SCHEME & SYLLABUS FOR M.Sc.

Chemistry
(2019 ONWARDS)

Under
(Choice Based Credit System)

Department of Chemistry

Maharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)

Mullana,Ambala, Haryana
INDIA-133207
 M.Sc.Chemistry- Scheme and Syllabi
(2019 Onward)
FIRST SEMESTER

S.No. Paper Paper Hrs/Week Credit Marks

Code Lecture Practicals (Ex+Int)
1 MCHE-801 Inorganic Chemistry-I 4 0 4.0 100(60+40)
2 MCHE-802 Organic Chemistry-I 4 0 4.0 100(60+40)
3 MCHE-803 Physical Chemistry-I 4 0 4.0 100(60+40)
4 MCHE-804/ Bio Sciences/ 3 0 3.0 100(60+40)
MMAT-001 Basic Mathematics for Chemists
5 MCHE-805 Inorganic Chemistry Practical-I 0 4 2.0 100(40+60)
6 MCHE-806 Organic Chemistry Practical-I 0 4 2.0 100(40+60)
7 MCHE-807 Physical Chemistry Practical-I 0 4 2.0 100(40+60)
8 MCHE-808 Seminar 0 2 1.0 50(Int)
Total 15 14 22.0 850
 Syllabus of M.Sc. Chemistry- 1st Sem.
M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MCHE-801 (Inorganic Chemistry- I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 40
4 0 0 End semester exam 60
Total marks 100
Credits 4.0

Course Objectives: The course provides an overview of fundamentals of group theory. It

develops in depth understanding of chemistry of electronic spectra of transition metal complexes.
Students will also learn the magnetic properties of transition metal complexes. This course helps to
gain the knowledge of chemistry of lanthanides and actinides, metal clusters and metal π-
complexes.

UNIT-I

Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory

Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, symmetry planes and reflections, the inversion
centre, proper axis and proper rotations, products of symmetry operations, Equivalent Symmetry
elements and equivalent atoms, The symmetry point groups of linear and non linear molecules
having Schoenflies Symbols such as Cs, Ci, C2, Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dn, Dnh, Dnd, C∞v, and D∞h. Matrix
representation of C2V and C3V point groups, Group Multiplication Table, Character table for C2V
and C3V point groups. The great orthogonality theorem and its importance, Reducible and
Irreducible representation. Decomposing reducible representation into irreducible components.

UNIT-II

Electronic Structure and Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes

Crystal field splitting of d- orbitals in Oh symmetry, splitting of d-orbitals inTd and other
symmetries, Jahn-Teller distortions, the spectrochemical series, high spin and low spin
configurations, limitations of crystal field theory, atomic orbitals and ground terms, crystal field
splitting of free ion D terms, F terms, P terms and S terms, splitting patterns of dn ground terms,
The nephelauxetic effects, Selection rules for electronic transition, Orgel diagram and Tanabe
Sugano diagram, charge-transfer transitions.

UNIT-III

Spin and Magnetism in Transition Metal Complexes

The qualitative origin of paramagnetism, Diamagnetism, Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism,
magnetic Susceptibility, Gouy method for the determination of magnetic susceptibility, Curie law,
Curie Temperature, Curie-Weiss law, Neel temperature, orbital quenching and spin only formula,
high spin low spin crossovers.

Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides

Electronic configuration and stable oxidation states of lanthanide and actinide contraction, the
lanthanide and actinide contraction : its causes and consequences, Differences between the 4f and
5f orbitals, electronic structures and absorption spectra of the lanthanides and actinides, spin-orbit
coupling, magnetic properties of lanthanides and actinides.
 UNIT-IV
Metal π-complexes
Preparation, structure, bonding and reactivities of transition metal carbonyls, metal nitrosyl and
halide complexes. Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls and nitrosyls for bonding and structural
elucidation.

Metal Clusters
Dinuclear, trinuclear, tetranuclear and hexanuclear metal carbonyl and halide type clusters,
compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds.

Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
explain the applications of molecular symmetry and group theory. The students will be able
to elucidate the structure of metal complexes using various spectroscopic methods and
important concept of john teller distortion. They will be able to understand the chemistry of
4f and 5f transition series, polynuclear metal carbonyls and metal nitrosyls.

