San Francisco De Sales School

National Highway, City of San Pedro, Laguna

Learning Area Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Learning Delivery Modality Modular Distance Modality

School San Francisco De Sales School Grade Level Grade 11/12

Teacher Mrs. Martha Jane Macasaet Learning Area BESR
LESSON EXEMPLAR
Teaching Date Quarter 3rd
Teaching Time 60 mins. No. of Days

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards Classical philosophies specifically, virtue ethics (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Confucius,
etc.).
B. Performance Standard Identify the classical philosophies and their implication for business principles and
practices.
C. Most Essential Learning
Illustrate how these philosophies are reflected into business practices.
Competencies (MELC)
II. CONTENT Philosophies Influencing Our Business Practices
III.LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages
b. Learner’s Material Pages
c. Textbook Pages
d. Additional Materials from
Learning Resources
B. List of Learning Resources Business Ethics and Social Responsibility – Grade 12
for Development and Alternative Delivery Mode
Engagement Activities Quarter 3 – Module 4: Philosophies Influencing Our Business Practices
First Edition, 2020
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Introduction WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the classical philosophers and their philosophies.
2. make a graphic organizer about classical philosophies; and
3. explain how each philosophy reflects into business practices.

WHAT’S NEW?
Directions: Draw things, people, or anything that defines your own “happiness”. Below
the drawing, write a short description or explanation about it. Use a separate
sheet of bond paper.

B. Development WHAT I KNOW?

Directions: Based on your life’s experiences, cite things/principles you consider in your
decision-making in five aspects below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Love _____
2. Education _____
3. Family _____
4. Friends _____
5. Money _____

WHAT’S IN?
Directions: Define the following words and write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Ethics
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Code of Ethics
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS IT?
The Classical Philosophers and Philosophies and Their Implications on Business

1. Socrates (469-399 BCE)- “The Gad-fly at the Marketplace” is one of the few
individuals whom one could say have shaped the cultural and intellectual
development of the world for without him, history would be profoundly different.
This is Socrates’s philosophical idea:
 “The unexamined life is not worth living.” Socrates pointed out that
human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness.”

Socrates thought of the Entrepreneurs. The Socratic Method is a way of thinking

that allows individuals to define their own purpose of learning and exploring its
purpose through open-minded questioning of what they hold to be true. Socrates
insisted on a right to think of ourselves by introducing the philosophical concept, “Dare
to Disagree”.

2. Plato – “The Philosopher-King” is one of the world’s best known and most widely
read and studied philosophers. He was the student of Socrates and the teacher of
Aristotle. He wrote in the middle of the 4th Century BCE in ancient Greece. This is
Plato’s philosophical idea:

“Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly,

while bad people will find a way around the laws.”

Plato maintains a virtue-based eudemonistic conception of ethics. That is to say,

happiness or well-being (eudaimonia) is the highest aim of moral thought and conduct,
and the virtues (aretê: excellence) are the requisite skills and dispositions needed to
attain it.

3. Aristotle – “All or Nothing” (384-322 BCE) is a towering figure in ancient Greek

philosophy, contributing to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, ethics,
politics, agriculture, medicine, dance, and theater. These are some of Aristotle’s
philosophical ideas:

“Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life,

the whole aim, and end of human existence.”

“Let people seek fulfillment.”

The word happiness in ethics is a translation of the Greek term “eudaimonia”

which connotes success and fulfillment. For Aristotle, this happiness is our highest goal.
In relation to business, Aristotle concludes that the role of the leader is to create an
environment in which all members of an organization can realize their potential.

4. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). “Duty based Ethics”. He is one of the most

influential philosophers in the history of Western Philosophy. He was not concerned
with the consequences of one’s actions or the harm caused to one’s individual
interests. Instead, he is focused on motives and the willingness of individuals to act
for the good of others, even if the action might result to personal loss. Doing
something for the right reason was more important to Kant than any particular
outcome.

For example, business ethics is littered with cases of companies that have suffered
damaging crises due to their leaders’ lack of commitment to act based on goodwill and
about what benefits others.

5. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill- “Utilitarianism” revolves around the
concept of “the end justifies the means”. It believes that outcomes, as a result of an
action have a greater value compared to the latter.

Utilitarianism is a philosophy or belief suggesting that an action is morally right

when the majority of people benefit from it. Also, the doctrine that an action is right as it
promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be
the guiding principle of conduct. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that advocates actions
that promote overall happiness or pleasure and reject actions that cause unhappiness or
harm. A utilitarian philosophy, when directed to making social, economic, or political
decisions, aims for the betterment of society.

C. Engagement WHAT’S MORE?

 A. Directions: Write the business philosophies of each philosopher in the table below.
The first one is done for you. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

WHAT CAN I DO?

Directions: Give a situation that shows the implication of each philosophy in business.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Aristotle’s philosophy
2. Plato’s philosophy
3. Socrates’ philosophy
4. Immanuel Kant’s philosophy
5. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill’s philosophy

D. Assimilation WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

Directions: Complete the sentences below and write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

I have learned that Aristotle’s philosophy influences business practices in

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

I have learned that Plato’s philosophy influences business practices in

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

I have learned that Socrates’ philosophy influences business practices in

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

I have learned that Immanuel Kant’s philosophy influences business practices in

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

I have learned that Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill’s philosophies influence
business practices in
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

WHAT CAN I DO?

A. Directions: Fill-in the given graphic organizer about the famous philosophers and
their philosophies you have learned (10pts). Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

B. Directions: Identify whose philosophy is described in each number. Choose your

answers from the box. Write the letter of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

11. Motives and the willingness of individuals to act for the good of others,
even though that action might result to personal loss.
12. The role of the leader is to create an environment in which all members of
an organization can realize their own potential.
 13. Happiness or well-being is the highest aim of moral thought and conduct.
14. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that advocates actions that promote overall
happiness or pleasure and rejects actions that cause unhappiness or harm.
15. We have the right to think of ourselves.

V. REFLECTION Write your personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below.

I understand that ____________.

I realize that __________________.
Prepared by: Noted by:

MARTHA JANE MACASAET LEVY P. TALAY

Teacher Principal