What is Satellite Communication?

In satellite communication, signal transferring between the sender and receiver is done with the
help of satellite. In this process, the signal which is basically a beam of modulated microwaves is
sent towards the satellite. Then the satellite amplifies the signal and sent it back to the receiver’s
antenna present on the earth’s surface. So, all the signal transferring is happening in space. Thus
this type of communication is known as space communication.

Two satellites which are commonly used in satellite communication are Active and passive
satellites.

Passive satellites: It is just a plastic balloon having a metal coated over it. This sphere reflects
the coming microwave signals coming from one part of the earth to other part. This is also
known as passive sphere. Our earth also has a passive satellite i.e. moon.

Active satellites: It basically does the work of amplifying the microwave signals coming. In
active satellites an antenna system, transmitter, power supply and a receiver is used. These
satellites are also called as transponders. The transmitters fitted on the earth generate the
microwaves. These rays are received by the transponders attached to the satellite. Then after
amplifying, these signals are transmitted back to earth. This sending can be done at the same
time or after some delay. These amplified signals are stored in the memory of the satellites, when
earth properly faces the satellite. Then the satellite starts sending the signals to earth. Some
active satellites also have programming and recording features. Then these recording can be
easily played and watched. The first active satellite was launched by Russia in 1957. The signals
coming from the satellite when reach the earth, are of very low intensity. Their amplification is
done by the receivers themselves. After amplification these become available for further use.