Instructions for paper setter:

Time of Examination: 3 Hours. The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both compulsory.
Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B comprises of 4
questions (1 from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F. A. Cotton, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern
Limited, 1971.
2. Transition Metal Chemistry, M. Gerloch, E. C. Constable, Verlagsgesellschaft,
Weinheim, Germany.
3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Third Edition, F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Wiley
Eastern Limited, 1972.
4. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition, F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, John Wiley
and Sons, New York.
5. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structures and Reactivity, J. E. Huheey,
E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, HarperCollinsCollege Publishers, 1993, New York.
6. Concise Inorganic chemistry, Fifth edition, J. D. Lee, Blackwell Science Limited, 1996,
Oxford, UK.
 M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MCHE -802 (Organic Chemistry-I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 40
4 0 0 End semester exam 60
Total marks 100
Credits 4.0

Course Objectives: The course covers basic in depth understanding of organic reactions and
mechanisms. It gives an opportunity to learn the advanced concept of stereochemistry. The student
will get the knowledge of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reaction in aliphatic and
aromatic compound .

UNIT-I

Reaction Mechanism
Types of organic reactions and mechanisms, kinetic and thermodynamic control in product
formation,
Potential energy diagrams for transition states and reaction intermediates in different reactions,
Hammond's postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle, Hammett equation and linear free energy
relationship, Methods of determining mechanisms, isotope effects, Effect of structure on
reactivity: resonance and field effects, steric effect.
UNIT-II

Stereochemistry-I
Stereochemical nomenclatures: (E, Z), chiral centre, chiral axis, chiral plane, helicity, threo-
erythro, Stereogencity and chirotopicity. Conformational and configurational enantiomers.
Symmetry and molecular chirality. Stereochemical features: cyclohexane and its derivatives
conformation and physical properties. Conformation and relative reactivity of diastereomers,
Prochirality and Prostereoisomerism. Topicity and Reactivity. A symmetric synthesis: Addition
of a chiral reagents to chiral ketones and aldehydes, models of stereochemical control: Cram,
Felkin and Karabatsos. Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions.
UNIT-III
Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution
Bimolecular mechanisms (SE2 and SEi), SE1 mechanism, electrophilic substitution with double
bond shifts, factors affecting reactivity: substrate structure, leaving group and solvent polarity,
diazo-transfer reaction.

Aromatic Electrophilic substitution

Theoretical treatment, arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity (mono substituted
benzene ring only), orto/para ratio, ipso attack, orientation in other ring systems, Vilsmeier-
Haack reaction, Reimer- Tiemann reaction, Gatterman- Koch reaction, Fries rearrangement.

UNIT-IV

Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution

The SN1,SN2 and SNi mechanism, mixed SN1 and SN2 mechanism, SET mechanism; nucleophilic
substitution at an allylic, aliphatic trigonal and a vinylic carbon; Factors affecting reactivity:
 substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium; ambident
nucleophiles.
Aromatic Nucleophilic substitution
The unimolecular, bimolecular and elimination-addition mechanism involving benzyne, arynes.
Reactivity, effect of substrate, structure, attacking nucleophile and leaving group. Von-Richter,
Sommelet-Houser and Stevens rearrangements.

Course Outcomes: At the end of course, the students will have an expertise in the field of
various types of organic reaction and mechanism. They will gain the enough knowledge on
the types of aliphatic and aromatic nucleophilic/elctrophilic substitution reactions. They
will be able to understand and apply the sterochemical aspect in organic reactions.

Instructions for paper setter:

Time of Examination: 3 Hours.The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both compulsory.
Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B comprises of 4
questions (1 from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.

