstructs an opponent.
Basic Skills

A. Grip

1. Forehand – with the racket head perpendicular to the

floor, shake hands with the grip so the “V” formed by the
thumb and forefinger is on the top of the handle.
2. Backhand – using a forehand grip, rotate the hand slightly
so the thumb is along and parallel to the wide side of the
handle.

B. Footwork

1. Move toward the shot with short steps and end with a
long stride.
2. In the ready position the racket is held high, the knees are
slightly bent, and the body weight is on the balls of the feet.
Basic Skills

C. Strokes
Overhead forehand – the most common we see, the first to
learn.

Overhead backhand – many people's main weakness.

Underarm forehand – a low shot on the forehand side.

Underarm backhand – a low shot on the backhand side.

1. Clear

2. Smash

3. Drive

4. Drop Shot

5. Net Shot
D. Serves
1. High and deep (singles) – take a position
near and on the proper side of the center
line and about four feet behind the short
service line. Drop the bird on the racket side
and swing the racket forward.

2. Low and short (doubles) – take a position

closer to the front service line. The racket is
swung forward with little follow-through.

3. Drive (flick) – a quick snap of the wrist in the

backhand grip with the bird held directly in
front of the body. The bird travels in a direct
line at the receiver.
E. Flight Patterns (left to right)

A = underhand clear/high single serve B = short serve

C = underhand drop shot
D = overhead clear
E = high doubles serve
F = hairpin net shot
G = smash
H = overhead drop hot
I = net shot
J = drive
Playing Strategy

A. Singles – serve long most of the time. Return a high

serve with a drop or clear.

B. Doubles – make shots, the return of which will leave an

opening for your partner to play a winning shot. Never play
a shot that leaves your partner open to smashes. Always
make an attacking shot.

1. Side-by side
2. Up-and-back
3. Up/back rotation
Terminology
1. Alley – an extension of the width of the court on both sides to
be used in doubles play.
2. Backhand – any stroke made on the side of the body opposite
the racket side. 3. Baseline – back boundary line.
4. Bird – the object that flies over the net, officially known as a
shuttlecock.
5. Block – placing the racket in front of the bird and letting it
rebound into the opponent’s court.
6. Carry – momentarily holding the bird on the racket during the
execution of a stroke.
7. Clear – a high shot that falls close to the baseline.
8. Double hit – contacting the bird twice in succession on the
same stroke.
9. Doubles – a game of four players, two on each team.
10. Drive – a hard stroke that just clears the net on a horizontal
plane.
TERMINOLOGY
11. Drop – a shot made that barely clears the net with little
speed.
12. Fault – any violation of the rules whose penalty is loss of
serve or the point. 13. Forehand – any stroke made on the racket
side of the body.
14. Hairpin (net) stroke – shot made from below and very close
to the net with the bird just clearing the net and dropping
sharply downward.
15. Home position – the ideal spot for awaiting the opponent’s
return.
16. Let – a play allowed to be replayed.
17. Match – best two out of three games.
18. Odd and even courts – in singles, the right half of the court is
“even” and the left half of the court is the “odd.” When the even
player is serving from the right the score is even, and odd when
serving from the left.
19. Rally – rapid returns made by players.
20. Ready position – an alert body position enabling quick
movement in any direction.
TERMINOLOGY
21. Receiver – the player to whom the bird is served.
22. Server – the player who puts the bird in play.
23. Shuttlecock – the feathered/plastic object that is hit back and
forth in badminton.
24. Singles – a game involving one player on each end of the court.
25. Sling – an untrue hit, usually because of the bird momentarily
resting on the racket.
26. Smash – a powerful overhand stroke that sends the bird
downward over the net.
27. Stroke – the action of striking the bird with the racket.
28. Toss/spin – the method of deciding which side will serve first at
the beginning of the match.
Badminton Court
Dart game
Dart game - is an indoor
target game played by
throwing feathered darts
at a circular board with
numbered spaces. The
game became popular in
English inns and taverns
in the 19th century and
increasingly so in the
20th.
 Brief History

Darts has a long and storied history, dating back

centuries. The game is believed to have originated
in England, where it was often played by soldiers
in taverns. In its early days, darts was a game of
chance. Players would throw a dart at a target
and hope it landed in the bulls-eye. Today, darts is
still a game of chance, but players also have the
option of scoring points based on their accuracy
 Object of the Game

501 is the standard version of the game in

competition and the object is to “check out”
by getting your score down to 50 or less
before ending the game by reaching zero by
either throwing a double or a bullseye with
your final dart
 Equipment

• Dart Board
A fine quality board consists of sisal
fibers or boar bristles and cork. An 18
inch diameter board is divided into 20
sections. Thin metal structures are
used to design the dividing lines and
with the same materials the numbers
are designed. Standardized dart board
 DART
Tip/point
The part that sticks into the board and is made of brass,
tungsten or plastic. This part bends easily, so it’s always
good to carry a spare!

Barrel/grip
This is seen as the most important part, which
determines the center of gravity of the dart. Choose one
focusing on the weight and how easy it is to grip.

Shaft
This part is used to adjust the overall length and weight
of the dart.

Flights
 Scoring
A player scores points by throwing the darts
at the board. Each player throws three darts
on their turn with the maximum score being
180, achieved by hitting three treble 20s. The
bull is worth 50 points, the outer bull 25
points and the various numbers score their
own value, unless they are doubled (the outer
rim) or trebled.
 Rules of Darts
• Which player takes the first turn in a game is decided
by throwing a single dart each with the nearest to the
bull taking the first throw.
• Only darts in the board at the end of the throw are
counted and ones that bounce or fall out cannot be
thrown again.
• Darts are thrown from a clearly marked toe-line
often called the oche, at least 8ft in from the
board, measured horizontally.
• If a player's foot extends over the throw line, it is
called a foul and all three darts thrown in that round
do not count.
• A player may lean as far over the line as they desire,
as long as they are not standing with any part of their
 Rules in Dart

• If a dart bounces out of the board or is knocked

out, the dart does not count nor may it be
thrown again.
• If a dart falls out of the board before it is scored
or pulled out by the player, it does not count.
You need to wait for 5 seconds if the dart stick
to the board that’s the time it is counted.
• If a player scores more than the points required
to reach zero, the player "bust". The score
returns to the score that was existing at the