Text/Reference Books::
1. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanism and Structure,
John Wiley.
2. F. A. Carey and R. J. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Plenum.
3. Peter Sykes, A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman.
4. C. K. Ingold, Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Cornell University Press.
5. R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall.
6. H. O. House, Modern Organic Reactions. 2nd Edition (1972), Benjamin/Cummings
Publishing Company, California.
7. R. O. C. Norman and J. M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis,Blackie Academic&
Professional.
8. S. M. Mukherji and S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry,
Macmillan.
9. D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International.
10. P.S, Kalsi, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, New Age International.
 M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MCHE-803 (Physical Chemistry -I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 40
4 0 0 End semester exam 60
Total marks 100
Credits 4.0

Course Objectives: The aim of this course is to provide the advanced understanding of the
concept of classical thermodynamics. It imparts knowledge of surface chemistry and chemical
equilibrium. It gives an understanding of the requirement of approximation methods in quantum
mechanics.

UNIT-I

CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS:
Brief resume of concepts of thermodynamics, free energy, chemical potential and entropy. Partial
molar properties, partial molar free energy, partial molar volume and partial molar heat content
and their significances. Determination of these quantities. Concept of fugacity and determination
of fugacity.
Non-ideal systems: Excess functions for non-ideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficients, Debye-
Huckel theory for activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions, determination of activity and
activity coefficients, ionic strength.
UNIT-II

SURFACE CHEMISTRY:
Introduction to adsorption, thermodynamic treatment of adsorption, adsorption of gases by solids,
adsorption activation energy, adsorption isobars, calculation of heat of adsorption by Clausius –
Clapeyron equation, types of adsorption curves, Langmuir equation and BET isotherm, multilayer
adsorption, and significance in surface area determination, adsorption from solution, surface
excess concentration, adsorption at the surface of liquid, Gibbs adsorption equation: derivation
significance and experimental verification, Change in enthalpy, entropy and free energy of
adsorption, surface active substances, catalytic activity of surface, Applications of adsorption.
UNIT-III
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM:
Formulation of Equilibrium Law on the basis of Donder’s idea, Equilibrium Law for Ideal gases,
Chemical Affinity and thermodynamic functions, Other forms of Equilibrium constant for ideal
gas reaction, Relation between different types of equilibrium constants, Equilibrium Constant and
degree of dissociation, Calculation of K from Standard Change in free energy, Variation of Kp and
Kc with temperature and Pressure, The Le-Chatelier’s Principle (Donder treatment), Quantitative
Treatment of Le-Chatelier’s Principle on the basis chemical affinity, Equilibrium Constant for a
system of Real Gases.
Phase Rule : Introduction of phase rule, two component system (e.g. Lead – silver system, Ferric
chloride – water system), and determination of eutectic point, construction of phase diagram of
three component system (e.g. water - ethanol – benzene, KCl- NaCl-H2O)

UNIT-IV
QUANTUM CHEMISTRY- I:
Introduction, Schrodinger equation and postulates of quantum mechanics, Commutative laws,
operators. The linear harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor, The hydrogen atom, the solution of
Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom, radial distribution function, quantum number n, l, and m.
Variation theorem, linear variation principle, perturbation theory (first order and non-degenerate),
the perturbation and variation treatment of the Helium atom.

Course Outcomes: The completion of this course provides the advanced concept of classical
thermodynamics and its applications. The students will be able to solve the simple quantum
mechanical models such as simple harmonic oscillator, particle in a 1D- box, rigid rotor, H atom
etc. They will understand the different types of surface phenomena and different types of phase
diagrams.

Instructions for paper setter:

Time of Examination: 3 Hours.The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both compulsory.
Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B comprises of 4
questions (1 from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.

Text/Reference Books:

1. P.W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, ELBS.

2. A.W.Adamson: “The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces”, Interscience
3. F.Daniels and R.A.Alberty: “Physical Chemistry”, Wiley Eastern.
4. G.W.Castellan: “Physical Chemistry”, Narosa Publishing House
5. I.N.Levine: “Quantum Chemistry”, Prentice Hall
6. S.Glasstone, K.J.Laidler and H.Eyring: “The theory of Rate Process”, McGraw Hill.
7. Introductory Quantum Chemistry, A.K.Chandra
8. Physical Chemistry, T. Engle and P. Reid, (Pearson Education) 2006
9. Basic Chemical Thermodynamics, E. Brian Smith (ELBS) 1990
10. Statistical Thermodynamics, L.K. Nash.
11. Physical Chemistry molecular approach, D.Mcquarie and J. Simom (Viva) 2000.
 M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MCHE -804(Bio-Science)
(For Non-medical Students )

L T P Continuous evaluation 40
3 0 0 End semester exam 60
Total marks 100
Credits 3.0

Course Objectives: The course provides an introduction of biomolecules playing a key role in
biological processes of life. The students will learn the basic concept of proteins and nucleic acids,
their types and their functions. They will also get insight into various important oxidizing and
reducing agents involved biological processes.

UNIT-I
Organisation of Life:
Introduction of biomolecules: Important examples of biomolecules and building blocks of
biopolymers. The life of cells – The cell theory, general characteristics of cells, difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, difference between plant and animal cells, intracellular
organelles(Mitochondria, Ribosomes, E.R., Golgi Apparatus, Chloroplast, Nucleus) and their
functions.

UNIT-II
Amino acids
Amino acids, peptides and proteins: Primary structure of proteins, end group determination, amino
acid analysis and the Edman degradation (protein sequencing), Ramachandran plot and the
secondary structure of proteins α-helix, β-pleated sheet, β-bend and collagen triple helix. Tertiary
structure and structural motifs - protein folding and domain structure of proteins. Oligomeric
proteins. Purification and characterization of proteins, functions of proteins.

UNIT-III
Nucleic Acids and Genetic Code
Nucleotides and nucleic acids: Ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides, RNA and DNA. Base
pairing, double helical structure of DNA and forces stabilizing nucleic acid structure. Methods
used in nucleic acid separation and characterization, nucleic acid sequencing.

UNIT-IV
Transcription and translation: Messenger RNA, RNA polymerase and protein synthesis. Control of
transcription and protein-DNA interactions. The genetic code, tRNA structure and codonanticodon
interactions. Ribosome s and their structure. Gene cloning and site-directed mutagenesis.
ATP- the biological energy currency, Few examples of important oxidizing and reducing agents
involved in biological processes.

Course Outcomes: On satisfying the requirements of this course, students will have the
knowledge of the relationship between chemistry and various molecules of life. The students will
be able to discuss the elementary biochemistry of the molecules of life and relationship between
the structure and functions of biomolecules.

Instructions for paper setter:

Time of Examination: 3 Hours.The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both
compulsory. Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B
comprises of 4 questions (1 from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Principles of Biochemistry, A.L. Lehninger, Worth Publishers.
2. Biochemistry, L.Styer, W.H. Freeman.
3. Biochemistry, J. David Rawn, Neil Patterson.
4. Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, John Wiley.
5. Outlines of Biochemistry, E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, John Wiley.
 M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MMAT -001 (Basic Mathematics for Chemists)
(F o r Med ic al St u d en ts )

L T P Continuous evaluation 40
3 0 0 End semester exam 60
Total marks 100
Credits 3.0

Course Objectives: The course provides an introduction of basic mathematics required to solve
some chemical equations. The course is mainly designed for medical students. The students will
learn the basic concept of vectors, matrix and determinants, logarithm, differential and integral
calculus and partial differentiation.

UNIT-I
Vectors
Examples of scalar and vectors in two, three dimensions, representation and simple properties of
vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, vector addition by the method of triangles, resolution
of vectors into rectangular components, addition of vectors by components, addition of vectors by
components, multiplication and differentiation of vectors. Scalar product of vectors, vector product,
concept of normalization, orthogonality and complete set of unit vectors.Illustration of applications
to spectroscopy and quantum chemistry.

UNIT-II
Matrices and Determinants
Definition of matrix, types of matrices, viz. row matrix, column matrix, null matrix, square matrix,
diagonal matrix, addition, subtraction and multiplication by a number, matrix multiplication,
Transpose and ad joint of matrix, elementary transformation, representation and applications
(without development of theory) to solution of linear equations. Definition of determinant,
properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants. Illustration or applications to group theory,
problem of chemistry.

UNIT-III
Logarithm
Theory and application of logarithms for solving chemical problems.

Graphical Representation of Equations

Rectangular coordinates, straight lines, slope and intercept of the equation, slope and point
equation, two point equation, parallel lines, points of intersection, distance between two points,
change of origin. Examples from problems in chemistry,
Differential Calculus
Theory, rules of differentiation, powers, added and subtracted functions, constants, products,
quotients, functions of a function, logarithmic differentiation, parametric functions. Algebraic
simplification, differentiation of implicit functions, rate of change of slope, successive
differentiation, their application to thermodynamic principles.
 UNIT-IV
Partial Differentiation
The fundamental theorem of partial differentiation, successive partial differentiation. Application
to chemical problems. Sterling’s approximation.

Integral Calculus
Rules of integration between limits, significance of exponential functions, methods of integration,
viz. algebraic simplifications, substitution, integration by parts, integration by partial fractions,
coordinate transformation (e.g., Cartesian to spherical polar). Illustration of application in
chemistry. Evaluation of standard integrals of the types:

Differential Equation
Simple differential equations, separable variables, homogene

Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will gain the knowledge of the
elementary knowledge of some mathematical concepts. The students will be able apply these
concept in the field of chemistry and their applications.

Instructions for paper setter:

Time of Examination: 3 Hours.The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both
compulsory. Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B
comprises of 4 questions (1 from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Mathematical Preparation for Physical Chemistry, F. Daniels, McGraw Hill.
2. Mathematical Preparation for General Physics, J.B. Marian, R.C. Davidson Saunder
Company
3. Mathematical Methods for Science Students, G. Stephemen, ELBS.
4. Chemical Thermodynamics, R.C. Reid.
 M.Sc. Chemistry 1st Semester
MCHE -805 (Inorganic Chemistry Practical-I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 60
0 0 4 End semester exam 40
Total marks 100
Credits 2.0

Course Objectives: The main objective of the course is to provide scientific skills to the students
in qualitative mixture analysis. In this practical course, the students will acquire practical skills in
inorganic qualitative analysis. They will learn how to determine ferrous, nitrate oxalate by
ceremetry.

I. Qualitative analysis:

Total five radicals to be given containing two less common metal ions and one insoluble
and two acid radicals.
Less common metal ions – W, Tl, Mo, Se, Ti, Zr, Th, V, U, Ce, Be (two metal ions in
cationic/anionic forms)
Insolubles: Halides[Calcium fluoride and silver halides(AgCl,AgBr,AgI)];
Sulphates (Lead Sulphate, Barium Sulphate Strontium Sulphate and Calcium Sulphate) ; Oxides
[WO3, Silica(SiO2) , Alumina(AlO2),Cr2O3 and SnO2]

II. Determination of Ferrous, Oxalate, Nitrite etc. by Cerimetry

III. Lab Record & Viva-voce

Course Outcome: Students will able to identify and separate less familiar ions such as Tl, W, Se,
Mo, Ce, Th, Ti, Zr, V, U etc. They will be able to determine ferrous, nitrate oxalate by ceremetry
technique.

Text/Reference Books:
1. A Text Book of Macro and Semi-micro Quantitative Analysis, A.I.Vogel,
Orient Longman.
2. A Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, J. Bassett, R.C.
Denney, G.B. Jaffery and J. Menaham, Longman, London.
 M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MCHE -806 (Organic Chemistry Practical-I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 60
0 0 4 End semester exam 40
Total marks 100
Credits 2.0

Time of Examination: Six Hours (Two Sessions each of three hours)

Course Objectives: The aim is to learn the separation and purification of an organic mixture by
chemical/solvent separation methods. This provide a scientific skill in quantitative analysis of
organic mixtures. Student will get on hand experience of one step organic synthesis of organic
compounds and various spectroscopic methods used for the characterisation of organic compounds.

1. Separation and Purification Techniques: Purification of Organic

compounds involving fractional distillation, steam distillation,
sublimation .

2. Qualitative Analysis: Systematic analysis of a binary Organic mixture of two solid

components with separation using water, NaHCO3 and NaOH ; Preparation of
suitable derivatives, including separation by chemical analysis and confirmation of
their structures with IR and PMR spectral data (IR and PMR spectra to be
provided).

3 Organic Synthesis: Single step preparation of Organic compounds.

4. Lab Record & Viva-Voce.

Course Outcome: On completion, students will able to purify and separate organic mixtures. They
will be able to do the systematic analysis of organic mixtures and confirmation of their structures
with IR and PMR spectral data. Students will become accustomed in one step synthesis of various
organic compounds.

Text/Reference Books:
1 A Hand book of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Text Book of
Macro and Semi-micro Quantitative Analysis, A.I.Vogel, Orient
Longman.
2. A Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, J. Bassett,
R.C. Denney, G.B. Jaffery and J. Menaham, Longman, London.
3. Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis by H. Middleton, Edward
Arnold (Publisher) Limited, London 1959.
5 Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry by Arthur I. Vogel,
EXCBS Publishers and Distributors.
6. Experiments in Organic Chemistry by Louis, F.Fieser, D.C. Heath
and Company Boston, 1955.
 M.Sc. (1st Semester) Chemistry
MCHE-807 (Physical Chemistry Practical-I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 60
0 0 4 End semester exam 40
Total marks 100
Credits 2.0

Time of examination: 6 Hours (Two sessions each of three hours)

Course Objectives: To learn important skill in the determination of strength of solutions

condutometrically, pH metrically and potentiometrically. To enable the students to do the
solubility test by gravimetric or titrimetric method. They will also learn some experiments based
on thermochemistry and adsoption.

Conductometry:
1. To determine the strength of HCl by titrating against NaOH
2. To determine the strength of CH3COOH by titrating against NaOH
3. To determine the strength of HCl by titrating against NH4OH and comment on the nature
of graph
4. To determine the strength of given acid by titrating against NaOH, conductometric
titration: Oxalic acid, citric acid, phallic acid, tartaric acid.
5. To determine the conc. of H2SO4 and CuSO4 in a solution conductometrically.
Partition coefficient:
6. To determination of the partition cofficient of I2 between water and carbon tetrachloride.
7. To determination of the partition cofficient of acetic acid between water and 1-butanol.
8. To determination of the partition cofficient of benzoic acid between water and benzene.
Potentiometry/ pH metry
9. Determination of ionization constant of a weak indicator acid.
10 Determination of ionization constant of phosphoric acid.
11. To determine the strength of HCl by titrating against NaOH.
12. To determine the strength of CH3COOH by titrating against NaOH.
13. Preparation of buffer solutions of various pH and the determination of their pH values.
14. To find the dissociation constants of the weak acids.
Solubility
15. To determine the solubility of benzoic acid ( titrimetric method)
16. To determine the solubility of CuSO4.5H2O( Gravimetric method).
 17. To determine transition temperature (by solubility method).
Thermochemistry
18. To determine the heat of solution (benzoic acid in water).
19. To determine the heat of hydration of CuSO4.
Adsorption
20 To study the adsorption of oxalic acid from aqueous solution by activated charcoal
and examine the validity of Freundliuch and Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm.
21. Adsorption of acetic acid on charcoal to verify Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
The colloidal state
22. To prepare the colloidal solution of arseniussulphide, antimony sulphide,
23. Cadmium sulphide, sulphure, ferric hydroxide, silver, purssian blue, and gelatine.

LAB RECORD & VIVA-VOCE

Any other experiments can be introduced in the class
Course Outcome: On completion of the course students will become accustomed to determine the
strength of solutions by various methods. They will be able to determine the distribution
coefficient of some immiscible liquids. Students will become familiar to handle the experiments
based on heat of solutions, preparation of colloidal solution and study of adsorption.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Practical Physical Chemistry, A.M. James and Prichard, Longman.
2. Finfley’s Practical physical Chemistry, B.P. Lavitt, Longoman.
3. Practical physical Chemistry, S.R. Palit and S.K. De, Science.
4. Experimental physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B. Behra, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Advanced Practical physical Chemistry, J.B. Yadav, Goel Publishing House
6. Experiments in physical Chemistry, D.P. Shoemaker.
7. Experiments in physical Chemistry, D. V. Jahagirdhar.